Toward International Comparative Research on Associational Activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 163S-181S ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik W. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
National Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
International Comparative Research ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
International Comparative

This article describes the scope and composition of national associational populations in four similar countries (Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and United States), by way of introducing an important new data release on national associational populations. Special attention is devoted to the subset of associations attending to social inequality issues of gender, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation, and which are of particular interest to social movement and interest group scholars. No evidence is found for the Tocquevillian notion of heightened national-level associational activity in the United States. The nonmembership associational form is, however, particularly prominent in the United States. Associations attending to social inequality issues in the United Kingdom are structured very differently from these other nations, likely as a result of the unitary nature of government in that country rather than a strong federal system.

A cross-comparative international study on the concept of wisdom

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Sánchez-Escobedo ◽  
Kyubin Park ◽  
Liz Hollingworth ◽  
Jurga Misiuniene ◽  
Liena Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
International Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
International Comparative Research ◽  
International Comparative ◽  
Wise Woman ◽  
And Gender

The article aims to depict the most common ideas regarding wisdom from young people across different countries: Latvia, Lithuania, Mexico, Republic of Korea and the United States. A questionnaire was administered to nearly 800 adolescents from these countries and comparisons by country and gender were made regarding participants’ perceptions of a wise man and a wise woman. Although differences were found between countries, more consistent differences by gender were reported. From a global perspective, factor analysis established three major traits to describe wise people: charismatic, goal oriented and unconventional. Also, participants consistently excluded a person from the concept of wise if they were poor, pessimistic, naïve or inconsistent. Results indicate a lack of values attached to the description of wisdom and it is argued that schools should foster the development of conceptions of wisdom as a desirable stage in human development that includes values such as justice, equity and respect for others. Difficulties in international comparative research are discussed.

Does the Victim–Offender Relationship Matter? Exploring the Sentencing of Female Homicide Offenders

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 898-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bitna Kim ◽  
Jurg Gerber ◽  
Yeonghee Kim
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Research ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Female Offenders ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Male Offenders ◽  
International Comparative Research ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
International Comparative

Empirical research pertaining to sentencing of homicide offenders has been restricted almost exclusively to samples of male offenders in the United States. To fill this void in international research and to explore questions regarding the treatment of female homicide offenders further, we examined the extent to which victim–offender relationships and motives independently affect the length of sentences imposed by analyzing a nationally representative sample of female offenders adjudicated guilty of homicide in South Korea, over the period 1986-2013. In contrast to previous studies conducted in Canada, the Netherlands, and the United States, the current study found that the victim–offender relationship has no affect on sentence lengths. Rather, the most significant predictor for the sentence lengths of the female homicide offenders was the motive for killing. We discuss future directions for international comparative research on the roles of victim–offender relationships and motives in sentencing outcomes of female offenders.

The Economic Effects of Deregulation and Decentralisation of Wage Determination

1998 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Dawkins
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Wage Determination ◽  
Transfer System ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
International Comparative Research ◽  
Is Theory ◽  
International Comparative ◽  
Equitable Outcomes

The arguments for and against deregulation and decentralisation of wage determti nation are discussed and the experiences of New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States are reviewed. International comparative research, especially by Calmfors and Driffill (1987) and Dowrick (1993) is discussed. It is concluded that it is very bard to determine the effects of deregulation or decentralisation, because of the problem of establishing the counterfactual. Nonetheless, there is theory and evidence to support the idea that more decentralised and deregulated wage determination can promote efficiency, but will often lead to a wideuing distribution of earnings. It is noted that to a large extent such changes to wage determination are probably endogenous, being determined by such factors as technological change and international competition, and are thus perhaps as much an outcome as a cause. It is argued that despite much criticism of tbe Calmfors and Driffill bypothesis, there is still much merit in it. To tbe extent that it can provide a useful guide to policy in Australia, decentralisation of wage determination appears to be a more viable optioil than centralisation. If adopted, changes to the tax/transfer system sbould also be contemplated to belp promote both efficient and equitable outcomes.

scholarly journals Race, ethnicity, community-level socioeconomic factors, and risk of COVID-19 in the United States and the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 101029
Author(s):  
Chun-Han Lo ◽  
Long H. Nguyen ◽  
David A. Drew ◽  
Erica T. Warner ◽  
Amit D. Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Level ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Nudging the obese: a UK–US consideration

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Oliver ◽  
Peter Ubel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
National Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
The United Kingdom

AbstractOver recent years, nudge policies have become increasingly popular (if somewhat confused) internationally. This article attempts to clarify what a nudge entails, and critically summarises some of the nudge policies that have been proposed to motivate weight loss in the United Kingdom and the United States. Despite the fact that most of the evidence on nudge-related policy has so far been produced in the United States, and that the leading nudge champions are American, the United Kingdom, at least with respect to considering policy interventions of this kind at the national level, appears to be relatively advanced. That said, nudge interventions remain of marginal practical import everywhere, and are never going to solve completely the obesity problem. Nonetheless, even a marginal effect may extend and improve many lives, a result that would satisfy most behavioural economists.

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