scholarly journals A perfect match? The dampening effect of interethnic marriage on armed conflict in Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 073889422110508
Author(s):  
Leila Demarest ◽  
Roos Haer
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Perfect Match ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Interethnic Marriage ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Conflict In Africa ◽  
Combine Information ◽  
The Relationship

How does interethnic marriage influence the occurrence of ethnic violence in sub-Saharan Africa? Previous studies on the relationship between intergroup contact and conflict onset have produced mixed findings. Some scholars have argued that this might be due to the way interethnic contact is measured. Building on insights of social psychology, this study examines the influence of interethnic marriage as the ultimate form of positive intergroup contact. In doing so, we combine information of the Demographic and Health Surveys with event data on ethnic conflict. Our analysis shows that areas with higher levels of exogamy significantly experience less ethnic conflict.

The impact of political liberalisation and democratisation on ethnic conflict in Africa: an empirical test of common assumptions

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeric Kay Smith
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Sensitive Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Conflict In Africa ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article provides an empirical test of a set of common theoretical assumptions concerning the relationship between political liberalisation, democratisation and ethnic conflict in Africa. The theory in question posits that liberalisation will result in short-term increases in ethnic conflict and that democratisation will be followed by a decrease in ethnic conflict. The article employs a cross-national and time sensitive data set to test this hypothesis in the context of contemporary sub-Saharan Africa. A compelling benefit of this methodology is that it allows for an explanation of variation in ethnic conflict both across states and over time.The results indicate that the relationship between political liberalisation and ethnic conflict is the reverse of what the common assumptions would predict. Liberalisation has had an inverse relationship to ethnic conflict in sub-Saharan Africa between 1988 and 1997. Democratisation does not have the hypothesised effect even when lagged variables are employed. Structural variables as represented by GDP per capita and infant mortality rates are also systematically related to ethnic conflict. The author concludes that policy makers and analysts should continue to pursue both liberalisation and democratisation but should not neglect the central role of an adequate resource base in reducing ethnic conflict in Africa. Political liberalisation and democratic institutions, while providing some measure of relief, are by no means silver bullets for the difficult challenges posed by ethnic conflict in Africa.

scholarly journals Alcohol use and intimate partner violence among women and their partners in sub-Saharan Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Greene ◽  
J. C. Kane ◽  
W. A. Tol
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Male Partner ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship

Background:Alcohol use is a well-documented risk factor for intimate partner violence (IPV); however, the majority of research comes from high-income countries.Methods:Using nationally representative data from 86 024 women that participated in the Demographic and Health Surveys, we evaluated the relationship between male partner alcohol use and experiencing IPV in 14 countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Using multilevel mixed-effects models, we calculated the within-country, between-country, and contextual effects of alcohol use on IPV.Results:Prevalence of partner alcohol use and IPV ranged substantially across countries (3–62 and 11–60%, respectively). Partner alcohol use was associated with a significant increase in the odds of reporting IPV for all 14 countries included in this analysis. Furthermore, the relationship between alcohol use and IPV, although largely explained by partner alcohol use, was also attributable to overall prevalence of alcohol use in a given country. The partner alcohol use–IPV relationship was moderated by socioeconomic status (SES): among women with a partner who used alcohol those with lower SES had higher odds of experiencing IPV than women with higher SES.Conclusions:Results of this study suggest that partner alcohol use is a robust correlate of IPV in SSA; however, drinking norms may independently relate to IPV and confound the relationship between partner alcohol use and IPV. These findings motivate future research employing experimental and longitudinal designs to examine alcohol use as a modifiable risk factor of IPV and as a novel target for treatment and prevention research to reduce IPV in SSA.

