Modelling, analysis and experimental verification of air disc brake used in heavy duty vehicles

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622110520
Author(s):  
İbrahim Can Güleryüz ◽  
Barış Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Design Stage ◽  
Maximum Deviation ◽  
Disc Brake ◽  
Commercial Vehicles ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Test Fixture ◽  
Simulink Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
Performance Results

This paper proposes a reliable mathematical model that can be used for design stage of new air disc brake (ADB) development projects. All three phases of braking mechanism (brake apply, brake release and automatic adjustment) are modelled by Matlab Simulink in consideration of hysteresis and adjuster performance experiments. Firstly, mathematical relations of each friction interfaces of air disc brake components are derived and mathematical equations adapted to the Simulink model. To ensure the accuracy of ADB system model, hysteresis and adjuster performance experiments are conducted on a prototype disc brake mechanism supported by a test fixture. This prototype single piston disc brake mechanism is fitted to wheel size in 17.5″ used in heavy commercial vehicles. The predicted clamping force, mechanical ratio, brake efficiency and adjuster rate results are verified by using experimental data. The maximum deviation in hysteresis results is 3.08%. Besides, the maximum deviation in adjuster performance results is 7.15%. The numerically and experimentally obtained hysteresis and adjuster performance results show good agreement. The proposed model is modified in consideration of mechanism supported by a brake calliper for predicting actual performance of single piston brake mechanism on the brake level. The hysteresis and the adjuster performance analyses are conducted by using modified ADB model to calculate the hysteresis based brake efficiency and the adjuster rate. The brake efficiency of new single piston brake design provides similar efficiency as the twin piston disc brake used in heavy commercial vehicles.

scholarly journals Modelling and Simulation of the Car Following Behavior in Real Traffic Flow

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 580-586
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Modelling And Simulation ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Car Following ◽  
Matlab Code ◽  
Simulink Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Traffic Scenario ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
Real Traffic

In generally typical highway traffic scenario a vehicle, following vehicle ahead needs to maintain benign gap to avoid mishap. Accordingly speed of follower vehicle needs to be controlled keeping watch on variation of speed of vehicle ahead. In this paper a car follow model is designed and it is estimating the speed of follower vehicle with respect to that of vehicle ahead is presented. This paper brings out the details of mathematical equations of the proposed model along with implementation of same in Matlab Code as well using Simulink model

scholarly journals Managing energy performance in buildings from design to operation using modelling and calibration

2021 ◽  
pp. 014362442110083
Author(s):  
Nishesh Jain ◽  
Esfand Burman ◽  
Dejan Mumovic ◽  
Mike Davies
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Performance Gap ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Calibration Protocol ◽  
Covering Design

To manage the concerns regarding the energy performance gap in buildings, a structured and longitudinal performance assessment of buildings, covering design through to operation, is necessary. Modelling can form an integral part of this process by ensuring that a good practice design stage modelling is followed by an ongoing evaluation of operational stage performance using a robust calibration protocol. In this paper, we demonstrate, via a case study of an office building, how a good practice design stage model can be fine-tuned for operational stage using a new framework that helps validate the causes for deviations of actual performance from design intents. This paper maps the modelling based process of tracking building performance from design to operation, identifying the various types of performance gaps. Further, during the operational stage, the framework provides a systematic way to separate the effect of (i) operating conditions that are driven by the building’s actual function and occupancy as compared with the design assumptions, and (ii) the effect of potential technical issues that cause underperformance. As the identification of issues is based on energy modelling, the process requires use of advanced and well-documented simulation tools. The paper concludes with providing an outline of the software platform requirements needed to generate robust design models and their calibration for operational performance assessments. Practical application The paper’s findings are a useful guide for building industry professionals to manage the performance gap with appropriate accuracy through a robust methodology in an easy to use workflow. The methodological framework to analyse building energy performance in-use links best practice design stage modelling guidance with a robust operational stage investigation. It helps designers, contractors, building managers and other stakeholders with an understanding of procedures to follow to undertake an effective measurement and verification exercise.

