Pediatric Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy

1989 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Lisa S. Lifshin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Fluid Replacement ◽  
Patient History ◽  
Maintenance Fluid ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Maintenance Fluid Therapy ◽  
Adequate Method ◽  
In Infants And Children

Fluid and electrolyte therapies in pediatric patients are reviewed. Physiologically, the proportion of body water to body weight is different in infants and children than adults. This difference makes managing the pediatric patient an intricate task. Several factors that may increase or decrease fluid needs are discussed. The main goals of deficit/replacement and maintenance therapies are reviewed. Laboratory analyses assist in evaluating the types of dehydration states. The degree of dehydration may be established by patient history and physical examination. The 5%, 10%, and 15% rule of dehydration is an adequate method for estimating proper fluid replacement. Maintenance fluid therapy is evaluated and described for certain pediatric disease states, such as pyloric stenosis, burns, and surgery. Guidelines are presented for each situation, but each patient should be treated on an individual basis.

Comparison between Glucose Containing Solution D2.5% and Ringer Lactate as a Maintenance Fluid Management in Infants Undergoing Inguinal Hernia Repair

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hosny Hasan Mohamed ◽  
Dalia Abd El Hameed Mohamad Nasr ◽  
Amin Mohamed El Ansary
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Inguinal Hernia ◽  
Hernia Repair ◽  
Inguinal Hernia Repair ◽  
Fluid Therapy ◽  
Fluid Management ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ringer Lactate ◽  
Maintenance Fluid ◽  
Maintenance Fluid Therapy

Abstract Background Infants and neonates are at particular risk of hypoglycemia when suffering from sepsis, asphyxia and hypothermia. A prospective study showed that up to 20% of preterm infants who were ready for discharge were still at risk of hypoglycemia when a feed was delayed. In contrast, surgery and critical illness may cause hyperglycemia. Objectives The aim of this study is to Assessment of glucose containing solutions 2.5 % as a maintenance fluid management intra operative in infants undergoing hernia repair as regard hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Patients and Methods The study was conducted on 100 randomly chosen patients aged from 28 days to 1 year, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I scheduled for elective open inguinal hernia repair in Ain Shams University Hospitals after approval of the medical ethical committee. They were allocated in two groups of 50 patients each: Ringer lactate Group: patients received ringer lactate as maintenance fluid therapy according to body weight, glucose containing solution: patients received glucose containing solution 2.5% as maintenance fluid therapy according to body weight. Results The results of the study revealed that 12% of patients receiving glucose containing solution 2.5 % had simple hyperglycemia with no hypoglycemic patients recorded while the other group with ringer lactate 2% of patients had simple hyperglycemia and 4% of patients had hypoglycemia . Conclusion The usage of glucose containing solution 2.5% remained controversial, in this study we compared glucose 2.5 % in normal saline 0,9 % to ringer lactate and the results didn’t put a final decision to the usage of glucose containing solutions as The results of the study revealed that 12% of patients receiving glucose containing solution 2.5 % had simple hyperglycemia with no hypoglycemic patients recorded while the other group with ringer lactate 2% of patients had simple hyperglycemia and 4% of patients had hypoglycemia.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics of Gatifloxacin in Infants and Children

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 1106-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund V. Capparelli ◽  
Michael D. Reed ◽  
John S. Bradley ◽  
Gregory L. Kearns ◽  
Richard F. Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Tablet Formulation ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Apparent Clearance ◽  
Pediatric Infections ◽  
Dose Escalating ◽  
In Infants And Children

ABSTRACT Gatifloxacin is an 8-methoxy fluoroquinolone effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens common in pediatric infections. The safety and pharmacokinetics of a single dose of gatifloxacin were studied in pediatric patients from 6 months to 16 years of age. Seventy-six pediatric patients (average age, 6.7 ± 5.0 years) were administered a single oral dose of gatifloxacin suspension (5, 10, or 15 mg/kg of body weight; 600-mg maximum) in a dose-escalating manner. Subjects were stratified by age into 4 groups. An additional 12 children, greater than 6 years of age, received gatifloxacin as the tablet formulation at a dose of approximately 10 mg/kg. Gatifloxacin's apparent clearance and half-life were 5.5 ± 2.1 ml/min/kg and 5.1 ± 1.4 h. The maximum concentration of drug in plasma and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) increased in a manner approximately proportional to the dose. At the 10-mg/kg dose, the bioavailability was similar between the suspension and tablet formulation. The apparent oral clearance of gatifloxacin, normalized for body weight, exhibited a small but statistically significant decrease with increasing age. In all subjects receiving gatifloxacin at 10 mg/kg, the AUC exceeded 20 μg · h/ml (estimated free AUC/MIC ratio of ≥34 for MIC of ≤0.5 μg/ml). These data suggest that gatifloxacin at a dose of 10 mg/kg every 24 h will achieve therapeutic concentrations in plasma in infants and children.

