scholarly journals What Predicts Hospital Admissions in Community-Dwelling People With Parkinsonism?

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Roshan Sebastian ◽  
William K. Gray ◽  
Aishling Foley ◽  
Lydia Trendall ◽  
Doori Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Nonmotor Symptoms ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Yahr Stage

Objectives: Previous studies have looked at the reasons for hospital admission in people with parkinsonism (PwP), yet few have looked at factors that precipitate admission. Methods: People with parkinsonism with a diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson disease of Hoehn and Yahr stage III-V and those with Parkinson plus syndromes were assessed for motor and nonmotor symptoms, quality of life, and functional performance. Logistic regression was used to investigate predictors of hospital admission over the subsequent 2 years. Results: Overall, 162 patients consented to be part of the study. Seventy-one PwP (43.8%) had at least 1 hospital admission, and 17 (10.5%) patients had 3 or more admissions to hospital. Poorer cognition, more nonmotor symptoms, poorer quality of life, slower timed-up-and-go test scores, and abnormal swallow predicted a subsequent hospital admission. Discussion: Our study emphasizes the importance of nonmotor symptoms in predicting admission. A cost–benefit analysis of early intervention to prevent admission should be considered.

PP017 Social Cost Benefit Analysis Of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Alcohol And Cannabis Addiction

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 75-76
Author(s):  
Paul van Gils ◽  
Eelco Over ◽  
Anita Suijkerbuijk ◽  
Joran Lokkerbol ◽  
Ardine de Wit
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Social Cost ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Addiction Care

INTRODUCTION:Due to their chronic nature and high prevalence, alcohol and cannabis addiction leads to a significant (disease) burden and high costs, both for those involved and for society. The latter includes effects on health care, quality of life, employment, criminality, education, social security, violence in the public and private domain, and traffic accidents. In the Netherlands, a considerable number of people with an alcohol or cannabis addiction currently do not receive addiction care. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is effective as a treatment for both alcohol and cannabis addiction and is widely used in specialized addiction care centers. This social cost-benefit analysis (SCBA) models costs and benefits of increasing the uptake of CBT for persons with an alcohol addiction and for adolescents with a cannabis addiction, taking into account a wide range of social costs and effects (1).METHODS:The method follows general Dutch guidance for performing SCBA. A literature search was conducted to evaluate efficacy of CBT for alcohol and cannabis dependence. In addition, the social costs of alcohol and cannabis addiction for society were mapped, and the costs of enhancing the uptake of CBT were explored. Costs and benefits of increased uptake of CBT for different social domains were modeled for a ten year period, and compared with current (unchanged) uptake during this period. Compliance problems (about 50 percent of clients do not finish CBT) and fall-back to addiction behavior (decrease of effects of CBT over time) were taken into account in model estimations.RESULTS:Per client treated with CBT, the estimated benefits to society are EUR10,000-14,000 and EUR9,700-13,000, for alcohol and cannabis addiction, respectively. These benefits result from reduced morbidity and mortality, improved quality of life, higher productivity, fewer traffic accidents, and fewer criminal activities.CONCLUSIONS:This SCBA shows that not only treated clients but also society will benefit from an increase in people treated with CBT in specialized addiction care centers.

scholarly journals Use of the Airway Questionnaire 20 to Detect Changes in Quality of Life in Asthmatic Patients and its Association with the St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire and Clinical Parameters

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thida Win ◽  
Linda Pearce ◽  
James Nathan ◽  
Fay Cafferty ◽  
Clare Laroche
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Flow Number ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Bland Altman Method ◽  
St George's Respiratory Questionnaire

