Tooth Enamel Thickness in the Mature Dentition of Domestic Dogs and Cats - Preliminary Study

AbstractThe interaction of an Nd:YAG laser, operating at 532 nm with 40 ps pulse duration, with human teeth was studied. The results show that teeth were significantly modified at an energy fluence of about 11 J/cm2. Various surface morphologies of enamel and dentine were recorded. Features on enamel include crater (conical form) in the central part and cauliflower morphology at the periphery, whereas on dentine the crater looks like a stretched dome between sharp edges. The behavior of the enamel-dentine junction area showed different morphology with respect to both tooth enamel and dentine alone. Finally, the junction channel showed a removal of collagen fibers and the formation of a needle-like bottom structure. Generally, this investigation showed that the picosecond Nd:YAG laser can ablate a tooth surface practically instantaneously, implying that large tooth surfaces can be processed in short time.

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Assessment of the Potential Ability to Penetrate into the Hard Tissues of the Root of an Experimental Preparation with the Characteristics of a Dental Infiltrate, Enriched with an Antimicrobial Component—Preliminary Study

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14195654 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (19) ◽

pp. 5654

Author(s):

Małgorzata Fischer ◽

Małgorzata Skucha-Nowak ◽

Bartosz Chmiela ◽

Anna Korytkowska-Wałach

Keyword(s):

Elderly Patients ◽

Bacterial Adhesion ◽

Control Sample ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Low Viscosity ◽

Carious Lesions ◽

Electron And Light Microscopy ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Tooth Tissue ◽

Experimental Preparation

Infiltration is a method of penetration with a low viscosity resin that penetrates deep into demineralised tooth tissue and fills the intergranular spaces, hence reducing porosity. Carious lesions initially located at the enamel–cement junction are usually found in elderly patients. Those spots are predisposed to bacterial adhesion originating both from biofilm and from gingival pocket bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the penetration of an experimental preparation, which has the characteristics of a dental infiltrant, enriched with an antibacterial component, into the decalcified root cement tissues of extracted human teeth in elderly patients. An experimental preparation with the characteristics of a dental infiltrant was prepared, applied, and polymerised on the surface of extracted, previously decalcified human teeth. The control sample was Icon (DMG, Hamburg, Germany). The ability of the preparations to penetrate deep into the root cement was evaluated using scanning electron and light microscopy. The study showed that an experimental preparation could potentially be used for treatment of early carious lesions within the tooth root in elderly patients, among others, as it penetrates deep into demineralised tissues. More research is needed.

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Influence of different types of whitening tooth pastes on the tooth color, enamel surface roughness and enamel morphology of human teeth

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.20811.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 1764

Author(s):

Mohamed Shamel ◽

Mahmoud M. Al-Ankily ◽

Mahmoud M. Bakr

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Tooth Enamel ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Enamel Surface ◽

Tooth Surface ◽

Tooth Whitening ◽

Sem Images ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Tooth Color ◽

Different Types

Background: Tooth whitening usually includes the direct use of gels containing carbamide or hydrogen peroxide on the tooth enamel surface through a wide variety of products formulas. A generally new advancement in whitening of teeth uses the significant importance of the tooth color shift from yellow to blue in delivering a general enhancement in the observation of tooth whiteness. The aim of the current work was to measure the tooth whitening effects, surface roughness and enamel morphology of six different types of blue covarine-containing and blue covarine-free toothpastes using in vitro models. Methods: A total of 70 sound extracted human premolars were randomly and equally divided into seven groups, and each subjected to tooth brushing using different toothpastes. Tooth color and enamel surface roughness were measured before and after the brushing procedure using a white light interferometer, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assess tooth surface after the procedure. Results: Toothpaste containing blue covarine resulted in the greatest improvement in tooth color amongst all groups as well as a statistically significant color difference when compared to blue covarine-free toothpaste. Furthermore, blue covarine-containing toothpaste resulted in fewer morphological changes to the enamel surface. This was confirmed with SEM images that showed smooth enamel surfaces with fine scratches. Conclusions: The results from the present study show that blue covarine containing toothpastes are reliable, effective in tooth whitening and produce less surface abrasion when compared to blue covarine-free toothpastes.

