scholarly journals Haematological Aspects of Renal Disease

1983 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Dodds ◽  
Maryann Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplantation ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Fibrin Deposition ◽  
Platelet Dysfunction ◽  
Red Cell Survival ◽  
Active Investigation ◽  
Is Failure

Renal diseases are associated with a variety of haemopoietic changes. Anaemia parallels the degree of renal impairment and its most important cause is failure of renal erythropoietin secretion. Other factors include depressed red cell production and reduced red cell survival. Purpura and bleeding are predominantly due to platelet dysfunction and usually respond to dialysis. Cryoprecipitate and 1-deamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin may be of value in the bleeding patient. Abnormal coagulation with fibrin deposition in the microcirculation is now recognised as a mechanism of renal impairment. Plasma infusion and anticoagulants may be useful in the therapy of conditions in which this occurs. Plasma exchange is now used in the investigation and management of some varieties of immunologically mediated renal disease. Blood transfusion has been found to improve graft survival if given prior to renal transplantation and this effect is currently under active investigation.

scholarly journals Lifetime risk of cardiovascular-renal disease in type 2 diabetes: a population-based study in 473399 individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Zhang ◽  
J Mamza ◽  
T Morris ◽  
G Godfrey ◽  
F Asselbergs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lifetime Risk ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Private Company ◽  
Risk Of Death

Abstract Background Lifetime risks of cardiovascular (CV) and renal diseases are high, particularly in type 2 diabetes (T2D), but rarely studied together, and relative disease contributions are unknown. Knowledge of lifetime risk of cardiovascular-renal disease (CVRD) will better reflect disease burden in T2D. Purpose To investigate the lifetime risks (LTRs) of composite and individual components of major adverse reno-cardiovascular events, MARCE in T2D patients. Method In a population-based cohort study using national electronic health records, we studied 473399 individuals aged 45–99 years with T2D in England 2007–2018. The LTR of composite and individual components of MARCE (including CV death and CVRD: heart failure, HF; chronic kidney disease stage 3 and above, CKD; myocardial infarction, MI; stroke or peripheral artery disease, PAD) were estimated. LTRs by baseline CVRD comorbidity status were compared with individuals free from CVRD at baseline, accounting for the competing risk of death. Results Among T2D patients aged ≥45 years, the LTR of MARCE was 80% for individuals free from CVRD at baseline. LTR of MARCE was 97%, 93%, 98%, 89% and 91% for individuals with specific CVRD comorbidities for HF, CKD, MI, stroke and PAD, respectively at baseline. Within the CVRD-free cohort, LTR of CKD was highest at 54%, followed by CV death (41%), HF (29%), stroke (20%), MI (19%) and PAD (9%). Compared to CVRD-free, HF, MI and CKD at baseline were associated with the highest LTR of MARCE and its component diseases (Table). Conclusion The lifetime risk of CV disease and CKD in T2D patients is estimated to be over 60% and 50% respectively (1–3). When considered together, the LTR of MARCE is 80% in CVRD-free T2D patients, while nearly all those with T2D and HF will develop MARCE over their lifetime. Of the individual components of MARCE, LTR of CKD and HF were the highest among CVRD-free T2D patients. Preventive measures in T2D patients should be a priority in clinical practice to mitigate the burden of these complications. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): AstraZeneca

Renal Transplantation in Polycystic Renal Disease

JAMA ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 202 (7) ◽  
pp. 654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald C. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplantation ◽  
Renal Disease

Automated Differential Agglutination Technic to Measure Red Cell Survival

Transfusion ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. O. Szymanski ◽  
C. R. Valeri
Keyword(s):  
Cell Survival ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Survival

Obstructive nephropathy and renal fibrosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (5) ◽  
pp. F861-F875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulo Klahr ◽  
Jeremiah Morrissey
Keyword(s):  
Renal Disease ◽  
Renal Fibrosis ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Rodent Model ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Obstructive Nephropathy ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

Interstitial fibrosis has a major role in the progression of renal diseases. Several animal models are available for the study of renal fibrosis. The models of aminonucleoside-induced nephrotic syndrome, cyclosporin nephrotoxicity, and passive Heyman nephritis are characterized by molecular and cellular events similar to those that occur in obstructive nephropathy. Additionally, inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme exerts salutary effects on the progression of renal fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) has emerged as an important model for the study of the mechanisms of renal fibrosis and also for the evaluation of the impact of potential therapeutic approaches to ameliorate renal disease. Many quantifiable pathophysiological events occur over the span of 1 wk of UUO, making this an attractive model for study. This paper reviews some of the ongoing studies that utilized a rodent model of UUO. Some of the findings of the animal model have been compared with observations made in patients with obstructive nephropathy. Most of the evidence suggests that the rodent model of UUO is reflective of human renal disease processes.

PERCUTANEOUS RENAL BIOPSY IN CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-296
Author(s):  
W. F. Dodge ◽  
C. W. Daeschner ◽  
J. C. Brennan ◽  
H. S. Rosenberg ◽  
L. B. Travis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Disease ◽  
Renal Biopsy ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Renal Lesion ◽  
Bleeding Tendency ◽  
Percutaneous Renal Biopsy ◽  
The One ◽  
Selection Of

Since 1951, when the percutaneous renal biopsy was introduced as an adjunctive method for study of patients with renal disease, reports of some 4,000 kidney biopsies have appeared in the literature. Only about 250 of these, however, have been performed in children. A biopsy specimen containing 5 to 10 glomeruli has been reported to be adequate for interpretation and to be representative of the total renal parenchyma in 84% of the cases with diffuse renal disease. Using a biopsy technique similar to that described by Kark, we have obtained an adequate specimen in 92% of 205 kidney biopsies performed in 168 children with diffuse renal diseases. Seven deaths have been previously reported in the literature. The circumstances surrounding the death of these seven patients and of the one death that occurred in our series are described. Perirenal hematoma has had a reported incidence of 0.4%. It has been our experience, as well as that of the other investigators, that if blood boss is replaced, the patient has an otherwise uneventful course and the mass subsequently disappears. Gross hematuria has had a reported incidence of 5.2%. Microscopic hematuria, lasting for 6 to 12 hours after biopsy, has been found to be the rule rather than the exception. The complications which have occurred have been associated with bleeding, and therefore a careful history concerning bleeding tendency and a study of the clotting mechanism is essential if the risk of needle renal biopsy is to be minimized. In addition to a bleeding tendency or defect in clotting mechanism, most investigators are agreed that the presence of only one kidney or an uncooperative patient are absolute contraindications to renal biopsy. The renal biopsy is primarily, at present, an additional and most useful investigative tool in the elucidation of the pathogenesis, natural history (by serial studies) and effectiveness of specific therapy upon the various renal diseases. It is of practical clinical importance in the selection of those patients with the nephrotic syndrome in whom glucocorticoid therapy is likely to be beneficial or the patient with anuria whose renal lesion is probably reversible with time; and, as a guide to the effectiveness of therapy in patients with pyelonephritis or lupus nephritis. It is not a technique that can be recommended for general or casual use. A classification of the pathohistobogic findings of diffuse glomerulonephritis, patterned after Ellis, is presented and discussed. This classification will be used in the description and discussion of various renal diseases and systemic diseases with associated nephritis in the three subsequent papers.

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