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The usefulness of the Airway Questionnaire 20 (AQ20) – a short version of the St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) – to evaluate quality of life (QOL) in asthmatic patients following a hospital admission was assessed.METHODS: At baseline and at six months following the index admission, 135 asthmatic patients were asked to complete the AQ20 and the SGRQ. The patient’s peak flow, number of subsequent asthma exacerbations and number of repeat hospital admissions were also recorded.RESULTS: The AQ20 scores ranged from 0 to 20, with a high score indicating poor QOL. The AQ20 had good coverage, with no obvious ceiling or floor effects. In multiple regression analysis, all three SGRQ components were important in predicting AQ20 scores (R2values were 61.9% and 73.1% for baseline and six-month scores, respectively). The AQ20 was closely correlated with the SGRQ, but not redundant when used together. Bias was low when the retest reliability of the AQ20 was evaluated using the Bland-Altman method, but variation was high (−0.64). Patients with subsequent exacerbations (n=52) had higher AQ20 scores at six-month follow-up (P=0.002). In logistic regression, the AQ20 score was closely associated with the incidence of exacerbations (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.25), with a similar magnitude of association between the AQ20 and the SGRQ. The AQ20 score did not correlate with peak flow at baseline (r=−0.05; P=0.573) or at six months (r=−0.31; P=0.006), and was not responsive to changes in peak flow (r=−0.06; P=0.583).CONCLUSION: The AQ20 can be substituted for the more complicated SGRQ in the assessment of QOL in patients following a hospital admission for an asthma exacerbation.

scholarly journals Improving the quality of life in cities using community gardens: from benefits for members to benefits for all local residents

GeoScape ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Dubová ◽  
Jan Macháč
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Community Gardens ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Community Garden ◽  
Local Residents

Abstract Recent effects of globalization, urbanization and climate change have resulted in an increasing interest in the quality of life in cities and seeking pathways for its improvement. At the same time, there are changes in society and lifestyles that may challenge or facilitate these pathways. Community gardens (CGs) represent an effort to provide more sustainable urban economies, while reflecting on the public demand for cultivation of own crops. However, members of CGs may not perceive all the benefits that CGs provide for their surroundings. Using two case studied from Czechia (CG Kuchyňka and CG Vidimova in Prague) the aim of this paper is a comparison of the benefits perceived by community garden members and the evaluated net social benefits of community gardens in cities for all local residents. Through a questionnaire survey, the paper answers the research question of the benefits of community gardens perceived by community garden members. An economic assessment based on cost-benefit analysis was made to answer the question of the value of the net social benefits of community gardens in cities. Our comparison shows that the net social benefits are higher than perceived by their members. Net present benefits of EUR 31 550 for CG Kuchyňka and EUR 1 175 for CG Vidimova were quantified in a 50-year horizon. This economic analysis should contribute to greater support for community gardens by city governments and spatial planners.

scholarly journals Social cost-benefit analysis of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for alcohol and cannabis addiction

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
E A B Over ◽  
P F van Gils ◽  
A W M Suijkerbuijk ◽  
J Lokkerbo ◽  
G A de Wit
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Youth Care ◽  
Alcohol Addiction ◽  
Early School ◽  
Other Regarding ◽  
Addiction Care

Abstract Background A considerable number of people with an alcohol or cannabis addiction currently do not receive addiction care. Some hundreds of thousands persons in the Netherlands suffer from alcohol dependency, while some tens of thousands adolescents suffer from cannabis addiction. Methods A (hypothetically) enhanced uptake of CBT in specialized addiction care centers was modeled using the SCBA approach. Two SCBA’s were performed: one with respect to alcohol addiction and the other regarding cannabis addiction among adolescents. Results Per person treated with CGT, these benefits accumulate to about 12,000 euro (range 10.000 - 14.000 euro). These profits originate from improved health and less mortality, improved quality of life and higher productivity. A decrease in the number of persons with an alcohol addiction will also lead to lower costs for police and justice following from less criminal activities. Furthermore, CGT is effective as treatment for adolescents with cannabis addiction. Per person treated with CGT, societal benefits accumulate to about 11.000 euro (range 9.700 - 13.000 euro). Here, the net benefits arise from improved health, improved quality of life, reduced early school leaving and higher incomes for those clients who have successfully participated in CGT in addiction care. Conclusions This study shows that society can benefit from an increase in people treated with CGT in specialized addiction care. Such an increase in number of people treated could for instance be realized by educational programs for professionals who come across people with dependency problems, such as general practitioners, professionals working in emergency care and youth care.

