Development of Operating Mode Distribution Models for Light-Duty Vehicles on Unrestricted Access Roadways

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (10) ◽  
pp. 416-428
Author(s):  
Jia Li ◽  
Hanhui He ◽  
Bo Peng
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Trajectory Data ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
The Real ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Unrestricted Access ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles

The key correlating traffic variable for modeling vehicle emissions has evolved from average speed to vehicle-specific power (VSP), and recently to operating mode as defined in Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES). The analysis of operating mode and its distribution, however, requires a large amount of data and is time consuming and challenging. This paper attempts to build models between the operating mode distributions and the common traffic variable—average speed—to facilitate the emission estimation. Focusing on light-duty vehicles and unrestricted access roadways, a floating car survey was conducted separately on arterials and collectors in Shaoshan, China. The trajectory data were processed to reveal the characteristics of operating mode distributions. A key finding is that, when the data points of the operating mode of idle are excluded, the VSP distributions of the remaining data points follow logistic distributions and the parameters can be linearly regressed with the average speed. Arterials and collectors feature different operating mode distributions even at the same average speed, and therefore different models were developed. The models were then applied to generate operating mode distributions, which were validated with the real-world data from the test bed and which, when compared with the default values generated by MOVES, fit the real-world condition better.

Analysis of emissions from various driving cycles based on real driving measurements obtained in a high-altitude city

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (6) ◽  
pp. 1563-1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Lyu ◽  
Xiaofeng Bao ◽  
Yunjing Wang ◽  
Ronald Matthews
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Real World ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Test Cycle ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
And Control ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles

Vehicle emissions standards and regulations remain weak in high-altitude regions. In this study, vehicle emissions from both the New European Driving Cycle and the Worldwide harmonized Light-duty driving Test Cycle were analyzed by employing on-road test data collected from typical roads in a high-altitude city. On-road measurements were conducted on five light-duty vehicles using a portable emissions measurement system. The certification cycle parameters were synthesized from real-world driving data using the vehicle specific power methodology. The analysis revealed that under real-world driving conditions, all emissions were generally higher than the estimated values for both the New European Driving Cycle and Worldwide harmonized Light-duty driving Test Cycle. Concerning emissions standards, more CO, NOx, and hydrocarbons were emitted by China 3 vehicles than by China 4 vehicles, whereas the CO2 emissions exhibited interesting trends with vehicle displacement and emissions standards. These results have potential implications for policymakers in regard to vehicle emissions management and control strategies aimed at emissions reduction, fleet inspection, and maintenance programs.

Analysis of Driving Cycles for Emission Test of Light-Duty Vehicles in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 616-618 ◽  
pp. 1154-1160
Author(s):  
Jin Lin Xue
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
The Real ◽  
Driving Behaviors ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Driving Pattern ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles ◽  
The Impact

The driving cycles employed to measure the emissions from automotive vehicles should adequately represent the real-world driving pattern of the vehicle to provide the most realistic estimation of emissions levels. The driving cycles used for light-duty gasoline engine vehicles in China were reviewed in this paper firstly. Then the impact of various factors, such as driving behaviors, driving conditions, road conditions, traffic conditions, on real-world emission levels were analyzed. Finally, the shortages of the existing driving cycles were pointed out. It can be concluded that the emissions levels from automotive vehicles are underestimated because of the characteristics of the existing drive cycles, so it is urgent to research and develop new driving cycles to fit the situation of China.

scholarly journals Estimation of Real-World Fuel Consumption Rate of Light-Duty Vehicles Based on the Records Reported by Vehicle Owners

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7915
Author(s):  
Isabella Yunfei Zeng ◽  
Shiqi Tan ◽  
Jianliang Xiong ◽  
Xuesong Ding ◽  
Yawen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Real World ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
The Real ◽  
Fuel Consumption Rate ◽  
Light Gradient ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles ◽  
Engine Power

Private vehicle travel is the most basic mode of transportation, so that an effective way to control the real-world fuel consumption rate of light-duty vehicles plays a vital role in promoting sustainable economic growth as well as achieving a green low-carbon society. Therefore, the factors impacting individual carbon emissions must be elucidated. This study builds five different models to estimate the real-world fuel consumption rate of light-duty vehicles in China. The results reveal that the light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) model performs better than the linear regression, naïve Bayes regression, neural network regression, and decision tree regression models, with a mean absolute error of 0.911 L/100 km, a mean absolute percentage error of 10.4%, a mean square error of 1.536, and an R-squared (R2) value of 0.642. This study also assesses a large pool of potential factors affecting real-world fuel consumption, from which the three most important factors are extracted, namely, reference fuel-consumption-rate value, engine power, and light-duty vehicle brand. Furthermore, a comparative analysis reveals that the vehicle factors with the greatest impact are the vehicle brand, engine power, and engine displacement. The average air pressure, average temperature, and sunshine time are the three most important climate factors.

