scholarly journals Multiwinner approval rules as apportionment methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Brill ◽  
Jean-François Laslier ◽  
Piotr Skowron
Keyword(s):  
Actual Practice ◽  
Approval Voting ◽  
Apportionment Methods

We establish a link between multiwinner elections and apportionment problems by showing how approval-based multiwinner election rules can be interpreted as methods of apportionment. We consider several multiwinner rules and observe that some, but not all, of them induce apportionment methods that are well-established in the literature and in the actual practice of representation, be it proportional or non-proportional. For instance, we show that proportional approval voting induces the D’Hondt method and that Monroe’s rule induces the largest remainder method. Our approach also yields apportionment methods implementing degressive proportionality. Furthermore, we consider properties of apportionment methods and exhibit multiwinner rules that induce apportionment methods satisfying these properties.

Contextualising ‘Sin’ in Chinese Culture: A Historian's Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Actual Practice ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Christian Teaching ◽  
Practice Perspective ◽  
History Of

Is the Christian teaching on sin a ‘stumbling block’ to Chinese accepting Christianity? This paper critiques the notion that Chinese have difficulty comprehending ‘sin’ because of the culture's long-standing belief in the humanistic potential for self-perfection without any reference to the divine. This view of Chinese culture has been too narrow and does not account for the fact that Chinese religious traditions have always had at their disposal a wide variety of resources to comprehend the Christian concept of sin. Incorporating a history-of-practice perspective can contribute to a more productive balance between the representation of Chinese culture and its actual practice and avoid the current tendency to posit Western theology against a narrowly constructed and idealised version of Chinese culture that is severed from both historical and present-day realities.

Re-contextualizing the Framework of Scene for the Empirical Study of Post-institutional Religious Spaces in Practice

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-172
Author(s):  
Marcus Moberg ◽  
Tommy Ramstedt
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Actual Practice ◽  
Western World ◽  
General Decline

Following the continuing general decline of institutional religion across the Western world, scholars have increasingly turned their attention to the emergence of various types of, less conventionally organized, post-institutional forms of religion. Post-institutional religious spaces have, however, often proven difficult to pin down and grasp empirically through already available frameworks and concepts. This article aims to provide an impetus for further methodological discussion on the empirical study of post-institutional religious spaces through re-contextualizing the framework of scene for the study of post-institutional religious spaces in actual practice. The article outlines and explicates the methodological utility of the framework of scene through applying it on a particular geographically located post-institutional religious space: the present-day so-called “fringe-knowledge” scene in Finland.

Legal Fiction: Levirate cum Land Redemption in Ruth

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Adele Berlin
Keyword(s):  
Actual Practice ◽  
Legal Fiction ◽  
Per Se

The article focuses on the use of the levirate and the land redemption in Ruth. It argues that Ruth, drawing on Torah texts, has fictionalized these laws. Ruth’s portrayal of these laws does not depict actual practice in the postexilic era, nor was it intended as a midrash per se on Torah laws. The book of Ruth, a story of return from exile, joined together the levirate and land redemption because these laws address the continuity of family and of inherited property. The story of the Judean family who long ago underwent “exile” and almost lost its family line and its ancestral land, but whose continuity was restored by means of Torah laws, is a metaphor for the exilic or postexilic community, which is being encouraged to see in the Torah the vehicle for its own continuity of people and land. The article also examines possible inner biblical interpretations of the go’el law in Ruth and in Jeremiah 32.

Ontological History

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Actual Practice ◽  
Local Model ◽  
Way Of Life

Part Two duly concludes by spelling out in more detail what this paradigm shift to a non-dualist historicism would involve in actual practice. Essentially, it requires a distinctly recursive mode of analysis, whereby our historical subjects themselves determine the particular terms upon which their world is to be studied. This mode of analysis would begin by trying to establish the local model of social being upon which a given people’ s way of life was premised. This effectively means recovering their particular prevailing metaphysical and ontological certainties, their dominant shared account of what was and could be always already there in their world. The various practices and mechanisms of their way of life can then be analysed according to this same local model of social being. The chapter ends by answering a range of possible questions that readers may have about the proposed paradigm shift, clarifying further its nature, its theoretical parameters, and its analytical purposes.

