Spatial and Temporal Differences in Weekday Travel Durations Between Private-for-Hire Transportation Services and Transit in the City Center

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110197
Author(s):  
Baxter Shandobil ◽  
Ty Lazarchik ◽  
Kelly Clifton
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Network ◽  
Central City ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
City Center ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Transit Services ◽  
Level Information ◽  
The City

There is increasing evidence that ridehailing and other private-for-hire (PfH) services such as taxis and limousines are diverting trips from transit services. One question that arises is where and when PfH services are filling gaps in transit services and where they are competing with transit services that are publicly subsidized. Using weekday trip-level information for trips originating in or destined for the city center of Portland, OR from PfH transportation services (taxis, transportation network companies, limousines) and transit trip data collected from OpenTripPlanner, this study investigated the temporal and spatial differences in travel durations between actual PfH trips and comparable transit trips (the same origin–destination and time of day). This paper contributes to this question and to a growing body of research about the use of ridehailing and other on-demand services. Specifically, it provides a spatial and temporal analysis of the demand for PfH transportation using an actual census of trips for a given 2 week period. The comparison of trip durations of actual PfH trips to hypothetical transit trips for the same origin–destination pairs into or out of the central city gives insights for policy making around pricing and other regulatory frameworks that could be implemented in time and space.

Vexing Visibilities

2020 ◽  
pp. 139-172
Author(s):  
Bretton White
Keyword(s):  
Central City ◽  
City Center ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Spaces ◽  
Physical Spaces ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Chapter 4 investigates the relationship between fear and perceptibility in the play Chamaco (2006) by Abel González Melo. Using works by queer theorist José Esteban Muñoz, it explores how gay and transvestite characters travel through and manipulate the central city spaces of Havana, most notably the Parque Central, transforming official, celebratory spaces of the nation into concealed meeting places that reveal the true, queer nature of the city. This chapter argues that this play is concerned with the ethereal, and that the transformative possibilities of queer sex—which in this play occur at the periphery of the city center—can encourage a multiplicity of citizenships that extend from the queer throughout the city, and not just at its edges. In Carlos Celdrán’s direction of Chamaco the physical spaces of stage and city are reconstructed by playing with what is visible to the audience and other characters via lighting. Celdrán makes previously “invisible” queer bodies visible by utilizing light as an inclusionary tactic. Further, he challenges ideas about utopia and dystopia, center and margin, hetero- and homonormative by collapsing the public and private spaces of street and home in his staging of the work.

Preparations for Severe Winter Conditions by Emergency Health Personnel in Turkey

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cüneyt Çalışkan ◽  
Aysun Algan ◽  
Hüseyin Koçak ◽  
Burcu Küçük Biçer ◽  
Meltem Şengelen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central City ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Severe Winter ◽  
Educational Training ◽  
City Center ◽  
Ambulance Personnel ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Emergency Medical Personnel ◽  
The City

AbstractObjectiveEmergency and core ambulance personnel work under all environmental conditions, including severe weather condtions. We evaluated emergency medical personnel in Çanakkale, Turkey, for their degree of preparedness.MethodsA descriptive study was conducted in Çanakkale, Turkey, within 112 emergency service units and their 17 district stations. Surveys were developed to measure the level of preparedness for serious winter conditions that individual workers made for themselves, their homes, and their cars.ResultsOf the 167 survey participants, the mean age was 29.8 ± 7.9 years; 52.7% were women; more than half (54.75%) were emergency medical technicians; and 53.3% were married. Only 10.4% of those who heated their homes with natural gas had carbon monoxide detectors. Scores relating to household and individual preparation for severe winter conditions increased by participants’ age (P < .003), being married (P < .000) and working in the city center (P < .021); and for men whose cars were equipped with tow ropes, extra clothing, and snow tires (P < .05). Absenteeism was higher for central-city personnel than district workers because they were less prepared for harsh winter conditions (P = .016).ConclusionMany of the surveyed emergency health personel demonstrated insufficient preparations for serious winter conditions. To increase the safety and efficiency of emergency medical personnel, educational training programs should be rountinely conducted. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-4)

scholarly journals Perpanjangan Lintas Dan Rencana Pola Operasi Kereta Api Lembah Anai Wilayah Divre II Sumatera Barat

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Eka Arista Anggorowati ◽  
Anggun Mega Nurfadhilla ◽  
Ari Widi Wibowo ◽  
Enrico Pria Anggana
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Rail Transportation ◽  
City Center ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Potential Demand ◽  
Business District ◽  
The City ◽  
Center Increase

