scholarly journals A Closer Look at the Nature of Intimate Partner Violence Reported by Women With a History of Child Sexual Abuse

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID DiLILLO ◽  
DAWN GIUFFRE ◽  
GEORGE C. TREMBLAY ◽  
LIZETTE PETERSON
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
History Of

Resolution of Depression Among Victims of Intimate Partner Violence: Is Cessation of Violence Enough?

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary A. Kernic ◽  
Victoria L. Holt ◽  
Julie A. Stoner ◽  
Marsha E. Wolf ◽  
Frederick P. Rivara
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equations ◽  
Psychological Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
History Of

The objective of this article is to assess the effect of abuse cessation on depressive symptoms among women abused by a male intimate partner. This prospective cohort study of Seattle women with a history of intimate partner violence (IPV) who were classified by history of abuse and abuse status at 3 month, 9 month, and 2 year follow-up interviews. Relative risks (RR) were calculated using generalized estimating equations. Among subjects with a history of psychological abuse only, cessation of abuse was associated with a nonsignificant reduction in the likelihood of depression compared to subjects whose abuse continued (aRR = 0.88; 95%CI: 0.75,1.03). Among subjects with a history of physical/sexual abuse and psychological abuse, cessation of physical/sexual abuse only was associated with a 27% decline, and cessation of both types of abuse was associated with a 35% decline in the likelihood of depression (aRR = 0.73, 95%CI: 0.63,0.86; and aRR = 0.65; 95%CI: 0.55,0.76; respectively). Cessation of abuse among victims of IPV is associated with a decreased prevalence of depression.

“I Still Feel Like I Am Not Normal”: A Review of the Role of Stigma and Stigmatization Among Female Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse, Sexual Assault, and Intimate Partner Violence

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 512-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angie C. Kennedy ◽  
Kristen A. Prock
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Female Survivors ◽  
Self Blame

Child sexual abuse (CSA), sexual assault (SA), and intimate partner violence (IPV) occur within social contexts that shape how survivors judge themselves and are evaluated by others. Because these are gendered sexual and intimate crimes that violate social norms about what is appropriate and acceptable, survivors may experience stigma that includes victim-blaming messages from the broader society as well as specific stigmatizing reactions from others in response to disclosure; this stigmatization can be internalized among survivors as self-blame, shame, and anticipatory stigma. Stigma and stigmatization play an important role in shaping survivors’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviors as they recover; their risk of revictimization; and their help-seeking and attainment process. In this review, we synthesize recent CSA, SA, and IPV research ( N = 123) that examines female survivors’ self-blame, shame, internalized stigma, and anticipatory stigma as well as negative social reactions in response to survivors’ disclosure. We highlight critical findings as well as implications for research, practice, and policy, and we note gaps in our current knowledge.

scholarly journals Child Sexual Abuse as Lifespan Trauma Within the Context of Intimate Partner Violence: Experiences of Caribbean Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele D. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Caribbean Women

Background: There is a dearth of research which explores sexual abuse from perspectives of Caribbean women, despite its high prevalence in the region. While sexual violence is universal, tackling it requires a deep understanding of the contextual specificities in which it arises and of the intersections of gender with other sources of oppression and marginalisation. It also calls for the recognition that intimate partner violence against women is not separate from, but linked to violence against girls, not only because both are forms of gender-based violence but because together they speak to its historical, persistent and accumulative effects.Methods: In-depth intensive interviews were carried out with 35 women from Barbados and Grenada, aged 18–60 years who had experienced intimate partner violence under one of the following circumstances: during pregnancy (n = 15), as a woman a with disability (n = 8), as a woman living with HIV (n = 12). Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed and thematically analyzed.Results: The participants experienced multiple forms of violence within their relationships, often concurrently. Twenty-one of the women had been subject to sexual violence and of these, 19 had experienced sexual abuse as children; these experiences were viewed as interconnected and bolstered by the high level of violence-acceptance reported within communities. Women were subject to different forms of control by their partners depending upon prevailing discourses related to their circumstances (as pregnant, disabled, or HIV positive); being ‘vulnerable’ was synonymous with having one’s agency as an independent, autonomous person constrained and little external help was available.Conclusion: The study identified a clear chain of sexual behaviors, each of which fuel different layers of the problem: the prevalence of early sexualization of children is associated with the prevalence of child sexual abuse; child sexual abuse is pervasive in large part, because of the normalisation and social acceptance of violence against women and girls; “cultural” normalcy, in turn, fuels attitudes which contribute to sexual violence against women and women in especially vulnerable circumstances face additional risks. Integrated policy, which tackles these as interconnected issues is called for.

I sintomi traumatici mediano la relazione fra maltrattamento fisico infantile e il rischio in etŕ adulta di maltrattamento?

