Controlled Study of Electromyographic-Biofeedback (Emg-Bfb) Efficacy for Tension Type Headache in Children and Adolescents: Results at one Year Follow-up

Although tension-type headaches are more common than migraine in children and adolescents, the limited studies that have been conducted with juveniles have focused chiefly on migraine treatment and its course. This report describes the clinical benefits for an electromyographic biofeedback-assisted relaxation treatment program for a group of children and adolescents experiencing episodic tension-type headache and examines whether the clinical presentation changed for headaches that remained. Of the 54 consecutive juveniles who began treatment, 38 completed and were available to participate in the 3-year follow-up. Headaches improved measurably immediately following treatment, with further gains being evident through 3 years. The few headaches that did occur at 3 years were nearly identical symptom-for-symptom to those that were experienced prior to treatment. This report suggests that behavioural treatment is a viable and durable intervention for juvenile episodic tension-type headache, but more definitive claims cannot be made due to the uncontrolled nature of the study. Further investigation is warranted.

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Changing Headache from Preschool Age to Puberty. A Controlled Study

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1111/j.1468-2982.2007.01277.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 294-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

R Virtanen ◽

M Aromaa ◽

P Rautava ◽

L Metsähonkala ◽

P Anttila ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Headache ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

Preschool Age ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Abdominal Symptoms ◽

Common Location ◽

Headache Type ◽

Type Headache ◽

Pain Localization

The characteristics of disturbing primary headache and the occurrence of headache types were studied by sending a questionnaire to 1132 Finnish families of 6-year-old children. Children with headache in the preceding 6 months and their controls were clinically examined at the ages of 6 and 13. During the follow-up, half of the headaches, classified as migraine at age 6 years, were unchanged and 32% turned into tension-type headache. In children with tension-type headache, the situation was unchanged in 35%, and in 38% of children the headache type had changed to migraine. At preschool age the most common location of headache was bilateral and supraorbital, and at puberty bilateral and temporal. During the follow-up, symptoms concurrent with headache, such as odour phobia, dizziness and balance disturbances became more typical, whereas restlessness, flushing and abdominal symptoms became less marked. The early manifestation of both migraine and tension-type headache predict equally often migraine in puberty with marked changes in concurrent symptoms and pain localization.

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Psychosocial factors in children and adolescents with migraine and tension-type headache: a controlled study and review of the literature

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1046/j.1468-2982.1999.1901032.x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 32-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A Karwautz ◽

C Wober ◽

T Lang ◽

A Bock ◽

C Wagner-Ennsgraber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Psychosocial Factors ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Type Headache

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Efficacy of strength training on tension-type headache: A randomised controlled study

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1177/0333102417722521 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 1071-1080 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Bjarne K Madsen ◽

Karen Søgaard ◽

Lars L Andersen ◽

Birte Tornøe ◽

Rigmor H Jensen

Keyword(s):

Neck Pain ◽

Strength Training ◽

Training Group ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Type Headache ◽

Randomised Controlled

Background Strength training has shown effects in reducing neck pain. As neck pain is highly prevalent in tension-type headache (TTH), it is relevant to examine the effect of strength training of the shoulder muscles on TTH patients. Aim To examine the effect of strength training of the shoulder/neck muscles on TTH frequency and duration. Methods Sixty patients with TTH were randomised into strength training or a control group. The strength training group trained ten weeks with elastic resistance bands. The control group performed ergonomic and posture correction. Efficacy was evaluated at follow-up after 19–22 weeks. Results Twenty-three patients completed strength training and 21 completed ergonomic and posture correction (per-protocol). No between-group effect was detected, but within groups numerical reductions were noted in both groups from baseline to follow-up. Frequency of TTH in the strength training group decreased by 11% ( P = 0.041) and duration decreased by10% ( P = 0.036), while the ergonomic and posture correction group showed a significant reduction in frequency of 24% ( P = 0.0033) and a decrease in duration of 27% ( P = 0.041). Conclusion No significant difference between the groups was found and the within-group effects did not reach clinical significance. Combining all the elements into a multifaceted intervention could prove more useful and should be further explored in future studies. Clinical trials registration number NCT02984826

