Field Performance of Chip Seals for Pavement Preservation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Vargas-Nordcbeck
Keyword(s):  
Functional Performance ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Pavement Preservation ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Pavement Deterioration ◽  
Chip Seals ◽  
Granular Base ◽  
Heavy Loads ◽  
Lane County

Over time, new pavements deteriorate due to the effect of traffic loads and the environment. If appropriate treatments are applied during the early stages of deterioration, it is possible to extend the service life of the pavement without incurring in costly rehabilitation or reconstruction activities. Chip seals are preservation treatments that can help protect the pavement structure, reduce the rate of pavement deterioration, improve skid resistance, and address minor surface problems. As part of the National Center for Asphalt Technology Pavement Preservation Study, chip seal test sections were placed in a low traffic volume road (Lee County Road 159) in Auburn, Alabama. The location consists of a two-lane county road that provides dead end access to a quarry and an asphalt plant, resulting in a high percentage of heavy loads. At the time of treatment, the existing pavement was 14 years old and consisted of a 5.5 in. hot-mix asphalt layer over a 6.0 in. granular base. Treatments were applied in the summer of 2012 and have been in service for approximately 4.5 years. During this time, cracking, roughness, rutting, and macrotexture data were collected weekly to evaluate pavement performance. The results determined that the performance of the treated sections is highly dependent on the initial condition of the pavement, particularly the percentage of area cracked. Pavements that are treated while still in good condition tend to remain in that category for a longer time. Macrotexture may also be used to evaluate the functional performance of the chip seals.

Life-Extending Benefit of Crack Sealing for Pavement Preservation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (1) ◽  
pp. 272-281
Author(s):  
Adriana Vargas-Nordcbeck ◽  
Farhang Jalali
Keyword(s):  
Good Condition ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Pretreatment Condition ◽  
Pavement Preservation ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Crack Sealing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Parametric Survival

Crack sealing and filling is used as a pavement preservation treatment to prevent water infiltration and loss of load-carrying capacity, hence extending the life of the pavement. This study used field performance data of test sections from the Pavement Preservation Group (PG) Study being conducted in part by the National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT). Data from test sections located in a low traffic volume road with a hot, wet, no-freeze climate collected over a period of more than 6 years were used to evaluate the effect of crack sealing and filling, either as a stand-alone treatment or in combination with other surface treatments. A semi-parametric survival analysis was performed to determine the difference in median time to failure (MTTF) for sections with and without crack sealing. The results showed that when used as a stand-alone treatment on a pavement in “good” condition, the life-extending benefit from crack sealing/filling could not be calculated for the selected analysis period because the MTTF would not be reached within 10 years. The estimated benefit for pavements in “fair” and “poor” condition ranged from 1.1 to 7.3 years, depending on pretreatment condition and travel lane. If used in combination with a chip seal, the additional life-extending benefit for a pavement in “good” condition is approximately 2 years, and is slightly decreased to approximately 1.5 years if the pavement is in “fair” to “poor” category. Test sections continue to be monitored as part of a broader long-term study.

Performance of Chip Seal Treatments in Two Different Climatic Regions

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (12) ◽  
pp. 728-736
Author(s):  
Adriana Vargas-Nordcbeck ◽  
Michael C. Vrtis ◽  
Benjamin Worel
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
International Roughness Index ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Pavement Preservation ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Traffic Loads ◽  
Pavement Deterioration ◽  
Chip Seal ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Chip Seals

Over time, new pavements deteriorate because of the effect of traffic loads and the environment. Pavement preservation treatments, such as chip seals, are a cost-effective alternative for extending the service life of the pavement without incurring in costly rehabilitation or reconstruction activities. Chip seals are preservation treatments that can help protect the pavement structure, reduce the rate of pavement deterioration, improve skid resistance, and address minor surface problems. As part of the National Center for Asphalt Technology and Minnesota Road Research Facility Pavement Preservation Study, chip seal test sections were placed on low-traffic-volume roads in Alabama and Minnesota. The two locations were selected to represent different climate conditions. Lee County Road 159 in Auburn, Alabama, is subjected to warm, wet, no-freeze climate, while County State Aid Highway (CSAH 8) is located in a cold, wet, freeze area in Pease, Minnesota. Treatments have been in service for approximately 6 years in the southern sections, and 2 years in the northern sections. During this time, cracking, roughness, rutting, and macrotexture data were collected periodically to evaluate pavement performance. The results determined that cracking is a predominant form of distress for these treatments. While the treatments are not expected to address rutting or roughness, the results indicated little variation in the case of the southern treatments, and an increasing trend in international roughness index in the northern sections, likely related to the appearance of thermal cracking. Macrotexture data may be used to assess the functional life of the treatments.

