Total-factor air environmental efficiency and its influencing factors in the areas along the Belt and Road in China: A spatial spillover perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2110151
Author(s):  
Ni-Ni Yin ◽  
Ke-Liang Wang ◽  
Zhen Yao ◽  
Li-Li Ding ◽  
Zhuang Miao
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Environmental Efficiency ◽  
Spatial Spillover ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Spatial Spillover Effects ◽  
The Belt And Road

In order to promote sustainable economic development in the areas along the Belt and Road in China, it is of great necessity to reduce the negative impact of air pollutants resulting from industrialization and urbanization on the complex and fragile ecological environments of neighboring areas. First, this study estimated the total-factor air environmental efficiency (TFAEE) of 17 provinces along the Belt and Road in China from 2010 to 2017 using a slacks-based measure (SBM) model. Second, the global and local Moran indices were used to test the spatial correlations between TFAEEs. Finally, the spatial factors and spatial spillover effects influencing the TFAEEs were investigated using the spatial Durbin model with spatiotemporal double fixed effects. The results were shown as follows: (1) The total-factor TFAEEs of the areas along the Belt and Road were low and showed significant regional spatial differences during 2010–2017. (2) There was a positive spatial autocorrelation between the TFAEEs of the areas along the Belt and Road, and the spatial distribution generally clustered into High-High and Low-Low concentrations. (3) Economic development and technological innovation played significantly positive effects on TFAEEs of the areas in the Belt and Road, while energy consumption structure had negative effect on it. In addition, although industrial structure and environmental regulation were negatively correlated with TFAEEs, the coefficients were not significant. (4) The positive spatial spillover effect of the TFAEEs of the areas along the Belt and Road was mainly the result of significant environmental regulations and insignificant economic development factors, while the technological innovations, energy consumption structures and industrial structures showed insignificant negative spatial spillover effects.

scholarly journals Spatial spillover effects of export-oriented economic development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

资源科学 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1871-1885
Author(s):  
Bingbing CAI ◽  
Wei ZHAO ◽  
Zhengyang LI ◽  
Hui YANG ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Spatial Spillover ◽  
Spatial Spillover Effects

Does the belt and road initiative stimulate China’s inbound tourist market? An empirical study using the gravity model with a DID method

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueying Huang ◽  
Yuanjun Han ◽  
Xuhong Gong ◽  
Xiangyan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Policy Guidance ◽  
The Belt And Road

This study examines the influence of the Belt and Road Initiative on China’s inbound tourist market, generated from countries and regions along the Belt and Road, using a gravity model with a difference-in-differences method. Panel data for 2008–2016 indicate that the Belt and Road Initiative has direct and significant positive effects on Chinese international tourist-generating markets, but the annual treatment effects are only partly significantly positive. We also examined the heterogeneous effects and mechanism of the Belt and Road Initiative on the inbound tourist market by grouping countries according to the levels of trade openness with China and economic development. The heterogeneous effect tests reveal that China’s international tourist origin countries with low levels of trade openness with China and high levels of economic development benefit from the Belt and Road Initiative. The findings of this study provide policy guidance on expansion for China’s inbound tourism market.

scholarly journals Spatial Effects and Nonlinear Analysis of Energy Consumption, Financial Development, and Economic Growth in China

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Zhou ◽  
Shaojian Qu ◽  
Qinglu Yuan ◽  
Shilei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Regional Economic Growth ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Spatial Spillover ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Spatial Spillover Effects

Energy consumption is of great significance to the sustainable development of the economy. Due to the spatial heterogeneity of low-carbon growth in regional economies, the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth is complicated. However, a few researches have been published about spatial spillover effects and non-linearity of energy consumption and financial development on regional economic growth in China. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2007 to 2017, this paper analyzes the spatial spillover effects and threshold effects of energy consumption and financial development on regional economic growth by using spatial and nonlinear econometric methods. The main conclusions are as follows. Spatial econometric methods show that financial development and energy consumption are two factors of production input to promote China’s economic growth. Meanwhile, energy consumption and financial development have spillover effects on regional economic growth. Additionally, the nonlinear econometric method finds that with increasing financial development, the impact of energy consumption on economic growth is segmented. Therefore, relevant policies should be implemented to enhance the role of finance in energy consumption to promote low-carbon growth of China’s economy.

scholarly journals A Research on the Factors Influencing Carbon Emission of Transportation Industry in “the Belt and Road Initiative” Countries Based on Panel Data

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changzheng Zhu ◽  
Dawei Gao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Transportation Industry ◽  
Consumption Structure ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