2011 ◽  
pp. 11-45
Author(s):  
Joel Milner ◽  
Cynthia Thomsen ◽  
Julie Crouch ◽  
Mandy Rabenhorst ◽  
Patricia Martens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Child Physical Abuse ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Us Navy ◽  
Ipv Intimate Partner Violence

: anche se la trasmissione intergenerazionale della violenza familiare č stata ben documentata, il meccanismo responsabile di questo effetto non č stato ancora completamente accertato. Il presente studio valuta se i sintomi traumatici mediano la relazione fra una storia di maltrattamento fisico infantile (CPA, Child Physical Abuse) e il rischio in etŕ adulta di perpetrare il maltrattamento fisico (rischio di CPA in etŕ adulta), e se tale mediazione sia uguale per le donne e per gli uomini.: reclute femminili e maschili della Marina Statunitense (USN, US Navy) (N = 5.394) e studenti universitari (N = 716) hanno completato un questionario self-report riguardante la loro storia di maltrattamento infantile (nello specifico, maltrattamento fisico infantile e abuso sessuale infantile [CSA, Child Sexual Abuse]), l'esposizione alla violenza intima tra i partner (IPV, Intimate Partner Violence), attuali sintomi traumatici, e il rischio in etŕ adulta di perpetrare il maltrattamento fisico infantile.: come atteso, č stata riscontrata una forte associazione fra una storia di maltrattamento fisico infantile e il rischio di CPA in etŕ adulta. Questa associazione č risultata significativa anche dopo aver controllato le variabili demografiche e l'esposizione infantile ad altre forme di violenza (CSA e IPV), e la forza della relazione non č risultata variare in base alle variabili demografiche o all'esposizione ad altre forme di violenza. Tuttavia, l'associazione fra una storia di CPA e il rischio di CPA in etŕ adulta č risultata piů forte fra i soggetti con alti punteggi di evitamento difensivo rispetto ai soggetti con bassi punteggi. L'associazione fra una storia di CPA e il rischio di CPA in etŕ adulta č risultata largamente, ma non interamente, mediata dai sintomi psicologici traumatici. La mediazione č stata osservata per gli uomini e per le donne sia del campione della Marina Statunitense sia degli studenti universitari.: i sintomi traumatici associati ad una storia di CPA rendono conto di una sostanziale parte della relazione fra una storia di CPA e il rischio in etŕ adulta di perpetrare il maltrattamento fisico infantile sia negli uomini sia nelle donne.: nella misura in cui i sintomi traumatici sono un meccanismo a partire dal quale si verifica la trasmissione intergenerazionale dell'abuso infantile, intervenire per ridurre i sintomi traumatici nelle vittime di CPA ha il potenziale di ridurre il rischio di perpetuare il ciclo della violenza.

scholarly journals Violence and depression among pregnant women in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan M. Ghoneim ◽  
Mohamed Elprince ◽  
Tamer Yehia M. Ali ◽  
Waleed F. Gharieb ◽  
Amal A. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Depression is a serious mental health disorder that might affect women in the childbearing period. Incidences increase during pregnancy as well as after delivery. Its association with intimate partner violence (defined as physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current or former partner) has been reported in many countries. Data about this sensitive issue are lacking in Egypt. The aim of the study was to determine the relation between intimate partner violence and depression during pregnancy. Methods This was a case control study conducted at the outpatient clinics in Suez Canal University hospital, from January 2019 to March 2020. The study included two groups, the study group included women exposed to violence during the current pregnancy and a control one included women with no history of violence. Both groups were recruited according to the predetermined inclusion criteria (women aged 18-45 years, continuous marital relationship, no history of depression in current or previous pregnancies, and singleton pregnancy). Women were asked to complete the Arabic validated NorVold Domestic Abuse Questionnaire (measuring four types of abuse: emotional, physical, sexual, and violence in the health care system, the last one being excluded). Depression was evaluated using the Arabic validated form of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (comprises 10 questions that represent patients’ feelings in the last 7 days). The main outcome measure was to assess the association between intimate partner violence and depression. Results We recruited 158 women in each group. Both groups were matched in their demographic characters. Although emotional violence was reported prominently among women exposed to IPV 87.9% (139/158), it was not significantly reported in depressed women (P value 0.084). Physical and sexual violence were significantly reported among depressed women (P value 0.022 and 0.001, respectively). There was a significant difference between women exposed to violence and those who were not exposed to violence in the total depression scores (13.63 ± 5.47 and 10.65 ± 5.44, respectively with a p value < 0.001). Emotional (p value < 0.001) and sexual violence (mild and severe with p value of 0.026 and 0.002 respectively) had significant roles as risk factors for depression during pregnancy in single regression and after control of other confounders. Conclusion There was a strong association between intimate partner violence and depression during pregnancy.

Head Trauma in a Community-Based Sample of Victims of Intimate Partner Violence: Prevalence, Mechanisms of Injury and Symptom Presentation

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110163
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Meyer ◽  
Varna Jammula ◽  
Peter A. Arnett
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Difficulty Breathing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Subconcussive Head Trauma

Objective. The present study aimed to explore the prevalence of subconcussive head trauma, traumatic brain injury (TBI), potential hypoxic events, and hypoxic brain injury (HBI) in victims of physical intimate partner violence (IPV). The study also aimed to characterize the injury presentation and mechanisms of injury in this population. Method. A group of 47 female participants with a history of at least one relationship that included physical violence completed a structured interview assessing for subconcussive hits, TBI, and HBI. Participants ranged in age from 19 to 55, and had an average of 15.3 years of education. Forty-four participants completed the structured interview in person and three participants completed the interview over the phone. Results. The majority of participants reported sustaining at least one impact to the head and approximately half of the participants sustained at least one impact that resulted in a mild TBI. Approximately half of the participants experienced at least one incident of having difficulty breathing due to a violent act from their partner, and approximately one-third of participants reported symptoms consistent with mild HBI. The most common mechanisms of injury were being hit with a closed fist and being strangled. Conclusions. The high levels of head trauma observed in this study highlight the need for clinical and community providers to screen victims of physical IPV for head trauma. The unique characteristics of this population (female sex, high frequency of injuries, and presence of HBIs) indicate that research evaluating the cognitive effects of injuries in this population is needed.

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