Predicting Use of Outdoor Fall Prevention Strategies: Considerations for Prevention Practices

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Chippendale
Keyword(s):  
Fall Prevention ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Urban Versus

Purpose: Outdoor falls are just as common as indoor falls, but have received less attention in research and practice. Behavioral strategies play an important role in outdoor fall prevention. The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of strategy use. Method: Backward stepwise regression was used to study factors associated with use of outdoor fall prevention strategies among a random sample ( N = 120) of community-dwelling seniors. Results: Significant negative predictors of strategy use included higher education levels ( p < .01) and living in an urban versus a suburban environment ( p < .01). Concern about falls and number of identified risks were positive predictors ( ps < .05). Differences were found between outdoor fallers and nonfallers in the use of three different types of strategies ( ps < .05). Conclusion: There are some differences in the profiles of people who use and do not use outdoor fall prevention strategies. Further study of additional factors is warranted.

scholarly journals Associations between socio-demographics, nutrition knowledge, nutrition competencies and attitudes in community-dwelling healthy older adults in Singapore: Findings from the SHIELD study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Hui Shan Ong ◽  
Wai Leng Chow ◽  
Magdalin Cheong ◽  
Gladys Huiyun Lim ◽  
Weiyi Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Self ◽  
Nutrition Information ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Food Decisions ◽  
Knowledge Competencies ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract BackgroundNutrition literacy refers to an individual’s knowledge, motivation and competencies to access, process, and understand nutrition information to make nutrition-related decisions. It is known to influence dietary habits of individuals including older adults. This cross-sectional study was designed to: (1) understand the nutrition knowledge, competencies and attitudes of community-dwelling older adults in Singapore (2) examine the differences between their nutrition knowledge, and socio-demographic factors, competencies and attitudes, and (3) identify factors associated with better nutrition knowledge in older healthy adults in Singapore.Methods400 (183 males and 217 females) nourished community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and above took part in this study. Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) was used to determine individuals who were at low risk of undernutrition. Nutrition knowledge, competencies, attitudes and sources of nutrition information were measured using a locally developed scale. Nutrition knowledge scores were summed to form the Nutrition Knowledge Index (NKI). Associations between NKI, competencies, attitudes and socio-demographic variables were examined using Chi-square and Fisher’s Exact tests. Factors associated with NKI were determined using a stepwise regression model with resampling based methods for model averaging.ResultsBivariate analyses found significant differences in NKI scores for gender, monthly household earnings, type of housing, the self-reported ability to seek and understand nutrition information and having access to help from family/friends. Females had higher NKI scores compared to males (p < 0.001). Compared to females, more males left food decisions to others (p < 0.001), and fewer males reported consuming home cooked food (p = 0.016). Differences in educational level were found for competencies like the self-reported ability to seek (p < 0.001) and verify nutrition information (p < 0.001). Stepwise regression analysis showed that being female, Chinese, self-reported ability to understand nutrition information and having access to help from family/friends were associated with higher NKI scores. ConclusionsOur study revealed that nutrition knowledge of older males in Singapore was lower than females and more left food decisions to others. Nutrition education programs could be targeted at both the older male, their caregivers, and minority ethnic groups.Trial RegistrationThis study was registered on 7 August 2017 at clinicaltrials.gov (ref. NCT03240952).

Two Sides to Every Fall: Patient and Nurse Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Linda M. Hoke ◽  
Rachel T. Zekany
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Fall Prevention ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Cardiac Care ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Cardiac Care Unit

Background Despite vast evidence describing risk factors associated with falls and fall prevention strategies, falls continue to present challenges in acute care settings. Objective To describe and categorize patient and nurse perspectives on falls and nurses’ suggestions for preventing falls. Methods To improve transparency about the causes of falls, nurses interviewed patients in a 48-bed progressive cardiac care unit who had experienced a fall. A content analysis approach was used to examine responses to 3 open-ended items: why patients said they fell, why nurses said the patients fell, and nurses’ reflections on how each fall could have been prevented. Results Over a 2-year period, 67 falls occurred. Main themes regarding causes of falls were activity (41 falls, 61%), coordination (16 falls, 24%), and environment (10 falls, 15%). Patients said they fell because they slipped, had a medical issue, were dizzy, or had weak legs. Nurses said patients fell because they had a medical issue or did not call for assistance. Conclusions Nurses and patients agreed on the causes of assisted falls but disagreed on the causes of unassisted falls. Nurses frequently said that the use of a bed alarm could have prevented the fall.

scholarly journals Managing Fall Prevention through Exercise in Older Adults Afflicted by Cognitive and Strength Impairment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Helen Senderovich ◽  
Nadiya Bayeva ◽  
Basile Montagnese ◽  
Akash Yendamuri
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Fall Prevention ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Different Types