Structural Performance of Sections Treated with Thin Overlays for Pavement Preservation

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812199781
Author(s):  
Md Rahman ◽  
Adriana Vargas-Nordcbeck
Keyword(s):  
Functional Performance ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Structural Capacity ◽  
Control Section ◽  
Falling Weight

Over the last decades, increased efforts have been made to identify cost-effective alternatives to achieve a longer pavement life by applying preservation treatments. The application of thin overlays to restore the surface condition of the pavement is widely practiced across the United States. Benefits include a long service life, a better riding surface, reduced noise, grade and slope geometry preservation, recyclability, and fewer maintenance regimes. Although thin overlays can provide significant improvements in both the immediate and long-term functional performance of the pavement, there is little information on how these treatments affect the structural performance of pavements. Although not expected to significantly improve structural capacity, thin overlays may be able to maintain a structurally sound pavement in good condition for longer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the structural performance of pavements treated with thin overlays as a preservation technique. To accomplish this objective, falling weight deflectometer and field performance data from six full-scale thin overlay test sections and a control section with high cracking were collected and analyzed over a period of nearly 8 years. The results indicated that, based on deflection basin parameters (DBPs), the treated sections had better performance and were projected to reach the “warning” zone much later than the untreated sections. The observed surface condition correlated well with these parameters as, in general, sections with higher DBPs also exhibited more cracking and rutting. The test sections continue to be monitored to fully quantify the extent of the structural benefit obtained from the treatments.

Development of Emulsion Residue Testing Framework for Improved Chip Seal Performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 2293 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Hanz ◽  
Petrina Johannes ◽  
Hussain U. Bahia
Keyword(s):  
Test Methods ◽  
Pavement Preservation ◽  
Testing Framework ◽  
State Highway ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
Chip Seal ◽  
Chip Seals ◽  
And Performance ◽  
State Highway Agencies ◽  
The Relationship

To promote sustainability and optimize funding, state highway agencies are integrating pavement preservation strategies into the management of their roadway networks. Chip seals, a prominent pavement preservation alternative, are traditionally being used on low-volume roads with success in many states. However, as advancements in emulsion formulations continue and the use of chip seals on medium- and high-traffic facilities becomes more prevalent, there is a need to improve the methods to select and specify chip seal emulsions. The objective of this study was to develop an emulsion testing framework that captured properties related to critical distresses observed for in-service chip seals and considered the effects of traffic, environment, and aging. The proposed testing framework recommended the use of the dynamic shear rheometer and bitumen bond strength test to evaluate high-, intermediate-, and low-temperature performance. The testing protocols were applied to recovered and pressure aging vessel–aged emulsion residues from six emulsions widely used in Wisconsin, which included two emulsifier chemistries and two types of modification. The base binders before emulsification were also tested to assess the effects of the emulsification process. Results indicated that the proposed test methods could characterize material performance and differentiate between emulsion types and types of modification; however, additional research is needed to establish the relationship between laboratory-measured residue properties and performance of the full chip seal.

Performance evaluation of fog seals on chip seals and verification of fog seal field tests

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 872-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Hyuk Im ◽  
Y. Richard Kim
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Pavement Preservation ◽  
The North ◽  
Chip Seal ◽  
Highway Network ◽  
Chip Seals