ABSTRACTThe growing population and the shifting of population movement from the suburbs to the city center will make the demand for rail transportation services to the city center increase. To deal with this problem, it is necessary to study the analysis related to potential demand, the need for the number of facilities and new operating patterns for the extension of railroad relations. The results of the research showed that the potential demand was obtained from the calculation of actual and potential demand, where the actual demand was obtained by carrying out a survey on train from 644 respondents, 85.5% agreed with the extension of the Lembah Anai Railway relation and as many as 88% were willing to choose the train mode. In the potential demand analysis, a stated preference survey was carried out in Pauh District, from 2636 respondents, 86.7% were willing to switch from private vehicles and public transportation to the railroad mode. Based on the analysis of the calculation of facility requirements according to the demand, 1 trainset is ready for operation to accommodate the community to carry out daily mobilization to the center of the Central Business District (CBD) in Padang City.Keywords: Demand, pattern of rail operations, Railway Travel Graph (RTG) ABSTRAK Berkembangnya jumlah penduduk dan semakin bergesernya pergerakan penduduk dari pinggiran kota menuju pusat kota akan membuat semakin meningkatnya jumlah permintaan akan jasa angkutan kereta api sampai menuju pusat kota. Untuk menunjang permasalahan tersebut perlu dikaji analisis terkait potensi demand, kebutuhan jumlah sarana dan pola operasi baru perpanjangan relasi kereta api. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan potensi demand didapatkan dari perhitungan demand aktual dan potensial, dimana demand aktual dilakukan survey on train dari 644 responden 85,5% setuju dengan adanya perpanjangan relasi Kereta Api Lembah Anai dan sebanyak 88% bersedia untuk memilih moda kereta api. Pada analisis demand secara potensial dilakukan survey stated preference di Kecamatan Pauh dari 2636 responden 86,7% bersedia untuk pindah dari moda kendaraan pribadi dan angkutan umum ke moda kereta api. Berdasarkan analisis perhitungan kebutuhan sarana sesuai dengan demand didapatkan 1 trainset Siap Operasi untuk mengakomodir masyarakat melakukan mobilisasi sehari-hari menuju pusat Central Business District (CBD) di Kota Padang.Kata kunci : Demand, kebutuhan sarana, pola operasi kereta api, Grafik Perjalanan Kereta Api (Gapeka)

scholarly journals Application of the urban reconstruction methods in the central city area of Nis

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-138
Author(s):  
Milena Dinic ◽  
Petar Mitkovic ◽  
Jelena Velev ◽  
Ivana Bogdanovic
Keyword(s):  
Central City ◽  
City Center ◽  
Modern City ◽  
City Area ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Complex Procedure ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

The urban reconstruction nowadays is a future of a modern city. The subject of the urban reconstruction is primarily the historical nucleus of the city, as the most attractive urban unit and the city growth generator. That is why the issue of urban reconstruction of the central city area is extremely important. The city nucleus of Nis has undergone numerous transformations during its development from the fortified city, to the town with Oriental characteristics, to the modern city center of the polycentric city. Reconstruction of Nis as a medium-sized city, with the significant role in the system of Serbian center network, is the issue of the strategic importance for the economic development of the country. Considering the cultural and style diversity of the Nis center, the issue of its urban reconstruction is a very complex procedure. The application of the various methods of urban reconstruction, which have been used in the past decade, is demonstrated on three analyzed examples in the central city area of Nis. These methods have been selected in order to activate, improve and revive the central city area. The paper describes the regeneration principles of these areas and investigates whether they are similar to the current trends in the world.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal variations of air pollution over 41 cities of India during the COVID-19 lockdown period

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Prasad Vadrevu ◽  
Aditya Eaturu ◽  
Sumalika Biswas ◽  
Kristofer Lasko ◽  
Saroj Sahu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
City Center ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Vegetation Fires ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
The City

Abstract In this study, we characterize the impacts of COVID-19 on air pollution using NO2 and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) from TROPOMI and MODIS satellite datasets for 41 cities in India. Specifically, our results suggested a 13% NO2 reduction during the lockdown (March 25–May 3rd, 2020) compared to the pre-lockdown (January 1st–March 24th, 2020) period. Also, a 19% reduction in NO2 was observed during the 2020-lockdown as compared to the same period during 2019. The top cities where NO2 reduction occurred were New Delhi (61.74%), Delhi (60.37%), Bangalore (48.25%), Ahmedabad (46.20%), Nagpur (46.13%), Gandhinagar (45.64) and Mumbai (43.08%) with less reduction in coastal cities. The temporal analysis revealed a progressive decrease in NO2 for all seven cities during the 2020 lockdown period. Results also suggested spatial differences, i.e., as the distance from the city center increased, the NO2 levels decreased exponentially. In contrast, to the decreased NO2 observed for most of the cities, we observed an increase in NO2 for cities in Northeast India during the 2020 lockdown period and attribute it to vegetation fires. The NO2 temporal patterns matched the AOD signal; however, the correlations were poor. Overall, our results highlight COVID-19 impacts on NO2, and the results can inform pollution mitigation efforts across different cities of India.