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> A growing trend in medicine is older adults and increased need for geriatric services. Falls contribute heavily to hospitalizations and worsening of overall health in this frail demographic. There are numerous biological and physical culprits which, if targeted, can prevent falls. The objective was to review benefits of different types of exercises for fall prevention for older persons who are community-dwelling or living in long-term care facilities. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A systematic review was conducted to determine the different types of exercises for fall prevention. Data extraction via a standardized protocol was performed to assess study design, outcomes, limitations, and author’s conclusions. Corroborative themes were identified and the authors responsible for the contributing research were cited as they came up. Nineteen randomized controlled trials were identified, between 1990 and 2018, using MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases. Studies involving adults greater than age 60 in high-risk community or nursing home populations in the English language with a duration longer than or equal to 6 weeks with focuses on either low-risk balance, strength, or combination of both and whole-body vibration. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Balance exercise training increased balance at 6 and 12-month intervals involving balance, strength, and cognitive training. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> Insignificant results were seen in whole-body vibration and differing results existed for Tai Chi. It is important to recognize that although exercises help reduce the risk of falling and play a significant role in improving mobility safely, there will always be a risk of falls.

scholarly journals Associations between socio-demographics, nutrition knowledge, nutrition competencies and attitudes in community-dwelling healthy older adults in Singapore: findings from the SHIELD study

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Hui San Ong ◽  
Wai Leng Chow ◽  
Magdalin Cheong ◽  
Gladys Huiyun Lim ◽  
Weiyi Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Self ◽  
Nutrition Information ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Food Decisions ◽  
Knowledge Competencies ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background Nutrition literacy refers to an individual’s knowledge, motivation and competencies to access, process and understand nutrition information to make nutrition-related decisions. It is known to influence dietary habits of individuals including older adults. This cross-sectional study was designed to: (1) understand the nutrition knowledge, competencies and attitudes of community-dwelling older adults in Singapore, (2) examine the differences between their nutrition knowledge, and socio-demographic factors, competencies and attitudes and (3) identify factors associated with better nutrition knowledge in older healthy adults in Singapore. Methods A total of 400 (183 males and 217 females) nourished community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and above took part in this study. Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) was used to determine individuals who were at low risk of undernutrition. Nutrition knowledge, competencies, attitudes and sources of nutrition information were measured using a locally developed scale. Nutrition knowledge scores were summed to form the nutrition knowledge index (NKI). Associations between NKI, competencies, attitudes and socio-demographic variables were examined using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Factors associated with NKI were determined using a stepwise regression model with resampling-based methods for model averaging. Results Bivariate analyses found significant differences in NKI scores for gender, monthly household earnings, type of housing, the self-reported ability to seek and understand nutrition information and having access to help from family/friends. Females had higher NKI scores compared to males (p < 0.001). Compared to females, more males left food decisions to others (p < 0.001), and fewer males reported consuming home-cooked food (p = 0.016). Differences in educational level were found for competencies like the self-reported ability to seek (p < 0.001) and verify nutrition information (p < 0.001). Stepwise regression analysis showed that being female, Chinese, self-reported ability to understand nutrition information and having access to help from family/friends were associated with higher NKI scores. Conclusions Our study revealed that nutrition knowledge of older males in Singapore was lower than females and more left food decisions to others. Nutrition education programs could be targeted at both the older male, their caregivers and minority ethnic groups. Trial Registration This study was registered on 7 August 2017 at clinicaltrials.gov (ref. NCT03240952).

scholarly journals Associations between socio-demographics, nutrition knowledge, nutrition competencies and attitudes in community-dwelling older adults in Singapore: Findings from the SHIELD study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Hui Shan Ong ◽  
Wai Leng Chow ◽  
Magdalin Cheong ◽  
Gladys Huiyun Lim ◽  
Weiyi Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Self ◽  
Nutrition Information ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Food Decisions ◽  
Knowledge Competencies ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background Nutrition literacy refers to an individual’s knowledge, motivation and competencies to access, process, and understand nutrition information to make nutrition-related decisions. It is known to influence dietary habits of older adults. This cross-sectional study was designed to: (1) understand the nutrition knowledge, competencies and attitudes of community-dwelling older adults in Singapore (2) examine the differences between their nutrition knowledge, and socio-demographic factors, competencies and attitudes, and (3) identify factors associated with better nutrition knowledge in community-dwelling older adults in Singapore. Methods 400 (183 males and 217 females) nourished community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and above took part in this study. Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) was used to determine individuals who were at low risk of undernutrition. Nutrition knowledge, competencies, attitudes and sources of nutrition information were measured using a locally developed scale. Nutrition knowledge scores were summed to form the Nutrition Knowledge Index (NKI). Associations between NKI, competencies, attitudes and socio-demographic variables were examined using Chi-square and Fisher’s Exact tests. Factors associated with NKI were determined using a stepwise regression model with resampling based methods for model averaging. Results Bivariate analyses found significant differences in NKI scores for gender, monthly household earnings, type of housing, the self-reported ability to seek and understand nutrition information and having access to help from family/friends. Females had higher NKI scores compared to males ( p < 0.001). Compared to females, more males left food decisions to others ( p < 0.001), and fewer males reported consuming home cooked food ( p = 0.016). Differences in educational level were found for competencies like the self-reported ability to seek ( p < 0.001) and verify nutrition information ( p < 0.001). Stepwise regression analysis showed that being female, Chinese, self-reported ability to understand nutrition information and having access to help from family/friends were associated with higher NKI scores. Conclusions Our study revealed that nutrition knowledge of older males in Singapore was lower than females and more left food decisions to others. Nutrition education programs could be targeted at both the older male and their caregivers. Trial Registration This study was registered on 7 August 2017 at clinicaltrials.gov (ref. NCT03240952).