scholarly journals Association of Women’s Empowerment With Anaemia and Haemoglobin Concentration in Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Multilevel Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calistus Wilunda ◽  
Milkah Wanjohi ◽  
Risa Takahashi ◽  
Elizabeth Kimani-Murage ◽  
Antonina Mutoro
Keyword(s):  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Hb Concentration ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The relationship between different dimensions of women's empowerment and childhood anaemia in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is unclear. We assessed the associations between women’s empowerment and anaemia and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration among children using data from 72,032 women and their singleton children aged 6-59 months from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 2006 and 2019 in 31 SSA countries. Of the included children, 65.8% were anaemic and the mean Hb concentration was 102.3 g/dl (SD 16.1). The odds of anaemia in children reduced with increasing empowerment in the dimensions of attitude towards violence [quintile (Q1) vs. Q5, OR 0.80; 95% CI 0.71–0.89, Ptrend <0.001], decision making (Q1 vs. Q5, OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.59–0.79, Ptrend <0.001), education (Q1 vs. Q5, OR 0.80; 95% CI 0.72–0.89, Ptrend <0.001), and social independence (Q1 vs. Q5, OR 0.89; 95% CI 0.79–1.00, Ptrend <0.015). Similarly, children’s mean Hb concentration increased with increasing women’s empowerment in all the above dimensions. In conclusion, women empowerment was associated with reduced odds of anaemia and higher Hb concentration in children. Promotion of women's empowerment may reduce the burden of childhood anaemia in SSA.

Non-Partner Violence in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Built Environment: A Multicountry Analysis of the Effects of Sanitation, Water Access, and Urban Settings

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1101-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Barchi ◽  
Samantha C. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Water Access ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Environment Variables ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship

This multicountry study used Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data from 138,097 women to explore the relationship between non-partner violence (NPV) and sanitation, water, and urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). One out of 15 women reports having experienced physical and/or sexual violence by a non-partner during the previous 12 months; within the region, prevalence ranges from 2.3-11.3%. Explanatory models of NPV improve in 11 of the 20 countries when the built environment variables are included. The results suggest that sanitation and water access are associated with risk of NPV in a number of countries in the region, particularly in urban settings.

Dimensions of Governance and Child Health in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Subnational Analysis

Politeia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Heaton ◽  
Acheampong Yaw Amoateng
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Regional Governance ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship

There is broad consensus in the literature on development that effective governance is one of the keys to development. It is against this background of the relationship between good governance and socioeconomic development that the African Union (AU), following its establishment in 2000, indicated good governance in its constitutive act as part of its policy framework for member states in line with the tenets of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) and the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM). The present study examined the relationship between good governance and less child deprivation using pooled data from Afrobarometer surveys and Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in sub-Saharan countries since 2000. The study examined the relationship between such dimensions of governance as democracy, voting, effectiveness and transparency as measured by trust and corruption as well as measures of child outcomes such as availability of toilet facilities, vaccinations, nutrition and mortality. The study found that the relationship between regional governance and children’s well-being was weak and inconsistent. It indicated that although a deepening of democracy might lead to improvements in the long-term outcomes of nutrition and child survival, these improvements would be relatively small. Further, results suggested that, in terms of good governance, trust was not particularly helpful and that corruption was not as harmful as many would suggest.

scholarly journals Assessing sex differentials in under-five mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: A cross-national comparative analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adebiyi Germain Boco
Keyword(s):  
Community Level ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sex Differentials ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship

This paper investigates and compares country-specific sex differentials in childhood mortality in thirty sub-Saharan African countries. Data from the demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) were analyzed to assess sex differentials in U5M rates before and after adjustment for individual, household, and community-level factors, using multilevel discrete-time hazard models. The findings show a systematically higher mortality for male children compared to female in all countries except Sierra Leone and Swaziland. The relationship is significant in nineteen of the thirty countries. Across the region, males have 17–54 per cent higher odds of dying before age five. These patterns remained when controls were added for individual and community-level factors, as well as unobserved community-level effects. 