Real-time SOC Estimation of the EKF and UKF Algorithms Under Different Working Conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Xiongbin Peng ◽  
Yuwu Li ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Akhil Garg
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Unscented Kalman Filter ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Recursive Least Squares ◽  
Maximum Deviation ◽  
Soc Estimation ◽  
Proposed Model

Abstract In the battery thermal management system (BMS), the state of charge (SOC) is a very influential factor, which can prevent overcharge and over-discharge of the lithium-ion battery (LIB). This paper proposed a battery modeling and online battery parameter identification method based on the Thevenin equivalent circuit model (ECM) and recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm. The proposed model proved to have high accuracy. The error between the ECM terminal voltage value and the actual value basically fluctuates between ±0.1V. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm and the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) algorithm were applied to estimate the SOC of the battery based on the proposed model. The SOC experimental results obtained under dynamic stress test (DST), federal urban driving schedule (FUDS), and US06 cycle conditions were analyzed. The maximum deviation of the SOC based on EKF was 1.4112%~2.5988%, and the maximum deviation of the SOC based on UKF was 0.3172%~0.3388%. The SOC estimation method based on UKF and RLS provides a smaller deviation and better adaptability in different working conditions, which makes it more implementable in a real-world automobile application.

Production and Inter-Facility Transportation with Shipment Size Restrictions

2013 ◽  
pp. 74-92
Author(s):  
Mohamed K. Omar
Keyword(s):  
Integer Programming ◽  
Transportation Problem ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Industrial Data ◽  
Chemical Company ◽  
Mip Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Production Inventory ◽  
End Products

This chapter studies production and transportation problem confronting a speciality chemical company that has two manufacturing facilities. Facility I produces intermediate products which are then transported to Facility II where the end products are to be manufactured to meet customers’ demand. The author formulated the problem as a mixed integer programming (MIP) model that integrates the production and transportation decisions between the two facilities. The developed MIP aims to minimize the production, inventory, manpower, and transportation costs. Real industrial data are used to test and validate the developed MIP model. Comparing the model’s results and the company’s actual performance indicate that, if the company implemented the proposed model, significant costs savings could be achieved.

Model of surface roughness and material removal using abrasive flow machining of selective laser melted channels

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1165-1176
Author(s):  
Julian Ferchow ◽  
Harry Baumgartner ◽  
Christoph Klahn ◽  
Mirko Meboldt
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Maximum Deviation ◽  
Channel Diameter ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Abrasive Flow Machining ◽  
Fluid Behavior ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Power Law Index

Purpose Internal channels produced by selective laser melting (SLM) have rough surfaces that require post-processing. The purpose of this paper is to develop an empirical model for predicting the material removal and surface roughness (SR) of SLM-manufactured channels owing to abrasive flow machining (AFM). Design/methodology/approach A rheological model was developed to simulate the viscosity and power-law index of an AFM medium. To simulate the pressure distribution and velocity in the SLM channels, the fluid behavior and SR in the channels were simulated by using computational fluid dynamics. The results of this simulation were then applied to create an empirical model that can be used to predict the SR and material removal thickness. To verify this empirical model, it was applied to an actual part fabricated by SLM. The results were compared with the measurements of the SR and channel diameter subsequent to AFM. Findings The proposed model exhibits maximum deviation between the model and the measurement of −1.1% for the down-skin SR, −0.2% for the up-skin SR and −0.1% for material removal thickness. Practical implications The results of this study show that the proposed model can avoid expensive iterative tests to determine whether a given channel design leads to the desired SR after smoothing by AFM. Therefore, this model helps to design an AFM-ready channel geometry. Originality/value In this paper, a quantitatively validated AFM model was proposed for complex SLM channels with varying orientation angles.

