A Comparison of Hazardous and Solid Radioactive Waste Treatment and Disposal

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-275
Author(s):  
R.D. Little ◽  
P.R. Maul ◽  
G.M. Smith ◽  
P.A. Towler
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Performance Assessments ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Waste Minimisation ◽  
Waste Management Practices ◽  
Treatment And Disposal

Comparisons have been frequently drawn between the radioactive and hazardous waste industries. However, they have tended to focus on particular aspects of the industries rather than the totality of waste management practices. In this paper a “cradle to grave” approach is taken, summarising and comparing practices in the two industries at all stages of the waste management cycle in OECD countries. In these countries there has been a convergence of approaches in recent years, with the hazardous waste industry now employing many of the practices which were developed for radioactive waste at a much earlier date. There is increasing emphasis on waste minimisation and volume reduction in both areas, and near surface engineered disposal facilities for the two types of waste now share many common features. The most notable outstanding difference between the two industries is the timescales of concern considered in post-disposal performance assessments. For radioactive waste, the impacts of disposal have been considered for timescales of many thousands, or even millions, of years into the future. The question of whether it is necessary to consider environmental impacts over such extended periods is only now becoming an issue for hazardous wastes.

A hydrochemical and isotopic case study around a near surface radioactive waste disposal

2007 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zs. Szántó ◽  
É. Svingor ◽  
I. Futó ◽  
L. Palcsu ◽  
M. Molnár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Radioactive Waste Disposal ◽  
Ion Chemistry ◽  
Continuous Transition ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Disposal Facility ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
Site Characterisation

As part of the site characterisation program for the near surface radioactive waste treatment and disposal facility (RWTDF) at Püspökszilágy, Hungary, water quality and environmental isotope investigations have been carried out. Water samples for major ion chemistry, tritium,The chemical composition of groundwaters presented a continuous transition from waters situated on one side to waters on the top and on the other slope of the disposal suggesting the mixing of the three hydrochemical “endmembers”.Most of δ

Waste management in primary healthcare centres of Iran

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Mesdaghinia ◽  
Kazem Naddafi ◽  
Amir Hossein Mahvi ◽  
Reza Saeedi
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Healthcare Waste ◽  
Waste Management Practices

The waste management practices in primary healthcare centres of Iran were investigated in the present study. A total of 120 primary healthcare centres located across the country were selected using the cluster sampling method and the current situation of healthcare waste management was determined through field investigation. The quantities of solid waste and wastewater generation per outpatient were found to be 60 g outpatient—1 day—1 and 26 L outpatient—1 day— 1, respectively. In all of the facilities, sharp objects were separated almost completely, but separation of other types of hazardous healthcare solid waste was only done in 25% of the centres. The separated hazardous solid waste materials were treated by incineration, temporary incineration and open burning methods in 32.5, 8.3 and 42.5% of the healthcare centres, respectively. In 16.7% of the centres the hazardous solid wastes were disposed of without any treatment. These results indicate that the management of waste materials in primary healthcare centres in Iran faced some problems. Staff training and awareness, separation of healthcare solid waste, establishment of the autoclave method for healthcare solid waste treatment and construction of septic tanks and disinfection units in the centres that were without access to a sewer system are the major measures that are suggested for improvement of the waste management practices.

Factors Affecting the Hazardous Waste Management Practices in Heavy Industries

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-118
Author(s):  
Kennedy Degaulle Gunawardana ◽  
Chamari K. Jayasinghe ◽  
A. D. Nuwan Gunarathne
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Hazardous Waste Management ◽  
Company Policy ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Waste Management Practices ◽  
Industry Sectors

Among the different types of waste, hazardous waste poses a serious challenge to humans and the environment if not properly managed. Although many industries generate hazardous waste in various degrees, heavy industries generate the largest volume of hazardous waste. While hazardous waste management (HWM) has been studied well in many industry sectors and countries, it is not so with heavy industries in developing countries. The purpose of this paper was therefore to identify the factors affecting the HWM practices in heavy industries in Sri Lanka. The data was collected from 40 companies in ten different industrial categories of heavy industry. The respondent was the environmental officer of each company. The analysis reveals that technological facilities, public resistance, company policy, and economic factors affect the HWM practices in heavy industries in Sri Lanka. This study has several policy level and managerial implications for HWM in heavy industries to contribute towards the achievement of sustainable development.

A Review of Waste Management in Sri Lanka

2014 ◽  
Vol 878 ◽  
pp. 899-911
Author(s):  
G. Ajith Weerasundara
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Hazardous Waste Management ◽  
Waste Management Practices

The purpose of this paper is to review the existing waste management practices, regulatory and institutional framework and technologies that are being employed currently for waste management in Sri Lanka in order to understand the magnitude of non-hazardous and hazardous waste problems and how to avoid these problems. This study is mainly based on information collected from literature review covering both municipal solid waste management and hazardous waste management. Sri Lanka has well-developed legislative and well-organized institutional framework with environmental related policies, strategies and guidelines on waste management. Technologies and methods used for waste management are well accepted, but innovative technologies and strategies have to be introduced to streamline and uplift the existing waste management practices. This study also revealed that there is a high potential in private sector involvement in waste management. Considering all these aspects, a detailed comprehensive technical review and potential technology development are necessary to deal with all categories of wastes generated in Sri Lanka.