scholarly journals Associations between socio-demographics, nutrition knowledge, nutrition competencies and attitudes in community-dwelling older adults in Singapore: Findings from the SHIELD study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Hui Shan Ong ◽  
Wai Leng Chow ◽  
Magdalin Cheong ◽  
Gladys Huiyun Lim ◽  
Weiyi Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Self ◽  
Nutrition Information ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Food Decisions ◽  
Knowledge Competencies ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Objectives Nutrition literacy refers to an individual’s knowledge, motivation and competencies to access, process, and understand nutrition information needed to make appropriate nutrition-related decisions. It is known to influence dietary habits of older adults. This cross-sectional study was designed to: (1) understand the nutrition knowledge, competencies and attitudes of community-dwelling older adults in Singapore (2) examine the differences between their nutrition knowledge, and socio-demographic factors, competencies and attitudes, and (3) identify factors associated with better nutrition knowledge in community-dwelling older adults in Singapore. Methods 400 (183 males and 217 females) nourished community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and above took part in this study. Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) was used to determine individuals who were at low risk of undernutrition. Nutrition knowledge, competencies, attitudes and sources of nutrition information were measured using a locally developed scale. Nutrition knowledge scores were summed to form the Nutrition Knowledge Index (NKI). Associations between NKI, competencies, attitudes and socio-demographic variables were examined using Chi-square and Fisher’s Exact tests. Factors associated with NKI were determined using a stepwise regression model with resampling based methods for model averaging. Results Bivariate analyses found significant differences in NKI scores for gender, monthly household earnings, type of housing, the self-reported ability to seek and understand nutrition information and having access to help from family/friends. Females had higher NKI scores compared to males ( p < 0.001). Compared to females, more males left food decisions to others ( p < 0.001), and fewer males reported consuming home cooked food ( p = 0.016). Differences in educational level were found for competencies like the self-reported ability to seek ( p < 0.001) and verify nutrition information ( p < 0.001). Stepwise regression analysis showed that being female, Chinese, self-reported ability to understand nutrition information and having access to help from family/friends were associated with higher NKI scores. Conclusions Our study revealed that nutrition knowledge of older males in Singapore was lower than females and more left food decisions to others. Hence, nutrition education programs could be targeted at both the older male and their caregivers.

scholarly journals Study of potentially preventable hospitalisations (PPH) for chronic conditions: what proportion are preventable and what factors are associated with preventable PPH?

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e038415
Author(s):  
Jennifer Johnston ◽  
Jo Longman ◽  
Dan Ewald ◽  
Jonathan King ◽  
Sumon Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Medication Management ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Discharge Diagnosis ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Study Sites

IntroductionThe proportion of potentially preventable hospitalisations (PPH) which are actually preventable is unknown, and little is understood about the factors associated with individual preventable PPH. The Diagnosing Potentially Preventable Hospitalisations (DaPPHne) Study aimed to determine the proportion of PPH for chronic conditions which are preventable and identify factors associated with chronic PPH classified as preventable.SettingThree hospitals in NSW, Australia.ParticipantsCommunity-dwelling patients with unplanned hospital admissions between November 2014 and June 2017 for congestive heart failure (CHF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes complications or angina pectoris. Data were collected from patients, their general practitioners (GPs) and hospital records.Outcome measuresAssessments of the preventability of each admission by an Expert Panel.Results323 admissions were assessed for preventability: 46% (148/323) were assessed as preventable, 30% (98/323) as not preventable and 24% (77/323) as unclassifiable. Statistically significant differences in proportions preventable were found between the three study sites (29%; 47%; 58%; p≤0.001) and by primary discharge diagnosis (p≤0.001).Significant predictors of an admission being classified as preventable were: study site; final principal diagnosis of CHF; fewer diagnoses on discharge; shorter hospital stay; GP diagnosis of COPD; GP consultation in the last 12 months; not having had a doctor help make the decision to go to hospital; not arriving by ambulance; patient living alone; having someone help with medications and requiring help with daily tasks.ConclusionsThat less than half the chronic PPH were assessed as preventable, and the range of factors associated with preventability, including site and discharge diagnosis, are important considerations in the validity of PPH as an indicator. Opportunities for interventions to reduce chronic PPH include targeting patients with CHF and COPD, and the provision of social welfare and support services for patients living alone and those requiring help with daily tasks and medication management.

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