Hydration in acute diarrhoea in childhood: use of dioralyte

1979 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 51-52
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Fluid Replacement ◽  
In Infants And Children

In infants and children with acute diarrhoea the major need is to correct water and electrolyte losses.1 Parenteral fluid replacement is urgently needed if the child is very dehydrated, i.e. has lost more than 5% of his body weight, but otherwise water and electrolyte repletion can usually be achieved using a suitable oral fluid.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics of Gatifloxacin in Infants and Children

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 1106-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund V. Capparelli ◽  
Michael D. Reed ◽  
John S. Bradley ◽  
Gregory L. Kearns ◽  
Richard F. Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Tablet Formulation ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Apparent Clearance ◽  
Pediatric Infections ◽  
Dose Escalating ◽  
In Infants And Children

ABSTRACT Gatifloxacin is an 8-methoxy fluoroquinolone effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens common in pediatric infections. The safety and pharmacokinetics of a single dose of gatifloxacin were studied in pediatric patients from 6 months to 16 years of age. Seventy-six pediatric patients (average age, 6.7 ± 5.0 years) were administered a single oral dose of gatifloxacin suspension (5, 10, or 15 mg/kg of body weight; 600-mg maximum) in a dose-escalating manner. Subjects were stratified by age into 4 groups. An additional 12 children, greater than 6 years of age, received gatifloxacin as the tablet formulation at a dose of approximately 10 mg/kg. Gatifloxacin's apparent clearance and half-life were 5.5 ± 2.1 ml/min/kg and 5.1 ± 1.4 h. The maximum concentration of drug in plasma and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) increased in a manner approximately proportional to the dose. At the 10-mg/kg dose, the bioavailability was similar between the suspension and tablet formulation. The apparent oral clearance of gatifloxacin, normalized for body weight, exhibited a small but statistically significant decrease with increasing age. In all subjects receiving gatifloxacin at 10 mg/kg, the AUC exceeded 20 μg · h/ml (estimated free AUC/MIC ratio of ≥34 for MIC of ≤0.5 μg/ml). These data suggest that gatifloxacin at a dose of 10 mg/kg every 24 h will achieve therapeutic concentrations in plasma in infants and children.

Pediatric Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy

1989 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Lisa S. Lifshin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Fluid Replacement ◽  
Patient History ◽  
Maintenance Fluid ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Maintenance Fluid Therapy ◽  
Adequate Method ◽  
In Infants And Children

Fluid and electrolyte therapies in pediatric patients are reviewed. Physiologically, the proportion of body water to body weight is different in infants and children than adults. This difference makes managing the pediatric patient an intricate task. Several factors that may increase or decrease fluid needs are discussed. The main goals of deficit/replacement and maintenance therapies are reviewed. Laboratory analyses assist in evaluating the types of dehydration states. The degree of dehydration may be established by patient history and physical examination. The 5%, 10%, and 15% rule of dehydration is an adequate method for estimating proper fluid replacement. Maintenance fluid therapy is evaluated and described for certain pediatric disease states, such as pyloric stenosis, burns, and surgery. Guidelines are presented for each situation, but each patient should be treated on an individual basis.

Understanding Limited Use of Amplification in Infants and Children Who Are Hard of Hearing

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan W. McCreery ◽  
Elizabeth A. Walker ◽  
Meredith Spratford
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Infants And Children

The effectiveness of amplification for infants and children can be mediated by how much the child uses the device. Existing research suggests that establishing hearing aid use can be challenging. A wide range of factors can influence hearing aid use in children, including the child's age, degree of hearing loss, and socioeconomic status. Audiological interventions, including using validated prescriptive approaches and verification, performing on-going training and orientation, and communicating with caregivers about hearing aid use can also increase hearing aid use by infants and children. Case examples are used to highlight the factors that influence hearing aid use. Potential management strategies and future research needs are also discussed.

MRI FINDINGS OF MITOCHONDRIAL DISEASES IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Chi ◽  
HF Lee ◽  
CR Tsai ◽  
CH Chen ◽  
LH Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Diseases ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
In Infants And Children
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