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Ultrasound as a Tool to Measure the Wear of Human Tooth Enamel

World Tribology Congress III, Volume 2 ◽

10.1115/wtc2005-63499 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

R. S. Dwyer-Joyce ◽

R. Lewis ◽

M. Goodman

Keyword(s):

Tooth Enamel ◽

Time Of Flight ◽

Resonance Method ◽

Human Tooth ◽

Measurement Tool ◽

Enamel Thickness ◽

Dental Practitioners ◽

Enamel Wear

A reliable tool for assessing the extent of human enamel wear would be useful to dental practitioners. Current in-vivo methods for determining tooth wear are largely qualitative in nature or depend on measurements taken from tooth impressions, which is very time consuming. The aim of this work was to investigate the feasibility of using ultrasound to measure enamel thickness with a view to developing an in-vivo tool for enamel wear assessment. Three different ultrasonic techniques were used in-vitro to take measurements of enamel on extracted teeth. The first used a focusing immersion transducer (25 MHz) and a time of flight approach to obtain enamel thickness. The other two techniques used planar contact probes (10 MHz), the first with a time of flight approach and the second with a resonance method to determine enamel thickness. The results were compared with direct measurements of sectioned teeth. All three methods showed good correlation with these measurements. The contact probe technique was the easiest measurement to carry out, which would also be the simplest to implement in a measurement tool. While the resonance measurements obtained were good, the time of flight approach was thought to be most likely to obtain accurate repeatable measurements.

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Tooth enamel thickness measurement by ultrasound imaging method

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America ◽

10.1121/1.416112 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 100 (4) ◽

pp. 2710-2710 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zhizong Yang

Keyword(s):

Ultrasound Imaging ◽

Tooth Enamel ◽

Thickness Measurement ◽

Imaging Method ◽

Enamel Thickness

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The Effect of Hydroxyapatite on the Remineralization of Dental Fissure Sealant

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.35 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 284-286 ◽

pp. 35-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S.W. Park ◽

Yong Keun Lee ◽

Yeon Ung Kim ◽

Min Chul Kim ◽

Kyoung Nam Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Simulated Body Fluid ◽

Bonding Strength ◽

Body Fluid ◽

Tooth Enamel ◽

Human Tooth ◽

Curing Time ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Fissure Sealant ◽

Human Tooth Enamel ◽

Electronic Microscope

The purpose of this study is to investigate the remineralization of enamel in the human tooth by fissure sealant containing various amount of hydroxyapatite. Prior to remineralization experiments, the necessary requirements of the dental fissure sealant, the curing depth and the curing time, were measured with the content of the hydroxyapatite according to the standard of ISO 6874. Various amount of hydroxyapatite was mixed uniformly using sonicator up to 20 wt% to the fissure sealant. In spite both the curing time and the curing depth were decreased with increasing the content of hydroxyapatite, all samples were satisfied the ISO requirements. Remineralization experimental samples were produced by bonding fissure sealant containing various amount of hydroxyapatite to human tooth enamel using manufacturer’s information. After exposure to the simulated body fluid at 36.5oC for 4 weeks, the bonding strength and the surface morphology were examined using Instron and scanning electronic microscope, respectively. The bonding strength between the fissure sealant and the human teeth was drastically enhanced with the amount of hydroxyapatite. The remineralization zone could be observed along with the boundary of hydroxyapatite and fissure sealant using a scanning electronic microscope.

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Apatite varieties in extant and fossil vertebrate mineralized tissues

Journal of Applied Crystallography ◽

10.1107/s0021889805011404 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 587-594 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Toivo Kallaste ◽

Jüri Nemliher

Keyword(s):

Human Milk ◽

Tooth Enamel ◽

Strain Analysis ◽

Lattice Parameter ◽

Human Tooth ◽

Fish Scale ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Milk Tooth ◽

Fossil Vertebrate ◽

Xrd Patterns

A whole-pattern fitting of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, including lattice-parameter and size–strain analysis, was elaborated and applied to a sample set of extant and fossil vertebrate tooth apatite. Recent and subfossil human tooth enamel and dentine, extant and fossil shark tooth enameloid, sarcopterygian and coelacanth tooth enamels were studied. As comparative materials, a modern coelacanth fish scale and a pharyngeal tooth of bony fish were used. It was found that the enamel apatite of human milk teeth had lattice parameter valuesa≃ 9.4 Å andc≃ 6.88 Å, which are close to the corresponding values of subfossil human teeth. The apatite of fossilized vertebrate teeth always has a loweralattice parameter (about 9.37 Å), while the lattice parametercappears to be more stable, being around 6.88 Å. The strain appears to be correlated with the lattice direction, being around ten times higher in the [hk0] direction. During fossilization, the strain diminished in the [00l] direction, but was random in the perpendicular [hk0] direction. The enamel tissues of vertebrates are built of two discrete crystallite series. About one-third of the human milk tooth enamel is composed of larger crystallites with dimensions of about 400 × 500 Å, and two-thirds of smaller crystallites with dimensions of about 50 × 150 Å. The latter range of dimensions is also characteristic for the crystallites forming the mineral part of human dentine and fish scales. Shark tooth enameloid is also built of two distinct series of apatite crystallites of different sizes and shapes. The larger crystallites (amounting to ∼15% of all crystallites) have approximate dimensions of 500 × 1000 Å, while the smaller ones are 400 × 500 Å. Both series are distinguishable in XRD patterns of modern, Jurassic and Devonian shark enamel.

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