I sintomi traumatici mediano la relazione fra maltrattamento fisico infantile e il rischio in etŕ adulta di maltrattamento?

2011 ◽  
pp. 11-45
Author(s):  
Joel Milner ◽  
Cynthia Thomsen ◽  
Julie Crouch ◽  
Mandy Rabenhorst ◽  
Patricia Martens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Child Physical Abuse ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Us Navy ◽  
Ipv Intimate Partner Violence

: anche se la trasmissione intergenerazionale della violenza familiare č stata ben documentata, il meccanismo responsabile di questo effetto non č stato ancora completamente accertato. Il presente studio valuta se i sintomi traumatici mediano la relazione fra una storia di maltrattamento fisico infantile (CPA, Child Physical Abuse) e il rischio in etŕ adulta di perpetrare il maltrattamento fisico (rischio di CPA in etŕ adulta), e se tale mediazione sia uguale per le donne e per gli uomini.: reclute femminili e maschili della Marina Statunitense (USN, US Navy) (N = 5.394) e studenti universitari (N = 716) hanno completato un questionario self-report riguardante la loro storia di maltrattamento infantile (nello specifico, maltrattamento fisico infantile e abuso sessuale infantile [CSA, Child Sexual Abuse]), l'esposizione alla violenza intima tra i partner (IPV, Intimate Partner Violence), attuali sintomi traumatici, e il rischio in etŕ adulta di perpetrare il maltrattamento fisico infantile.: come atteso, č stata riscontrata una forte associazione fra una storia di maltrattamento fisico infantile e il rischio di CPA in etŕ adulta. Questa associazione č risultata significativa anche dopo aver controllato le variabili demografiche e l'esposizione infantile ad altre forme di violenza (CSA e IPV), e la forza della relazione non č risultata variare in base alle variabili demografiche o all'esposizione ad altre forme di violenza. Tuttavia, l'associazione fra una storia di CPA e il rischio di CPA in etŕ adulta č risultata piů forte fra i soggetti con alti punteggi di evitamento difensivo rispetto ai soggetti con bassi punteggi. L'associazione fra una storia di CPA e il rischio di CPA in etŕ adulta č risultata largamente, ma non interamente, mediata dai sintomi psicologici traumatici. La mediazione č stata osservata per gli uomini e per le donne sia del campione della Marina Statunitense sia degli studenti universitari.: i sintomi traumatici associati ad una storia di CPA rendono conto di una sostanziale parte della relazione fra una storia di CPA e il rischio in etŕ adulta di perpetrare il maltrattamento fisico infantile sia negli uomini sia nelle donne.: nella misura in cui i sintomi traumatici sono un meccanismo a partire dal quale si verifica la trasmissione intergenerazionale dell'abuso infantile, intervenire per ridurre i sintomi traumatici nelle vittime di CPA ha il potenziale di ridurre il rischio di perpetuare il ciclo della violenza.

Intimate Partner Violence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane S. Sillman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Gay Couples

Intimate-partner violence describes relationships characterized by intentional controlling or violent behavior by someone who is in an intimate relationship with the victim. The abuser’s controlling behavior may take many forms, including psychological abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, economic control, and social isolation. Abuse may ultimately lead to the death of the victim from homicide or suicide. Typically, an abusive relationship goes through cycles of violence. There are periods of calm, followed by increasing tension in the abuser, outbursts of violence, and return to periods of calm. These cycles often spiral toward increasing violence over time. The victims of intimate-partner violence are usually women, but intimate-partner violence is also a significant problem for gay couples and for the disabled and elderly of both sexes. This review discusses the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, outcomes, and prevention of intimate-partner violence. Risk factors for experiencing violence, risk factors for perpetrating violence, and consequences of abuse are also analyzed. This review contains 5 figures, 14 tables, and 30 references. Keywords: Domestic abuse, intimate-partner violence, elder abuse, child abuse, batterer, sexual abuse, physical abuse

Physical Abuse in Childhood as a Predictor of Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among Dating Couples: The Role of Negative Affect During Conflict

Partner Abuse ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne L. Steel ◽  
Laura E. Watkins ◽  
David DiLillo
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Child Physical Abuse ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Dating Couples ◽  
Ipv Perpetration

Adult victims of child physical abuse (CPA) are more likely to perpetrate intimate partner violence (IPV) than are nonvictims. However, not all CPA victims go on to become violent toward their partners, suggesting that other factors moderate risk for IPV perpetration. Drawing on the background-situational model (Riggs & O’Leary, 1989, 1996), this study examines the independent and interactive effects of CPA history and negative affect arising during conflict with an intimate partner in predicting physical IPV perpetration. Fifty-three heterosexual dating couples completed questionnaires assessing CPA history and perpetration of physical IPV. Couples discussed the largest source of conflict in their relationship for 10 min. Videos of these discussions were coded for negative affect. Using an actor partner interdependence model approach to account for the dyadic interdependence of the data, findings revealed that at average levels of negative affect, CPA severity predicted greater IPV perpetration for both men and women. However, at average levels of CPA, negative affect during conflict was positively predictive of IPV perpetration for men only. Findings further revealed an interaction such that for men, the positive association between CPA severity and IPV perpetration became stronger as their negative affect during conflict increased.