scholarly journals HIV and cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa: Demographic and Health Survey data for 4 countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard E. Egede ◽  
Rebekah J. Walker ◽  
Patricia Monroe ◽  
Joni S. Williams ◽  
Jennifer A. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Investigate the relationship between two common cardiovascular diseases and HIV in adults living in sub-Saharan Africa using population data provided through the Demographic and Health Survey. Methods Data for four sub-Saharan countries were used. All adults asked questions regarding diagnosis of HIV, diabetes, and hypertension were included in the sample totaling 5356 in Lesotho, 3294 in Namibia, 9917 in Senegal, and 1051 in South Africa. Logistic models were run for each country separately, with self-reported diabetes as the first outcome and self-reported hypertension as the second outcome and HIV status as the primary independent variable. Models were adjusted for age, gender, rural/urban residence and BMI. Complex survey design allowed weighting to the population. Results Prevalence of self-reported diabetes ranged from 3.8% in Namibia to 0.5% in Senegal. Prevalence of self-reported hypertension ranged from 22.9% in Namibia to 0.6% in Senegal. In unadjusted models, individuals with HIV in Lesotho were 2 times more likely to have self-reported diabetes (OR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.08–3.73), however the relationship lost significance after adjustment. Individuals with HIV were less likely to have self-reported diabetes after adjustment in Namibia (OR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.12–0.72) and less likely to have self-reported hypertension after adjustment in Lesotho (OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.47–0.83). Relationships were not significant for Senegal or South Africa. Discussion HIV did not serve as a risk factor for self-reported cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa during the years included in this study. However, given the growing prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in the region, and the high prevalence of undiagnosed cardiovascular disease, it will be important to continue to track and monitor cardiovascular disease at the population level and in individuals with and without HIV. Conclusions The odds of self-reported diabetes in individuals with HIV was high in Lesotho and low in Namibia, while the odds of self-reported hypertension in individuals with HIV was low across all 4 countries included in this study. Programs are needed to target individuals that need to manage multiple diseases at once and should consider increasing access to cardiovascular disease management programs for older adults, individuals with high BMI, women, and those living in urban settings.

scholarly journals Decomposing the rural–urban gap in factors associated with childhood immunisation in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from surveys in 23 countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e003773
Author(s):  
Edward Kwabena Ameyaw ◽  
Yusuf Olushola Kareem ◽  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
Sanni Yaya
Keyword(s):  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Childhood Immunisation ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Full Immunisation ◽  
Sub Saharan

BackgroundAbout 31 million children in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) suffer from immunisation preventable diseases yearly and more than half a million children die because of lack of access to immunisation. Immunisation coverage has stagnated at 72% in SSA over the past 6 years. Due to evidence that full immunisation of children may be determined by place of residence, this study aimed at investigating the rural–urban differential in full childhood immunisation in SSA.MethodsThe data used for this study consisted of 26 241 children pooled from 23 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 2010 and 2018 in SSA. We performed a Poisson regression analysis with robust Standard Errors (SEs) to determine the factors associated with full immunisation status for rural and urban children. Likewise, a multivariate decomposition analysis for non-linear response model was used to examine the contribution of the covariates to the observed rural and urban differential in full childhood immunisation. All analyses were performed using Stata software V.15.0 and associations with a p<0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsMore than half of children in urban settings were fully immunised (52.8%) while 59.3% of rural residents were not fully immunised. In all, 76.5% of rural–urban variation in full immunisation was attributable to differences in child and maternal characteristics. Household wealth was an important component contributing to the rural–urban gap. Specifically, richest wealth status substantially accounted for immunisation disparity (35.7%). First and sixth birth orders contributed 7.3% and 14.9%, respectively, towards the disparity while 7.9% of the disparity was attributable to distance to health facility.ConclusionThis study has emphasised the rural–urban disparity in childhood immunisation, with children in the urban settings more likely to complete immunisation. Subregional, national and community-level interventions to obviate this disparity should target children in rural settings, those from poor households and women who have difficulties in accessing healthcare facilities due to distance.

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