A technology review of recycling methods for fiber-reinforced thermosets

2021 ◽  
pp. 073168442110552
Author(s):  
Xiao Xue ◽  
Shu-Yan Liu ◽  
Zhao-Yang Zhang ◽  
Qing-Zhou Wang ◽  
Cheng-Zhi Xiao
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Thermal Pyrolysis ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Technology Review ◽  
Made In

The rapidly rising demand for fiber-reinforced plastics (FRPs) has led to large volumes of manufacturing and end-of-life waste. Recycling fiber-reinforced thermosets is very difficult owing to their complex structure and heterogeneity. Landfill and incineration have become the most commonly used methods for eliminating non-degradable FRP waste, which adversely affects the environment and ecology. The purpose of this review is to evaluate end-of-life FRP recycling technologies in terms of optimizing the reuse/recycling of resources and eliminating waste, thereby improving FRP waste management. The technical progress made in the recycling of thermosetting composites is reviewed, including mechanical, thermal (pyrolysis and fluidized-bed), and chemical (critical fluid and low-temperature solvent) methods. The technical feasibility of each method was compared, and the economic and environmental impacts were considered. The challenges and opportunities facing the establishment of a composite recycling market in the future are examined. Finally, we provide a comprehensive summary of the scope of each recycling method.

3D Printing of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics and their Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 913 ◽  
pp. 558-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Dong Zhou ◽  
Jian Sheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced

3D printing of carbon fiber reinforced plastics can produce lightweight components with higher efficiency and more complex structure. For the short carbon fiber reinforced plastics, the composites are firstly made by compounding, then they are processed to filaments, powders or other needed forms, finally the components are printed by Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Selected Laser Sintering (SLS) or other methods. The tensile strength of the nylon-based component is more than 70 MPa. Companies such as EOS, Stratasys and Farsoon can provide the materials and equipments. For the continuous carbon fiber reinforced plastics, the divided carbon fibers and plastic filaments or impregnated carbon fiber filaments are firstly prepared, then the components are printed by FDM or other methods. The average tensile strength of the nylon-based component is more than 200 MPa. Companies such as Markforged and Arevo Labs have commercialized the 3D printing equipment/platform for the continuous fiber reinforced plastics.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Polymer Matrix Composite Waste Recycling Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ieva Delvere ◽  
Marija Iltina ◽  
Maxat Shanbayev ◽  
Aray Abildayeva ◽  
Svetlana Kuzhamberdieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Composite ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Polymer Matrix Composite ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Sustainability Performance ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Plastics

Abstract Polymer-based matrix composite materials are in high demand in many different fields: aeronautics, pressure vessel manufacturing, wind turbine blade manufacturing, and others. Due to the great mechanical properties of fiber reinforced plastics, it is a desirable material for various applications, but at the same time its heterogenic structure makes the composite waste hard to recycle. This paper focuses on different fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) waste recycling methods and their comparison by carrying out literature review and using multi-criteria decision making analysis (MCDA). Four polymer matrix composite waste recycling methods are compared to calculate which one has the best sustainability performance based on the chosen criteria. Analytical Hierarchy Process and TOPSIS are applied for criteria weighing and method comparison. Sensitivity analysis is used to evaluate the obtained results. It is concluded that more studies concerning different FRP waste recycling method sustainability performance need to be done, to derive more data, that would make MCDA more reliable and also other FRP waste recycling methods could be compared. Another conclusion is that different methods have different strengths which makes it hard to compare them. While FRP waste recycling is getting more broadly used, there still is a lot of work to establish wide spread effective system of FRP waste recycling that is both economically viable and gives the best results concerning recycled material quality.

Effect of long climatic ageing on the microstructure of the surface of сarbon-fiber-reinforced plastics on base epoxy matrix

2019 ◽  
pp. 157-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Deev ◽  
E. V. Kurshev ◽  
S. L. Lonsky
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Carbon Plastics ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Determining Factor

Studies and experimental data on the microstructure of the surface of samples of epoxy сarbon-fiber-reinforced plastics that have undergone long-term (up to 5 years) climatic aging in different climatic zones of Russia have been conducted: under conditions of the industrial zone of temperate climate (Moscow, MTsKI); temperate warm climate (Gelendzhik, GTsKI); a warm humid climate (Sochi, GNIP RAS). It is established that the determining factor for aging of carbon plastics is the duration of the complex effect of climatic factors: the longer the period of climatic aging, the more significant changes occur in the microstructure of the surface of the materials. The intensity of the aging process and the degree of microstructural changes in the surface of carbon plastics are affected by the features of the climatic zone. general regularities and features of the destruction of the surface of carbon plastics after a long-term exposure to climatic factors have been established on the basis of the analysis and systematization of the results of microstructural studies.

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