With an increasing emphasis on pavement preservation treatments due to economic concerns over the high costs of paving materials, one of the most cost-effective pavement preservation treatments, chip seals, now constitutes a significant proportion of the pavement preservation treatments used in the North Carolina highway network. To mitigate a major problem with chip seals, i.e., the loose aggregate particles, fog seals, which are composed of an emulsified product placed on top of the chip seal, can be used to help control the loose aggregate. For this study, fog seals were applied on top of newly fabricated chip. The surface texture of the fog-sealed chip seals was analyzed using the British pendulum test and a three-dimensional laser. Also, fog seal field test methods that were developed to suggest appropriate traffic opening times after fog seal construction were verified. The main findings presented in this paper are that: (i) the use of polymer-modified emulsions improves fog seal performance in terms of better aggregate retention and bleeding resistance; (ii) the skid resistance problems are not evident once the fog seal is applied on the recommended chip seal type; (iii) the relationship between skid number and mean profile depth can be determined based on three trends that are dependent on traffic loadings, and (iv) although the fog seal field tests were unable to be completed due to safety concerns, it can nonetheless be recommended that approximately 60 min after fog seal construction is an appropriate traffic opening time.

The use of wide-flange shapes in transmission towers

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
Murty K. S. Madugula ◽  
Gupta S. R. Davalath ◽  
V. L. Rea
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Transmission Tower ◽  
Electrical Transmission ◽  
Transmission Towers ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Heavy Loads ◽  
Extra High Voltage ◽  
Ultra High Voltage

The members of self-supporting latticed electrical transmission towers customarily consist of rolled angle sections. Nowadays, with transmission voltages in the extra-high-voltage and ultra-high-voltage ranges, the leg members are required to carry very heavy loads, especially in the case of heavy angle and anchor towers. Results of a study carried out on wide-flange shapes, to investigate their suitability as alternative sections to welded and built-up angles, are presented. The world's first transmission tower that has wide-flange shapes for legs and arms, Ontario Hydro's 500-kV double circuit heavy angle dead end tower type V6H, is described.

Quantifying the pavement preservation value of chip seals

2014 ◽  
pp. 1611-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Zeinali ◽  
Phillip Blankenship ◽  
Kamyar Mahboub
Keyword(s):  
Pavement Preservation ◽  
Chip Seals ◽  
Preservation Value

Life-Extending Benefit of Chip Sealing for Pavement Preservation

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812198972
Author(s):  
Farhang Jalali ◽  
Adriana Vargas-Nordcbeck
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Multilayer Systems ◽  
Pretreatment Condition ◽  
Pavement Preservation ◽  
Chip Seal ◽  
Chip Seals

Chip seals are effective pavement preservation treatments that are usually applied to address non-fatigue cracking, weathering, and raveling, to seal the surface, to delay oxidation, and, finally, to improve skid resistance. This study used field performance data of test sections from the Pavement Preservation Group Study being conducted by the National Center for Asphalt Technology and the Minnesota DOT’s Road Research Facility. Data from test sections located in a low-traffic-volume road with a hot, wet, no-freeze climate collected over a period of 7 years were used to evaluate the effect of several chip seal treatments. Treatments range from single layer to multilayer systems, and include different construction techniques such as rejuvenating scrub seal and fiber membrane. Also, a section was crack sealed before the application of a single layer chip seal to assess the benefits. A semi-parametric survival analysis was performed to determine the differences in median time to failure (MTTF) for different chip seal sections versus a controlled section—representing a “do-nothing” scenario. The results showed that the MTTF for a single layer chip seal ranges from 6.8 to 9.1 years depending on the pretreatment condition. Crack sealing before chip seal could extend the MTTF by an additional 1–3 years, depending on initial conditions. Double and triple layer chip seals extend the MTTF beyond 10 years. Finally, the scrub seal provided the highest benefits, with survival rates close to 100% after 10 years of performance.

Canadian experience with the micro-Deval test for aggregates

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Canadian Experience ◽  
Predicting Performance ◽  
Granular Base

AbstractSeveral aggregate test methods used in evaluating the mechanical strength and predicting the performance of aggregate have been in use since the 1930s. Today there is a need for precise tests that have a demonstrated correlation with field performance. The micro-Deval test has good multi-laboratory precision and is a suitable replacement for the sulphate soundness test for fine aggregate. A micro-Deval test on coarse aggregate is a useful means of predicting performance of aggregate in concrete, bituminous pavement and as granular base.

Manual for Emulsion-Based Chip Seals for Pavement Preservation

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Shuler ◽  
Amy Epps-Martin ◽  
Anthony Lord ◽  
Denise Hoyt ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pavement Preservation ◽  
Chip Seals
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