“I Still Feel Like I Am Not Normal”: A Review of the Role of Stigma and Stigmatization Among Female Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse, Sexual Assault, and Intimate Partner Violence

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 512-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angie C. Kennedy ◽  
Kristen A. Prock
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Female Survivors ◽  
Self Blame

Child sexual abuse (CSA), sexual assault (SA), and intimate partner violence (IPV) occur within social contexts that shape how survivors judge themselves and are evaluated by others. Because these are gendered sexual and intimate crimes that violate social norms about what is appropriate and acceptable, survivors may experience stigma that includes victim-blaming messages from the broader society as well as specific stigmatizing reactions from others in response to disclosure; this stigmatization can be internalized among survivors as self-blame, shame, and anticipatory stigma. Stigma and stigmatization play an important role in shaping survivors’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviors as they recover; their risk of revictimization; and their help-seeking and attainment process. In this review, we synthesize recent CSA, SA, and IPV research ( N = 123) that examines female survivors’ self-blame, shame, internalized stigma, and anticipatory stigma as well as negative social reactions in response to survivors’ disclosure. We highlight critical findings as well as implications for research, practice, and policy, and we note gaps in our current knowledge.

scholarly journals Identification of Intimate Partner Violence from Free Text Descriptions in Social Media

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phan Trinh Ha ◽  
Rhea D'Silva ◽  
Ethan Chen ◽  
Mehmet Koyuturk ◽  
Gunnur Karakurt
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Free Text

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a significant public health problem that adversely affects the well-being of victims. IPV is often under-reported and non-physical forms of violence may not be recognized as IPV, even by victims. With the increasing popularity of social media and due to the anonymity provided by some of these platforms, people feel comfortable sharing descriptions of their relationship problems in social media. The content generated in these platforms can be useful in identifying IPV and characterizing the prevalence, causes, consequences, and correlates of IPV in broad populations. However, these descriptions are in the form of free text and no corpus of labeled data is available to perform large-scale computational and statistical analyses. Here, we use data from established questionnaires that are used to collect self-report data on IPV to train machine learning models to predict IPV from free text. Using Universal Sentence Encoder (USE) along with multiple machine learning algorithms (Random Forest, SVM, Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes), we develop DETECTIPV, a tool for detecting IPV in free text. Using DETECTIPV, we comprehensively characterize the predictability of different types of violence (Physical Abuse, Emotional Abuse, Sexual Abuse) from free text. Our results show that a general model that is trained using examples of all violence types can identify IPV from free text with area under the ROC curve (AUROC) 89%. We also train type-specific models and observe that Physical Abuse can be identified with greatest accuracy (AUROC 98%), while Sexual Abuse can be identified with high precision but relatively low recall. While our results indicate that the prediction of Emotional Abuse is the most challenging, DETECTIPV can identify Emotional Abuse with AUROC above 80%. These results establish DETECTIPV as a tool that can be used to reliably detect IPV in the context of various applications, ranging from flagging social media posts to detecting IPV in large text corpuses for research purposes. DETECTIPV is available as a web service at https://ipvlab.case.edu/ipvdetect/.

Intimate Partner Violence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane S. Sillman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Gay Couples

Intimate-partner violence describes relationships characterized by intentional controlling or violent behavior by someone who is in an intimate relationship with the victim. The abuser’s controlling behavior may take many forms, including psychological abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, economic control, and social isolation. Abuse may ultimately lead to the death of the victim from homicide or suicide. Typically, an abusive relationship goes through cycles of violence. There are periods of calm, followed by increasing tension in the abuser, outbursts of violence, and return to periods of calm. These cycles often spiral toward increasing violence over time. The victims of intimate-partner violence are usually women, but intimate-partner violence is also a significant problem for gay couples and for the disabled and elderly of both sexes. This review discusses the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, outcomes, and prevention of intimate-partner violence. Risk factors for experiencing violence, risk factors for perpetrating violence, and consequences of abuse are also analyzed. This review contains 5 figures, 14 tables, and 30 references. Keywords: Domestic abuse, intimate-partner violence, elder abuse, child abuse, batterer, sexual abuse, physical abuse

scholarly journals Sexual and physical intimate partner violence among women using antenatal care in Nampula, Mozambique

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eusébio Chaquisse ◽  
Sílvia Fraga ◽  
Paula Meireles ◽  
Glória Macassa ◽  
Joaquim Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Intimate Partner Violence

The aim was to estimate the prevalence of sexual and physical intimate partner violence (IPV) and its associated factors, in a sample of pregnant women using antenatal care (ANC) in Nampula province - Mozambique. This cross-sectional study was carried out in six health units in Nampula, from February 2013 to January 2014. Overall, 869 participants answered the Conflict Tactics Scale 2. The lifetime and past year prevalence of sexual abuse was 49% and 46%, and of physical abuse was 46% and 44%, respectively. Lifetime and past year sexual abuse was significantly associated with living as a couple, alcohol drinking and having a past diagnosis of gonorrhea. Lifetime and past year physical abuse increased significantly with age and was associated with living as a couple, alcohol drinking and history with syphilis. The prevalence of lifetime and previous year violence among women using ANC was high and similar showing that most women were constantly exposed to IPV. ANC provides a window of opportunity for identifying and acting on violence against women.

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