Radioactive Waste Treatment Technologies and Environment

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ja´n Horva´th ◽  
Dusan Krasny
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Radioactive Waste Management ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Radioactive Waste Treatment

The radioactive waste treatment and conditioning are the most important steps in radioactive waste management. At the Slovak Electric, plc, a range of technologies are used for the processing of radioactive waste into a form suitable for disposal in near surface repository. These technologies operated by JAVYS, PLc. Nuclear and Decommissioning Company, PLc. Jaslovske´ Bohunice are described. Main accent is given to the Bohunice Radwaste Treatment and Conditioning Centre, Bituminization plant, Vitrification plant, and Near surface repository of radioactive waste in Mochovce and their operation. Conclusions to safe and effective management of radioactive waste in the Slovak Republic are presented.

Advancing the Use of IAEA Networks in Radioactive Waste Management: Past Successes, Present Challenges and Future Opportunities

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Degnan ◽  
I. Mele ◽  
P. Dinner ◽  
H. Monken-Fernandes ◽  
A. Morales Leon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fuel Cycle ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Radioactive Waste Management ◽  
Member States ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Stage Of Development

Since 2001 the International Atomic Energy Agency has championed the concept and use of Networks to advance radioactive waste management across the globe. At the present time there are four Networks managed on behalf of Member States by the IAEA and a fifth one is currently being implemented. The scopes of interest covered by the Networks encompass near-surface and deep geological disposal, the decommissioning of nuclear facilities, the environmental remediation of sites contaminated with radioactive materials and the characterisation of low- and intermediate-level radioactive wastes. To date over 100 organisations from more than 40 Member States are involved in the Networks. Many of these Network participants generously donate resources, time and effort to support Network activities, while others with nascent or otherwise less well developed programmes are still in the process of acquiring experience, capabilities and know-how. Regardless of the stage of development, all Network participants share in the mutual benefits that arise from improved communications with sister organisations and the sharing of experience and knowledge. The universal Goal of the Networks is the promotion of methods and technologies that will enhance the safety and sustainability of radioactive waste management practices and facilities. This Goal is being achieved through continuous improvements in communication and knowledge sharing between Network participants and the provision of enhanced opportunities for training, involvement in demonstration projects and the development of novel technologies and methodologies. We recognise that interdisciplinary understanding and the coordination of efforts at key interfaces at the back-end of the fuel cycle are critical aspects for achieving the Network Goal efficiently and effectively. Consequently, the IAEA Networks that will be operational by the end of 2010 are themselves are being molded into an organic “Network of Networks” where the use of new electronic media and the possibilities presented by enhanced communication channels will be exploited. Here we provide an overview of the IAEA Networks in radioactive waste management and present a new tool that is under development, an internet-based portal for enhanced communications and the provision of improved training opportunities.

scholarly journals Politics of smell: Constructing animal waste governmentality and good farming subjectivities in colonial Hong Kong

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1055-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kin Wing (Ray) Chan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Treatment Knowledge ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Waste Management Practices

This paper examines the governmentality of colonial Hong Kong throughout the 1980s and 1990s, focusing on the implementation of the Livestock Waste Control Scheme (1987–1997), the production of normative waste treatment knowledge, the spatial control of farming practices and the resulting subjectivity in the construction of the ‘environmentally friendly farmer’ identity. These themes are examined by analysing archival materials and conducting in-depth interviews with two Pig Farmers Association representatives and 19 pig farmers. This paper argues that the colonial government of Hong Kong relied on environmental ordinances and zoning regulations, livestock waste demonstration projects and socially constructed perceptions of olfactory acceptability as major technologies of governance in the creation of ‘environmentally friendly’ pig farmers. Through being exposed to these technologies, pig farmers learned and internalised a particular concept of what constitutes appropriate animal waste management and treatment. This paper shows how the concept of being ‘environmentally friendly’ contributes to the creation and use of ‘good farming’ subjectivities when modernising pig farmers’ waste management practices.

scholarly journals Demolished building waste management: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Sanil Kumar ◽  
Sethulakshmi Sanitha Shajan
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Management Hierarchy ◽  
Waste Management Practices ◽  
Treatment And Disposal

Construction and demolition waste are the major issue as a direct consequence of increased global urbanization. It impacts the environmental efficiency of the construction industry, contributing to 35% of the global landfill. This research considers the two main fundamental factors affecting the demolished building waste management, which are the management hierarchy including the 3R strategies and the project life cycle and management tools. The inappropriate treatment and disposal of Construction and demolition waste give rise to the environmental pollution, land price, and natural resource consumption. This paper scrutinizes the concept of Construction and demolition waste management and review the extant studies in the managerial areas of Construction and demolition waste. These findings are aimed at clarifying the current and future practices of Construction and demolition waste management practices with an understanding for the sustainable governance. Keywords: Construction and demolition waste, management, review.

Radioactive Waste Disposal and Protection of the Future Public

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
John Tauxe
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Radioactive Wastes ◽  
Radioactive Waste Disposal ◽  
Radioactive Waste Management ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Waste Management Practices

Much of humanity's solid waste will outlast the human race, and the waste generated by one generation must be endured and managed by future societies. Radioactive wastes are unique in that their regulation explicitly considers the protection of future generations. But radioactive waste management faces a serious quandary: how to balance the substantial expense of waste isolation against the uncertain mitigation of risks to hypothetical future humans. Most of this uncertainty stems not from natural processes, or from the projected performance of engineered materials, but rather from social actions and human behaviors. Given that these uncertainties become overwhelming when consider the future only a few centuries from now, how far into the future is it useful for us to attempt to assess risks? Government regulators are currently grappling with this question as they rewrite regulations in order to accommodate radioactive wastes that have the potential for unacceptable and perpetual human health risks. This paper discusses the issues surrounding the period of performance expected from radioactive waste management practices, and outlines central conditions for soundly addressing controversial problems.

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