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Psychosocial Factors in Children and Adolescents with Migraine and Tension-Type Headache: A Controlled Study and Review of the Literature

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1111/j.1468-2982.1999.1901032.x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 32-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

A Karwautz ◽

C Wöber ◽

T Lang ◽

A Böck ◽

C Wagner-Ennsgraber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Psychosocial Factors ◽

Peer Relations ◽

Peer Group ◽

International Headache Society ◽

Study Groups ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Housing Conditions ◽

Type Headache

We investigated 341 children and adolescents to evaluate the relevance of psychosocial factors in idiopathic headache. According to the criteria of the International Headache Society, 151 subjects had migraine and 94 had tension-type headache (TTH). Ninety-six subjects were headache-free controls. Psychosocial factors covered family and housing conditions, school problems, relations in the peer group, and several other items. We found that migraine patients did not differ from headache-free controls. Patients with TTH more often had divorced parents than the headache-free controls, and they had fewer peer relations than migraineurs and controls. In addition, migraine patients were significantly more often absent from school due to headache. All other psychosocial factors failed to discriminate between the three study groups. In conclusion, this controlled study in children and adolescents suggests that migraine is not related to family and housing conditions, school situation, or peer relations, whereas TTH is associated with a higher rate of divorced parents and fewer peer relations.

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Migrainous disorder and headache of the tension-type not fulfilling the criteria: a follow-up study in children and adolescents

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1111/j.1468-2982.2000.00090.x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

pp. 611-616 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

K Zebenholzer ◽

C Wöber ◽

C Kienbacher ◽

Ç Wöber-Bingöl

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Diagnostic Criteria ◽

Migraine Without Aura ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Ihs Criteria ◽

Type Headache

In this follow-up study in children and adolescents with recurrent headaches classified as migrainous disorder (IHS 1.7) and headache of the tension-type not fulfilling the criteria (IHS 2.3), 28.6% were headache-free and 71.4% still had headaches 2-5 years after the first examination. The majority remained in the same one-digit IHS diagnosis, whereas 20% changed from migraine to tension-type headache or vice versa. The number of IHS criteria fulfilled increased significantly from the first to the second examination. The reason for diagnosing IHS 1.7 and IHS 2.3 most often was a short headache duration or headache characteristics not meeting the criteria. By reducing the minimum headache duration to 1 h, 11 of 58 patients could be diagnosed as migraine without aura. There was a remarkable overlap in the diagnostic criteria for migraine without aura and tension-type headache. In IHS 1.7 and IHS 2.3 this overlap exceeded 80%, with a trend to decrease at the second examination.

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Clinical Features, Classification and Prognosis of Migraine and Tension-Type Headache in Children and Adolescents: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1111/j.1468-2982.2006.01108.x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 26 (7) ◽

pp. 820-830 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

C Kienbacher ◽

C Wöber ◽

HE Zesch ◽

A Hafferl-Gattermayer ◽

M Posch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

Initial Diagnosis ◽

Headache Centre ◽

Headache Onset ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Type Headache