scholarly journals Health-Related Problems and Drivers of Health-Related Quality of Life Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 215013272091372
Author(s):  
Watcharaporn Taburee ◽  
Supinda Sirilak ◽  
Rossukon Khotcharrat ◽  
Prattana Anekpunyakul ◽  
Piyameth Dilokthornsakul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Purpose: The aims of this study were to explore prevalence of health-related problems and identify factors associated with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among community-dwelling older adults (CDOAs) in rural Thailand. Methods: A total of 384 CDOAs with mean age of 71 years (SD = 7.6) were recruited. The Thai Ministry of Public Health’s comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) was used to measure the CDOAs’ health conditions in the primary care unit of community hospitals. HRQOL of the participants was assessed by using the EQ-5D questionnaire. Results: The results showed that the most common health-related problems were risk of glaucoma (89.6%) and hypertension (64.6%). The HRQOL were predicted by the incidence of falls (β = −0.076, P < .001), Timed Up and Go Test (β = −0.087, P < .001), and age (β = −0.667, P = .002). Discussion: This study highlighted the need to incorporate CGA in family practice, which included risk of falls assessment by measuring TUG test, fall prevention, and to provide resources for caring older adults at home which ultimately will improve CDOAs’ quality of life.

Results of 100 consecutive laparoscopic distal pancreatectomies: postoperative outcome, cost-benefit analysis, and quality of life assessment

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1871-1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Braga ◽  
Nicolò Pecorelli ◽  
Denise Ferrari ◽  
Gianpaolo Balzano ◽  
Walter Zuliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Postoperative Outcome ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Quality Of Life Assessment

scholarly journals Well-Being and Public Policy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bronsteen ◽  
Christopher Buccafusco ◽  
Jonathan Masur
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Laws And Policies

Governments rely on certain basic metrics and tools to analyze prospective laws and policies and to monitor how well their countries are doing. In the United States, cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is the primary tool for analyzing prospective policies, especially with respect to administrative regulations. Similarly, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is perhaps the most prominent metric for monitoring a country's progress. In recent years, one of the most important developments in social science has been the emergence of psychological research measuring subjective well-being (SWB) or ‘happiness’. This article first explains the way in which SWB is measured and how those measurements have been validated. It then discusses well-being analysis (WBA), which uses happiness data to analyze prospective policies more accurately than does CBA. Next, it covers the ways in which SWB data have been used to generate prices that can be used by traditional economic analysis. This is followed by a discussion of attempts to revise CBA to deal with the limitations stemming from the fact that it uses wealth to assess the effects of policy on quality of life. Finally, the article lays out the progress made towards creating an SWB-based alternative to GDP.

Cumulative Effect of Visual Impairment, Multimorbidity, and Frailty on Intrinsic Capacity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 670-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanda W. T. Ho ◽  
Cynthia Chen ◽  
Reshma Aziz Merchant
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Intrinsic Capacity ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Objectives: We aim to determine the prevalence of vision impairment (VI) and its cumulative impact on multimorbidity, frailty, physical and cognitive function, and quality of life. Method: In all, 780 community-dwelling older adults were interviewed for demographic data and a one-off physical activity screening. Covariate measurements include vision via Snellen chart, multimorbidity, five-item FRAIL (Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses, & Loss of Weight) scale and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Outcome variables taken were Barthel Index, Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale, grip strength, Timed Up and Go (TUG), and EuroQol 5D (EQ-5D). Results: In all, 426 (54.6%) were female, mean age was 71.3 ± 0.2 years; 240 (30.8%) had VI. The interaction between VI, multimorbidity, and frailty significantly impacts grip strength, TUG, quality of life, and IADL. Discussion: Our study is the first to look at the interaction of VI, multimorbidity, frailty, and its combined impact on key domains of intrinsic capacity. Our results further support vision screening to enable aging in place and highlight importance of screening for frailty and cognition in those with VI.

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