Impact factors of the real-world fuel consumption rate of light duty vehicles in China

Energy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 116388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Wu ◽  
Xiao Han ◽  
M. Mocarlo Zheng ◽  
Xunmin Ou ◽  
Hongbo Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Real World ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
The Real ◽  
Fuel Consumption Rate ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles

Measurement and Evaluation of Real-World Speed and Acceleration Activity Envelopes for Light-Duty Vehicles

2015 ◽  
Vol 2503 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Liu ◽  
H. Christopher Frey
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Vehicle Type ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Road Grade ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle ◽  
Curb Weight ◽  
Vehicle Activity ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles

Accurate estimation of vehicle activity is critically important for the accurate estimation of emissions. To provide a benchmark for estimation of vehicle speed trajectories such as those from traffic simulation models, this paper demonstrates a method for quantifying light-duty vehicle activity envelopes based on real-world activity data for 100 light-duty vehicles, including conventional passenger cars, passenger trucks, and hybrid electric vehicles. The vehicle activity envelope was quanti-fied in the 95% frequency range of acceleration for each of 15 speed bins with intervals of 5 mph and a speed bin for greater than 75 mph. Potential factors affecting the activity envelope were evaluated; these factors included vehicle type, transmission type, road grade, engine displacement, engine horsepower, curb weight, and ratio of horsepower to curb weight. The activity envelope was wider for speeds ranging from 5 to 20 mph and narrowed as speed increased. The latter was consistent with a constraint on maximum achievable engine power demand. The envelope was weakly sensitive to factors such as type of vehicle, type of transmission, road grade, and engine horsepower. The effect of road grade on cycle average emissions rates was evaluated for selected real-word cycles. The measured activity envelope was compared with those of dynamometer driving cycles, such as the federal test procedure, highway fuel economy test, SC03, and US06 cycles. The effect of intervehicle variability on the activity envelope was minor; this factor implied that the envelope could be quantified based on a smaller vehicle sample than used for this study.

Evaluating the Ability of Global Positioning System Receivers to Measure a Real-World Operating Mode for Emissions Research

2005 ◽  
Vol 1941 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Jackson ◽  
Lisa Aultman-Hall ◽  
Britt A. Holmén ◽  
Jianhe Du
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Real World ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Gps Receivers ◽  
The Real ◽  
Acceleration Data ◽  
Global Positioning

This paper evaluates the ability of Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers to determine accurately the second-by-second operating mode of a vehicle in the real-world transportation network. GPS offers the ability to obtain second-by-second velocity directly and to obtain acceleration data indirectly from a vehicle traveling in the real-world traffic network. Although GPS has been used successfully in travel behavior and route choice surveys, the uncertainty in accuracy of velocity and acceleration data obtained from the GPS warrants further investigation to gain a better understanding of the range and spatial distribution of vehicle emissions. In this study, data from two GPS receivers and a ScanTool were collected over five repetitions of a 65-mi route. The results indicate that GPS receivers perform as well as the ScanTool when measuring velocity. Furthermore, the GPS receivers determined the 1-s operating mode of the vehicle successfully when measured against the ScanTool. These results will aid in the future development of vehicle emissions models and allow for an analysis of real-world emissions based on real-world operating mode data.

scholarly journals Real-world performance of catalytic converters

2005 ◽  
Vol 219 (7) ◽  
pp. 881-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Samuel ◽  
D Morrey ◽  
M Fowkes ◽  
D H C Taylor ◽  
C P Garner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Real World ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Catalytic Converters ◽  
Passenger Vehicle ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
The Real ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Car Driving

This paper investigates experimentally the performance of a three-way catalytic (TWC) converter for real-world passenger car driving in the United Kingdom. A systematic approach is followed for the analysis using a Euro-IV vehicle coupled with a TWC converter. The analysis shows that the real-world performance of TWC converters is significantly different from the performance established on legislative test cycles. It is identified that a light-duty passenger vehicle certified for Euro-IV emissions reaches the gross polluting threshold limits during real-world driving conditions. This result is shown to have implications for overall emission levels and the use of remote emissions sensing and on-board diagnostics (OBD) systems.

Emissions of Light-Duty Vehicles with Respect to Cruising Speed under Real-World Driving Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
pp. 04015004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector E. Carrera ◽  
Jessica Portillo ◽  
Gerardo M. Mejia ◽  
Alberto Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Driving Conditions ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles

Virtual Teach Pendant Interface for Android Cellphones (VTPAC)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia A. Ferri ◽  
Scott E. Walter ◽  
Asiri Tennakoon ◽  
Ana M. Djuric
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Academic Programs ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
The Real ◽  
Safe Environment ◽  
Kinematic Theory ◽  
Driver's License ◽  
Security Operations

The objective of this research is to develop a Virtual Teach Pendant for Android Cellphones (VTPAC) that is able to communicate with the robot model in the Visual Components software ⌈1⌉ ⌈2⌉. The VTPAC is a force multiplier that allows users to gain valuable teach pendant experience in labs with few robots, and makes the actual real-world robot time more valuable. It is also like a graduated driver’s license where the student must prove some proficiency with the VTPAC before being allowed to get behind the wheel. The VTPAC will be used to operate the real robot system too and will allow people to be trained without using real robotic systems in very safe environment. The VTPAC can be used for industrial training and can be integrated in the academic programs, especially for online courses. In this research, the Fanuc LR Mate 200iC robot and the Visual Components software have been selected as a case study. These choices were made because of the easy access to the Fanuc LR Mate 200iC and this interface by reason of it can control the robot the same way as the Teach Pendant in the real world. Using the robot kinematic theory to understand the Teach Pendant commands, the code was developed such that it respects the operating mode of the robot and all the security operations needed. For the VTPAC development we used Python to communicate with the Visual Components software to work as a client for the software. This can allow users to utilize its own cellphone as the teach pendant and the software as the robot, having a more real experience in a safe environment. The VTPAC has been implemented and tested successfully.

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