We performed a long-term follow-up examination in children and adolescents with migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) in order to investigate the evolution of clinical features and headache diagnoses, to compare International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD)-I and ICHD-II criteria and to identify prognostic factors. We re-examined 227 patients (52.4± female, age 17.6 ± 3.1 years) 6.6 ± 1.6 years after their first presentation to a headache centre using identical semistructured questionnaires. Of 140 patients initially diagnosed with migraine, 25.7± were headache free, 48.6± still had migraine and 25.7± had TTH at follow-up. Of 87 patients with TTH, 37.9± were headache free, 41.4± still had TTH and 20.7± had migraine. The number of subjects with definite migraine was higher in ICHD-II than in ICHD-I at baseline and at follow-up. The likelihood of a decrease in headache frequency decreased with a changing headache location at baseline ( P < 0.0001), with the time between baseline and follow-up ( P = 0.0019), and with an initial diagnosis of migraine ( P = 0.014). Female gender and a longer time between headache onset and first examination tended to have an unfavourable impact. In conclusion, 30± of the children and adolescents presenting to a headache centre because of migraine or TTH become headache-free in the long-term. Another 20–25± shift from migraine to TTH or vice versa. ICHD-II criteria are superior to those of ICHD-I in identifying definite migraine in children and adolescents presenting to a headache centre. The prognosis is adversely affected by an initial diagnosis of migraine and by changing headache location, and it tends to be affected by an increasing time between headache onset and first presentation.

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Liver-function tests in children and adolescents on antipsychotics: a one-year follow-up study

10.26226/morressier.5785edd1d462b80296c9a2b2 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Inmaculada Baeza Pertegaz

Keyword(s):

Liver Function ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Liver Function Tests ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Function Tests ◽

One Year

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Global Burden of Headache Disorders in Children and Adolescents 2007–2017

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18010250 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 250

Author(s):

Matilde Leonardi ◽

Licia Grazzi ◽

Domenico D’Amico ◽

Paolo Martelletti ◽

Erika Guastafierro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

Global Burden ◽

Specific Information ◽

Headache Disorders ◽

Substantial Impact ◽

Public Health Policies ◽

School Activities ◽

Type Headache ◽

Years Lived With Disability

Headache disorders are prevalent and disabling conditions impacting on people of all ages, including children and adolescents with substantial impact on their school activities and leisure time. Our study aims to report specific information on headaches in children and adolescents based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, that provides estimates for incidence, prevalence, fatal and non-fatal outcomes. We relied on 2007 and 2017 GBD estimates for prevalence and Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) at the global level and in WHO regions. The results show that, migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) together account for 37.5% of all-cause prevalence and for 7% of all-cause YLDs. Over the past decade, prevalence rates showed a mild increase of TTH in all ages and of migraine alone for adolescents. The YLDs increased among females of all ages with some regional differences that might be connected to the unequal availability of effective acute and prophylactic treatments across world regions. GBD data support the need to promote public health policies and strategies including diagnosis, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments that are expected to help reduce the disability and burden associated to migraine and TTH among children and adolescents.

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Behavioural Management of Headache Triggers: Three Case Examples Illustrating a New Effective Approach (Learning to Cope with Triggers)

Behaviour Change ◽

10.1017/bec.2015.8 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 202-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Paul R. Martin ◽

Moira Callan ◽

Archana Kaur ◽

Karen Gregg

Keyword(s):

Traditional Approach ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Case Examples ◽

Medication Consumption ◽

Alternative Approach ◽

Treatment Changes ◽

Type Headache ◽

Behavioural Management

The traditional approach to headache trigger management is to advise avoidance of all triggers, but we have advocated an alternative approach called ‘Learning to Cope with Triggers’ (LCT), in which the objective is to desensitise headache sufferers to some triggers or to build up tolerance for the triggers, using exposure techniques. A recent publication established the efficacy of this approach to trigger management. Reported here are three cases to illustrate how LCT is used in practice. Two cases were male and one was female, with ages ranging from 32 to 67 years. The headache diagnoses were frequent episodic tension-type headache, migraine without aura, and chronic tension-type headache; all had had headaches since childhood/adolescence. The headache triggers that were the focus of the intervention were heat, tiredness, and stress/anger. Post-treatment, changes in the capacity of the triggers to elicit headaches were reported in all three cases. Reductions in headaches from pre- to post-treatment, and from pre- to 4-month follow-up, were: case 1, 69% and 60% respectively; case 2, 76% and 80% respectively; and case 3, 73% and 61% respectively. Decreases in medication consumption, and enhanced self-efficacy were also recorded.

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