Real-world performance of catalytic converters

This paper investigates experimentally the performance of a three-way catalytic (TWC) converter for real-world passenger car driving in the United Kingdom. A systematic approach is followed for the analysis using a Euro-IV vehicle coupled with a TWC converter. The analysis shows that the real-world performance of TWC converters is significantly different from the performance established on legislative test cycles. It is identified that a light-duty passenger vehicle certified for Euro-IV emissions reaches the gross polluting threshold limits during real-world driving conditions. This result is shown to have implications for overall emission levels and the use of remote emissions sensing and on-board diagnostics (OBD) systems.

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Real-world fuel economy and emission levels of a typical EURO-IV passenger vehicle

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering ◽

10.1243/095440705x28277 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 219 (6) ◽

pp. 833-842 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

S Samuel ◽

D Morrey ◽

M Fowkes ◽

D H C Taylor ◽

L Austin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Monoxide ◽

United Kingdom ◽

Fuel Economy ◽

Real World ◽

Passenger Vehicle ◽

Passenger Car ◽

The Real ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Driving Conditions ◽

The Uk

This paper presents the findings of research into real-world emission levels of a typical EURO-IV passenger car in the United Kingdom (UK). Four real-world drive cycles representing typical urban driving in the UK were used for the experiments. The work identified that the real-world emission levels of a EURO-IV vehicle in the UK are significantly higher than the certified legislative emission levels. The present work also identified that tailpipe-out carbon monoxide is the most affected emission specie in a gasoline-powered vehicle for real-world driving conditions.

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Upper limb activity of twenty myoelectric prosthesis users and twenty healthy anatomically intact adults

Scientific Data ◽

10.1038/s41597-019-0211-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alix Chadwell ◽

Laurence Kenney ◽

Malcolm Granat ◽

Sibylle Thies ◽

Adam Galpin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Upper Limb ◽

Real World ◽

Count Data ◽

Activity Count ◽

Myoelectric Prosthesis ◽

The Real ◽

Working Adults ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Data Files

Abstract The upper limb activity of twenty unilateral upper limb myoelectric prosthesis users and twenty anatomically intact adults were recorded over a 7-day period using two wrist worn accelerometers (Actigraph, LLC). This dataset reflects the real-world activities of the participants during their normal day-to-day routines. Participants included students, working adults, and retirees recruited from across the United Kingdom. This dataset offers a potential wealth of knowledge into a poorly understood cohort. The raw unprocessed data files and the activity count data exported from the Actilife software are provided. We also provide a non-wear algorithm developed for the removal of prosthesis non-wear periods and resulting activity count data corresponding to prothesis wear periods. Finally, we have included the transposed activity diaries provided by the participants. Analysis to date has primarily involved assessment of the symmetry of upper limb activity, however, there is potential to undertake additional analysis such as understanding the differences in the way a prosthesis is used compared to an anatomical arm.

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Preparing students to competently measure blood pressure in the real-world environment: A comparison between New Zealand and the United Kingdom

Nurse Education in Practice ◽

10.1016/j.nepr.2011.04.009 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 28-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marian Bland ◽

Karen Ousey

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

United Kingdom ◽

New Zealand ◽

Real World ◽

The Real ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Measure Blood Pressure ◽

World Environment

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Index Numbers of the Real Product of the United Kingdom

Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (General) ◽

10.2307/2981112 ◽

1952 ◽

Vol 115 (1) ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

C. F. Carter

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Index Numbers ◽

The Real ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Real Product

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Sacubitril/Valsartan for Heart Failure: Exciting Times but Are Doctors Informed and Ready?

International Cardiovascular Forum Journal ◽

10.17987/icfj.v12i0.464 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Prithwish Banerjee

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

United Kingdom ◽

Real World ◽

Technology Appraisal ◽

The United Kingdom

Sacubitril/Valsartan in now being prescribed by heart failure/cardiology teams across the United Kingdom following the publication of the NICE technology appraisal guidance but is everyone ready for it? This article discusses the practical aspects of what to do and not to do in relation to the drug based on real world experience from our centre.

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A working-class artist is something to be

Journal of Class & Culture ◽

10.1386/jclc_00004_1 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 47-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kenn Taylor

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Working Class ◽

Cultural Production ◽

Real Power ◽

The Real ◽

Working Classes ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Cultural Life ◽

Rightful Place ◽

Cultural Sector

The creative and cultural sectors in the United Kingdom largely exclude the working classes. Even the small number of working-class people who do ‘make it’ into these sectors often find themselves and their work badly treated by those who hold the real power. This article explores some of the experiences of working-class artists navigating the cultural sector and how exclusion, prejudice and precarity impacted and continue to impact them. It takes as its focus the filmmaker Alan Clarke and the playwright Andrea Dunbar, who were at the height of their success in the 1980s. It also considers the writers Darren McGarvey and Nathalie Olah, whose work has achieved prominence in recent years. It is through this focus I hope to demonstrate the long continuum of challenges for working-class creatives. This article also considers how, on the occasions when they are allowed the space they deserve, working-class artists have created powerful shifts in cultural production. Finally, it details some of the changes needed for working-class people to be able to take their rightful place in contributing to cultural life and the societal risks involved if they are denied that place.

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