Carbon emissions in countries in the “Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)” account for more than half of the world’s total volume. According to the international energy agency report, the world transportation industry carbon emissions in 2015 came second on the list for the proportion of global carbon emissions across all industries, accounting for 23.96% of the total. Along with the advancement of the BRI construction, transportation industry carbon emissions will continue their rapid growth. Therefore, studying the factors affecting the carbon emissions of the transportation industry in countries in the BRI is conducive to the formulation of policies to control carbon emissions. In this paper, the CO2 emissions of the transportation industry in countries in the BRI line from 2005 to 2015 were measured, and then the influencing factors of 57 countries in the BRI were analyzed by using the panel data model. The results show that per capita GDP, urbanization level, and energy consumption structure have positive effects on the carbon emissions of transportation industry, while technology level and trade openness have negative effects on carbon emissions of the transportation industry. Therefore, in order to effectively control the carbon emissions of the transportation industry in the BRI countries, it is necessary to reasonably control the transportation industry carbon emissions caused by urbanization, optimize the energy consumption structure of the transportation industry, optimize the structure of the transportation industry, and improve the openness of trade and the technical level of the BRI countries.

Do Transportation Infrastructure Investments Reduce Inventory Levels in the Manufacturing Sector in China?

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-420
Author(s):  
Ya Lin ◽  
Quanwu Zhao ◽  
Peisen Liu ◽  
Qinhong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Spatial Spillover ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
Spatial Spillover Effects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Infrastructure Investments

Based on provincial panel data observed over the 2005–2014 period, we analyze the impacts of transportation infrastructure investments on inventory levels in China’s manufacturing sector. Our results indicate that transportation infrastructure investments do not reduce inventory levels in the manufacturing sector in China. This conclusion is different from the results in the previous literature, which demonstrate positive effects of transportation investments on reducing inventory levels. The difference can be partly explained by the ongoing inland shift of industry and geographic market expansion in China, which lead to longer transportation distances and longer lead times from suppliers to customers. We also find that road investments have spatial spillover effects overall, and the impacts of different types of road investments differ significantly from each other. Railway investments, however, do not have spatial spillover effects. Finally, we present several policy implications of transportation infrastructure investments, inland shifts of industry, and geographic market expansion.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Carbon Sink Dynamics at County Scale: A Case Study of Shaanxi Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13081
Author(s):  
Shuohua Liu ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Yifan Zhou ◽  
Shunbo Yao
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Carbon Sinks ◽  
Spatiotemporal Evolution ◽  
Spatial Spillover ◽  
Spatial Spillover Effects

To explore the spatiotemporal evolution of carbon sinks in Shaanxi Province, and their impact mechanisms, this study used panel data from 107 counties (districts) in Shaanxi Province from 2000 to 2017. First, we conducted spatial distribution directional analysis and exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA). Then, we constructed a geographic spatial weight matrix and used the spatial panel Durbin model to analyze the driving factors of carbon sink changes in Shaanxi Province, from the perspective of spatial effects. The results showed that: (1) The temporal evolution of carbon sinks during the study period showed an overall upward trend, but the carbon sinks of counties (districts) differed greatly, and the center of gravity of carbon sinks, as a whole, showed the characteristics of “south to north” migration. (2) The carbon sinks of Shaanxi Province have a significant positive global spatial autocorrelation in geographic space. The local spatial pattern was characterized by low-value agglomeration (low-low cluster) and high-value agglomeration (high-high cluster), supplemented by high-value bulge (high-low outlier) and low-value collapse (low-high outlier). (3) The result of the spatial measurement model proved that the spatial Durbin model, with dual fixed effects of time and space, should be selected. In the model results, factors such as population, per capita gross domestic product (GDP), local government general budget expenditure, and local government general budget revenue all reflect strong spatial spillover effects. Accordingly, in the process of promoting “carbon neutrality”, the government needs to comprehensively consider the existence of spatial spillover effects between neighboring counties (districts), and strengthen the linkage-management and control roles of counties (districts) in increasing carbon sinks.

scholarly journals Impacts of OFDI on Host Country Energy Consumption and Home Country Energy Efficiency Based on a Belt and Road Perspective

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7343
Author(s):  
Xing Zhou ◽  
Quan Guo ◽  
Ming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Development Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Belt And Road

Under the Belt and Road concepts of mutual benefit and win–win cooperation, China is strengthening its energy cooperation with other countries. We used several econometric models and social network analysis models to study the impacts of China’s outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) on the host and home countries. We first examined China’s OFDI location preference and analysed the effects of OFDI on energy consumption in host countries. Meanwhile, we observed the impact of the reverse spillover effect of OFDI on China’s energy efficiency. The results indicate that (1) the impact of China’s OFDI on energy consumption in host countries has been lower than that on neighbouring countries, and increased significantly after 2014. (2) The space network of energy consumption in Belt and Road countries has a strict hierarchical structure. However, it was disbanded by the Belt and Road policy in 2014. The network centres are situated primarily in Middle Eastern and European countries, and the network’s periphery is mainly in South-East and West Asian countries. (3) The reverse spillover effects of OFDI, FDI, domestic R&D absorptive capacity, human capital, and financial development levels are conducive to improving China’s energy efficiency whereas regional professionalism does the opposite.

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