Possibility of Using a Time Constant in Fire Codes for Smoke Management in Atria

Due to land scarcity in greater Taipei area, continuously conversion from existing railroad to underground are performed to increase the land utility at different phases and span many years. In addition, integration issues between several transportation systems such as mass transit and high speed rail are also of great concerns. Fourth phase of Nangkang North Tunnel was completed and in full operation in September, 2008. During the construction period, fire codes in Taiwan for special constructions (e.g. ubnderground stations) are also going through various revisions while internationally, new regulations such as AS 4391 in Australia and NFPA130 in USA have been validated and updated. In order to verify the compliance of fire codes nationally and internationally, full scale experiments have been performed before opening to public service with emphasis on various operation modes of mechanical ventilation. This paper aims to numerically investigate and compare the effectiveness of CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) with experimental results. As a matter of fact, full scale experiments are implemented in fire codes in Taiwan for the structures which cannot fully comply with normal installation of fire equipments. While computational power and resources are improving tremendously in the past few years, we focus on the potentials to gain insightful information through numerical simulation and provide a repeatable reference for the engineers, designers and fire fighters as well as managerial levels in government before undertaking any full-scale experiment.

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Can They Take the Heat?

Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.2000-feb-4 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 122 (02) ◽

pp. 62-65

Author(s):

Michael Valenti

Keyword(s):

Computer Modeling ◽

Building Codes ◽

Small Scale ◽

Fire Testing ◽

Existing Building ◽

Safety Requirements ◽

Governmental Agencies ◽

In Fire ◽

Fire Codes ◽

Standard Tests

This article describes that fire researchers apply old and new tests to assure that materials meet safety requirements. Baltimore-based Hughes Associates Inc., a fire research firm, uses standard tests and computer modeling, and, in some cases, will develop tests to ensure that new building products satisfy the safety requirements of existing building codes. Hughes Associates also facilitates contact between its client and the appropriate code-making organizations, whether local, state, federal in the case of governmental agencies, or internationally through its offices in Singapore and in Milan, Italy. The data derived from the small-scale tests are also used in flame spread computer modeling testing. These tests use a series of proprietary computer modeling programs to predict the behavior of the product’s flames—for example, how high the flames would reach, and how quickly they would spread. The development of amusement park attractions is driving fire testing to prove that these attractions meet the stringent public assembly provision in fire codes.

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Taking Advantage of Collective Intelligence and BIM-Based Virtual Reality in Fire Safety Inspection for Commercial and Public Buildings

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9235068 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (23) ◽

pp. 5068 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Daxin Zhang ◽

Jinyue Zhang ◽

Haiming Xiong ◽

Zhiming Cui ◽

Dan Lu

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Collective Intelligence ◽

Information Modeling ◽

Public Buildings ◽

Incentive Model ◽

Building Information ◽

Inspection Tasks ◽

In Fire ◽

Fire Codes

Commercial and public buildings are more vulnerable to fires because of their complex use functions, large number of centralized occupants, and the dynamic nature of the use of space. Due to the large number of these types of buildings and the limited availability of manpower, annual fire inspections cannot ensure the continuous compliance of fire codes. A crowdsourcing application, iInspect, is proposed in this paper to harvest collective intelligence in order to conduct mass inspection tasks. This approach is supported by building information modeling (BIM) based virtual reality (VR) and an indoor real-time localization system. Based on the International Fire Code and 27 fire inspection checklists compiled by various local authorities, a generic list of inspection items suitable for iInspect is proposed, along with a reputation-based monetary incentive model. A prototype of iInspect was created for Android mobile phones, and a case study was performed in an office building in Tianjin, China, for verification of this crowdsourcing inspection approach.

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An Efficient LUT based Approach towards Channel Coding in GSM and its Implementation

International Journal of Sensors Wireless Communications and Control ◽

10.2174/2210327909666191125103229 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 09 ◽

Author(s):

Swapnil Sutar ◽

Priyanka Mekala ◽

Supriya Goel

Keyword(s):

Conventional Method ◽

Communication System ◽

Channel Coding ◽

Computation Time ◽

Mobile Network ◽

Network Link ◽

Number Of Cycles ◽

In Fire ◽

Fire Codes ◽

Very High

Background & Objective: The channel coding improves the performance of the mobile network link by adding redundant bits in the message in order to detect and correct the errors occurred during transmission of the data. The traditional method involved in channel coding for GSM has more number of operations, its computation time and complexity was very high which increases the latency in communication. To reduce the latency, we propose a novel and efficient Look Up Table (LUT) based implementation using Fire codes for Control Channel Coding in GSM. Method: In this research paper, a new and competent LUT based implementation towards channel coding in GSM is projected. This proposed technique will significantly decrease the computation time and number of cycles with less complexity. The suggested method improvises the coding scheme of FIRE codes adopted in GSM communication system by reducing the number of shift operations to zero. Results: The proposed LUT based method outperforms the conventional method by reducing the number of cycles, XOR operations, shift operations, execution time and memory consumption. Our algorithm achieved around 89% improvement in Fire code implementation compared to Shift and XOR method, which is, consider as significant growth for GSM communication system. Conclusion: The proposed technique demonstrated the significant improvement in reducing the latency and memory usage in comparison to the conventional method.

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REVIEW ON VIDEO IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUE IN FIRE DETECTION AND THE POSSIBILITY OF APPLICATION IN CONTROLLING ATRIUM SMOKE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Journal of Applied Fire Science ◽

10.2190/pahq-v2vp-jq71-tyhw ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 183-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. T. WONG ◽

J. LI ◽

N. K. FONG

Keyword(s):

Image Processing ◽

Management System ◽

Fire Detection ◽

Processing Technique ◽

Video Image ◽

Image Processing Technique ◽

Smoke Management ◽

In Fire ◽

Video Image Processing

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The Effect of Sensori-Neural Hearing Loss on Threshold-Duration Functions

Journal of Speech and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.1104.842 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 842-852 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

H. N. Wright

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Time Constant ◽

Present Series ◽

Auditory Disorders ◽

Threshold Duration

Previous findings on the threshold for tones as a function of their duration have suggested that such functions may be systematically affected by sensori-neural hearing losses of cochlear origin. The present series of investigations was designed to explore this relation further and to determine also whether the amount of hearing loss present has any effect upon the results which are obtained. Preliminary studies were also carried out on a conductively impaired listener to indicate whether hearing losses of this type affect the threshold-duration function. The results indicate that the threshold-duration function is systematically affected by sensori-neural hearing losses of cochlear origin. This effect is manifested by a progressive shortening of the time constant relating threshold to duration and is not uniquely related to the amount of hearing loss present. The results obtained from the conductively impaired listener suggested that this type of hearing loss has no effect on the threshold-duration function, thereby implying that such functions may contribute significantly to the differential diagnosis of auditory disorders.

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