Infinite-population approval voting: A proposal

Synthese ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Cato ◽  
Eric Rémila ◽  
Philippe Solal
Keyword(s):  
Approval Voting ◽  
Infinite Population

scholarly journals Characterising scoring rules by their solution in iteratively undominated strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Basteck
Keyword(s):  
Monotonicity Property ◽  
Scoring Rules ◽  
The Other ◽  
Approval Voting ◽  
Property A ◽  
Borda Rule ◽  
Scoring Rule ◽  
Direct Mechanism ◽  
Social Choice Correspondence ◽  
Choice Correspondence

AbstractWe characterize voting procedures according to the social choice correspondence they implement when voters cast ballots strategically, applying iteratively undominated strategies. In elections with three candidates, the Borda Rule is the unique positional scoring rule that satisfies unanimity (U) (i.e., elects a candidate whenever it is unanimously preferred) and is majoritarian after eliminating a worst candidate (MEW)(i.e., if there is a unanimously disliked candidate, the majority-preferred among the other two is elected). In a larger class of rules, Approval Voting is characterized by a single axiom that implies both U and MEW but is weaker than Condorcet-consistency (CON)—it is the only direct mechanism scoring rule that is majoritarian after eliminating a Pareto-dominated candidate (MEPD)(i.e., if there is a Pareto-dominated candidate, the majority-preferred among the other two is elected); among all finite scoring rules that satisfy MEPD, Approval Voting is the most decisive. However, it fails a desirable monotonicity property: a candidate that is elected for some preference profile, may lose the election once she gains further in popularity. In contrast, the Borda Rule is the unique direct mechanism scoring rule that satisfies U, MEW and monotonicity (MON). There exists no direct mechanism scoring rule that satisfies both MEPD and MON and no finite scoring rule satisfying CON.

IV The Orator's Education

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 63-77
Author(s):  
Catherine Steel
Keyword(s):  
Actual Practice ◽  
Roman World ◽  
The Creation

The order of chapters in this book may seem paradoxical: the finished orator is considered before the processes by which he reached that state are examined. The order is indeed back-to-front from the perspective of an individual orator's trajectory, whose training must inevitably precede his activity. But in the wider context of an attempt to understand the nature of oratorical training in the Roman world it makes sense to move from the practising orator back to the embryonic form, since the expectations and norms imposed on the fully fledged orator are the foundations which support the system of oratorical education. This observation does not imply any necessary confidence that Roman oratorical education was designed for the creation of orators who met the criteria for and defused the anxieties about oratory which I discussed in the previous chapter. And even if the material which a modern audience can access did suggest that Roman oratorical education was indeed good at producing Roman orators, there is of course no guarantee that actual practice in classrooms across the Empire bore any relation to these writings or displayed any competence at its task. But an awareness of the practice of oratory can usefully inform analysis of how orators were trained.

scholarly journals I wonder if robots will take care of me when I am old: Positive aging representations of professionals working in health promotion services

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 2872-2881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catrinel Craciun ◽  
Uwe Flick
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
Actual Practice ◽  
Active Aging ◽  
Positive Aging ◽  
The Social ◽  
Practice Gap ◽  
Agency Models ◽  
Theory Practice Gap

How the social and institutional context is structured and represented by its actors has an impact on positive aging representations. This qualitative study explores professionals’ views on positive aging, how they promote positive aging in their practice and what disparities occur between their discourses and the actual practice of promoting positive aging. Interviews were conducted with professionals from different active aging promotion services and analyzed with thematic coding. Findings show professionals hold negative views on aging while trying to promote positive views in their work, illustrating an existing theory-practice gap. Strategies used in practice can be integrated in existing agency models and inform interventions and active aging policies.

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