Evaluation of Bus Reliability Measures and Development of a New Composite Indicator

2015 ◽  
Vol 2533 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Gittens ◽  
Amer Shalaby
Keyword(s):  
User Behavior ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Travel Times ◽  
City Center ◽  
Route Length ◽  
Time Buffer ◽  
Stop Spacing ◽  
The City

Reliability is cited as a key aspect of service quality, but many of the indicators in use today do not measure reliability from the user's perspective. A review of earlier work on transit user behavior concluded that the traveler's perspective of reliability was driven by punctuality in arriving at the destination, short waiting times at the origin stop, and consistent wait and travel times. Twenty indicators were assessed, but none were well suited to capturing all of these elements of reliability. A new measure, journey time buffer index (JTBI), was therefore proposed; the index used estimates of wait times at bus stops while capturing variability in wait and travel times that tended to increase the disutility of transit travel. Alternative formulations were developed for short and long headway service, and the new indicator was applied to the London Transit Commission's bus network in London, Ontario, Canada. This procedure demonstrated that the JTBI was better suited to identifying the factors contributing to unreliable service than metrics that focused on a single component of reliability. A linear regression analysis also highlighted that route length, stop spacing, time of day, route orientation relative to the city center, and passenger load all influenced reliability although the low adjusted R2 value of .298 showed that some major causes of reliability were not captured by the model.

scholarly journals Societal context-dependent multi-modal transportation network augmentation in Johannesburg, South Africa

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249014
Author(s):  
Thembani Moyo ◽  
Alain Y. Kibangou ◽  
Walter Musakwa
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Weighted Graphs ◽  
Graph Augmentation ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Societal Context ◽  
African Context ◽  
The City

In most developing countries, formal and informal transportation schemes coexist without effective and smart integration. In this paper, the authors show how to leverage opportunities offered by formal and informal transportation schemes to build an integrated multi-modal network. Precisely, the authors consider integration of rickshaws to a bus-train network, by taking into account accessibility and societal constraints. By modelling the respective networks with weighted graphs, a graph augmentation problem is solved with respect to a composite cost taking into account constraints on the use of rickshaws. The solution, is based on finding a minimum cost spanning tree of a merged graph. The method is applied in the South African context, in the city of Johannesburg where rickshaws are not yet a significant part of the transportation system. The implications of the study reveal that using non-motorised transportation services is a viable option of improving mobility in the city. The composite cost introduced herein could be used for new routing algorithm including societal, environmental, architectural contexts and commuter experiences through rating.

scholarly journals Geographical index of concentration as an indicator of the spatial distribution of tourist attractions in Belgrade

Turizam ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Sanja Pavlović ◽  
Radmila Jovanović
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Central City ◽  
Field Research ◽  
City Center ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Geographical Concentration ◽  
Structural Parts ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The City

The spatial structure of tourist attractions can be presented both qualitatively and quantitatively. One of the indicators of the spatial structure of tourism is the index of geographical concentration of tourist attractions. The geographical concentration of tourist attractions represents the ratio of the number of tourist attractions in the observed area and its structural parts and the total number of structural units of the analyzed area. This paper aims to determine the spatial distribution of attractions in the administrative territories of Belgrade municipalities and to establish correlations with tourist attendance. The number and spatial distribution of accommodation capacities are the largest in the central city municipalities so that the number of visitors is the largest in them. At the same time, the central city municipalities have the highest concentration of tourist attractions. For data collection, the authors used field research, OSM (Open Street Maps), Google maps, with software processing ArcGIS 10.2. The research results enabled the definition of the model of distribution of tourist attractions and indicated its application. This model of distribution of tourist attractions shows that they are mostly concentrated in the city center. This also means a small spatial connection of tourist attractions in the city center and peripheral parts.

scholarly journals TransCad analysis and GIS techniques to evaluate transportation network in Nasiriyah city

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 03029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaynab Qasim ◽  
Abdul-Razzak Ziboon ◽  
Khaldoon Falih
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
City Center ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
The City

Transportation is an essential element for the development of countries economically, socially, and culturally. AL-Nasiriyah is one of the highly congested urban centers within Dhi-Qar province. Network in the city center suffers congestion, particularly during peak hours simply because of the existence of vitality centers (educational, commercial and government). The network is used to assess the flow of the current traffic network patterns through several programs such as the (TransCad, GPS, GIS) so collecting different types of data, such as (Traffic volumes and free flow speed) using a device (MSSS), field surveys is done for the work of large-scale map road network.The results of the evaluation showed that most of the roads in the city have a level of service type (B), as the network showed service-level type (F) at which the vehicle relative to the road capacity (v/c) is greater than one in the city center, such as (Habboubi Street, Nasir bridge, Sumer Street, etc.) as illustrated in analysis map. On the basis of that proposed to add new roads to change path of external - external trips and also add new bridges to get rid of the congestion that appeared in the city center.

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