A Hybrid Multiple Parallel Queuing Model to Enhance QoS in Cloud Computing

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahbaz Afzal ◽  
G. Kavitha
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Queue Length ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Queuing Model ◽  
Total Response Time ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
And Performance

Among the different QoS metrics and parameters considered in cloud computing are the waiting time of cloud tasks, execution time of tasks in VM's, and the utilization rate of servers. The proposed model was developed to overcome some of the pitfalls in the existing systems among which are sub-optimal markdown in the queue length, waiting time, response time, and server utilization rate. The proposed model contemplates on the enhancement of these metrics using a Hybrid Multiple Parallel Queuing approach with a joint implementation of M/M/1: ∞ and M/M/s: N/FCFS to achieve the desired objectives. A neoteric set of mathematical equations have been formulated to validate the efficiency and performance of the hybrid queuing model. The results have been validated with reference to the workload traces of Bit Brains infrastructure provider. The results obtained indicate the significant reduction in the queue length by 60.93 percent, waiting time in the queue by 73.85 percent, and total response time by 97.51%.

Design of Small Centrifugal Compressors Performance Test Facility

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad A. Al-Sulaiman ◽  
Amro M. Al-Qutub
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Power Input ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Centrifugal Compressors ◽  
Drive Unit ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Wide Range

Actual performance testing is a key element in the design stage, development and troubleshooting of centrifugal compressors. The present work discusses the procedure for designing the experimental setup and the selection of drive unit for variable centrifugal compressors sizes. It starts with setting criteria of selection. A survey over different types of drive units and facility setup was conducted. It was found that the electric drive unit with the aid of transmission for stepping-up the speeds is the most suitable type. This is due mainly to the excellent control property of electric motors allowing for wide range of operational speed and power. A new methodology was developed for selecting operational power and speeds of the drive unit for different sizes of impellers. The code, used for the analysis, was developed by the authors. It calculates the range of input power, input torque, and rotational speeds, as well as, the mass flow rate, total pressure and temperature ratios for different sizes of impellers. This will aid in selecting the proper instrumentation for the experiments. The code used for design methodology is based on one dimensional through flow formulation and validated with experimental results in the literature. It is expected that the present methodology will enhance selection procedure for designing compressor test facility.

A Fast Method for the Evaluation of the Dynamic Positioning Capability in Time Domain in the Early Design Stage

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele Luebcke ◽  
Philip Augener ◽  
Arne Falkenhorst
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Wind Waves ◽  
Ship Design ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Maximum Deviation ◽  
Dynamic Positioning ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Fast Calculation ◽  
Early Design Stage

Vessels equipped with a Dynamic Positioning (DP) system for station keeping have become quite common on the offshore market. The propulsion system of such ships has the capability to compensate the counteracting environmental forces caused by wind, waves and current. Since the DP capability is an important part of the specification, it is necessary to consider this aspect in the early ship design stage. For this purpose a procedure of a fast calculation method is developed by the authors to predict the limiting environmental conditions and the maximum deviation of the position and the course angle for a pre-established propulsion system.

Power Skiving Process for Cylindrical Gears Manufacturing

2015 ◽  
Vol 799-800 ◽  
pp. 382-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Er Kuo Guo ◽  
Rong Jing Hong ◽  
Xiao Diao Huang ◽  
Cheng Gang Fang
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Cylindrical Gear ◽  
Power Skiving ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Relief Angle ◽  
Process Reliability ◽  
Cutter Design ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
Important Basis

Latest research clearly demonstrates the excellent capability of the gear power skiving technology. For further improvement of the skiving process and enhancement of the process reliability the fundamental research on the cutting mechanism of cylindrical gear power skiving was conducted. First the kinematic model of power skiving and mathematical equations of cutter were established according to the engagement principle of crossed helical gears. Then, based on the proposed model, we investigated the simulation process, chip deformation mechanism and the cutter top relief angle. The results support the skiving cutter design and process optimization and are an important basis for the implementation of the advanced gear process.

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