scholarly journals Optic Neuritis in Pediatric Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Atik Rahmawati ◽  
Dina Fatmawati
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Atypical Symptoms ◽  
Ophthalmologic Examination ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Optic neuritis denotes an inflammation of the optic nerve characterized by loss of vision progressing over a few hours to a few days. Based on the site involved, optic neuritis is classified as retrobulbar (2/3 cases), atypical, and typical optic neuritis. In some cases, pediatric patients with optic neuritis have atypical symptoms and signs and no comprehensive medical history leading to a challenging diagnosis. In this case series, we report cases of optic neuritis in pediatric patients at different ages and clinical features treated with methylprednisolone 1 mg/kg body weight and oral mecobalamin and respective management. With a poor initial vision at presentation, the patients recovered rapidly.  The diagno-sis of optic neuritis was based on anamnesis, ophthalmologic examination, and simple laboratory and physical examination. The administration of steroids at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight followed by a taper of dose can improve vision loss.

Hydration in acute diarrhoea in childhood: use of dioralyte

1979 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 51-52
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Fluid Replacement ◽  
In Infants And Children

In infants and children with acute diarrhoea the major need is to correct water and electrolyte losses.1 Parenteral fluid replacement is urgently needed if the child is very dehydrated, i.e. has lost more than 5% of his body weight, but otherwise water and electrolyte repletion can usually be achieved using a suitable oral fluid.

Aortic and Hepatic Contrast Enhancement with Abdominal 64-MDCT in Pediatric Patients: Effect of Body Weight and Iodine Dose

2008 ◽  
Vol 191 (5) ◽  
pp. 1589-1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyongtae T. Bae ◽  
Amisha J. Shah ◽  
Sherry S. Shang ◽  
Jin Hong Wang ◽  
Samuel Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Iodine Dose

scholarly journals Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in infants and children

2021 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. E292-E296
Author(s):  
Tone Lise Åvitsland ◽  
Lars Aabakken
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Biliary Stricture ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Endoscopic Retrograde ◽  
Procedure Codes ◽  
In Infants And Children

Abstract Background and study aims Previous reports have suggested that endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in pediatric patients are safe. However, the total number of cases presented in the literature remains small. We present results regarding safety and outcomes in pediatric patients undergoing ERCP at Oslo University Hospital. Patients and methods Patients < 18 years who underwent ERCP between April 1999 and November 2017 were identified using procedure codes. Medical records were examined for age, gender, diagnosis, indications, type of sedation, findings, interventions, and complications. Results A total of 244 procedures were performed in 158 patients. Fifty-six of these were in 53 infants (age ≤ 1 year). Mean age was 8.8 years. The youngest patient was 8 days old. Mean weight was 5.0 kg in infants, the smallest weighing 2.9 kg. Cannulation failed in 19 (7.8 %). The main indication in infants was suspicion of biliary atresia (n = 38). Six of the procedures (10.7 %) were therapeutic. In children the main indications were biliary stricture (n = 64) and investigation of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) (n = 45). 119 (63.2 %) of these procedures were therapeutic.Complications were uncommon in infants; only two episodes of infection were registered. In children (> 1 year) post-ERCP pancreatitis were seen in 10.4 %. Conclusions Our retrospective series of ERCP procedures includes 56 procedures in infants, which is one of the largest series presented. Complications in infants are rare and post-ERCP pancreatitis was not seen. In older children 10.4 % experienced post-ERCP pancreatitis. In expert hands, ERCP was shown to be acceptably feasible and safe in infants and children.

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