A cross-cultural examination of fat women’s experiences: Stigma and gender in North American and Finnish culture

In this manuscript, the voices of women of size in North America and Finland indicate that there is a shared experience of being fat. Based on cross-cultural analysis of our respective empirical findings, we argue that there is a shared Western fat lived experience that perpetuates a stigmatized gendered landscape of living with a fat body. The emergent themes tended to revolve around two similar contradictions—the phenomenon of hyper(in)visibility and a belief their fatness is a temporary or liminal state—both of which lead to an internalization of fat hatred. We argue that these findings stem from the tremendous stigma and mistreatment that both samples of women face in their daily lives. The present study contributes to the literature by addressing two research lacunas: 1) the lack of cross-cultural research in fat studies; and 2) the limited mainstream feminist research from the perspective of fat women.

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Data Management and Cross-Cultural Descriptive Analysis

10.1093/oso/9780190888510.003.0003 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 27-56

Author(s):

Thanh V. Tran ◽

Keith T. Chan

Keyword(s):

Data Management ◽

Research Evaluation ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Cultural Analysis ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Cultural Groups ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Cultural Research ◽

Cross Cultural Research

Quantitative cross-cultural analysis requires the application of statistics to study the variability of a phenomenon (variable,) across cultural groups. This chapter aims to provide practical applications of descriptive statistics to describe the variables used in a cross-cultural research/evaluation project. We use statistical methods to describe the variables of interests and to test the hypotheses derived from theories for understanding cross-cultural comparisons. More specifically, we address the importance of examine the variables of interest across selected comparative groups. It is our position that in order to describe and to test hypotheses, we need first to know how the variables of interest are measured. We illustrate the use of STATA for data management and descriptive statistics throughout the chapter.

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The Dark Side of Human Values: How Values are Related to Bright and Dark Personality Traits

The Spanish Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1017/sjp.2020.58 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

Author(s):

Gabriel Lins de Holanda Coelho ◽

Paul H. P. Hanel ◽

Renan Pereira Monteiro ◽

Roosevelt Vilar ◽

Valdiney V. Gouveia

Keyword(s):

Big Five ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Dark Triad ◽

Human Values ◽

Dark Side ◽

Functional Theory ◽

Cultural Research ◽

Cross Cultural Research ◽

Explained Variance ◽

And Gender

Abstract In the present research, we replicate and extend previous findings on the relations between human values and bright\dark traits of personality, using the functional theory of human values (Gouveia, 2013). Specifically, we assessed which dark traits are associated with human values and whether the dark traits explained variance in values beyond the bright traits (Big Five). While prior research has investigated the relations between the three sets of constructs mainly in Western countries, we tested whether the findings hold in Brazil (N = 819). Although values are defined as positive constructs, several value subfunctions were positively correlated with the dark traits (e.g., excitement values with narcissism), while other relations were negative. Controlling for participants' age and gender, hierarchical regressions further revealed that dark traits explain variance in values beyond bright traits, although overall bright traits were more strongly associated with values than dark traits. Together, our findings replicate previous research. Implications for our understanding of the Dark Triad and cross-cultural research are discussed.

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Research on women in international business and management: then, now, and next

Cross Cultural & Strategic Management ◽

10.1108/ccsm-02-2017-0011 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 211-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Amanda Bullough ◽

Fiona Moore ◽

Tugba Kalafatoglu

Keyword(s):

International Business ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Women And Gender ◽

Content Type ◽

Cultural Research ◽

Cross Cultural Research ◽

The World ◽

And Gender ◽

New Research ◽

Business And Management

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address the paradox that represents a shortage of women in management and senior leadership positions around the world, while research has consistently shown that having women in positions of influence leads to noteworthy organizational benefits, as guest editors for this special issue, the authors provide an overview of four key streams of cross-cultural research on gender – women in international management, anthropology and gender, women’s leadership, and women’s entrepreneurship – which have been fairly well-developed but remain underexplored. Design/methodology/approach Each author led the review of the scholarly literature stream that aligned most with personal research areas of expertise, while particularly focusing each literature review on the status of each body of work in relation to the topic of women and gender in international business and management. Findings The authors encourage future work on the role of women and gender (including gay, lesbian, and transgender) in cross-cultural management, and the influence of cross-cultural matters on gender. In addition to new research on obstacles and biases faced by women in management, the authors hope to see more scholarship on the benefits that women bring to their organizations. Practical implications New research could aim to provide specific evidence-based recommendations for: how organizations and individuals can work to develop more gender diversity in management and senior positions around the world, and encourage more women to start and grow bigger businesses. Social implications Scholars can lead progress on important gender issues and contribute to quality information that guides politicians, organizational leaders, new entrants to the workforce. Originality/value This is the first paper to cover these topics and review the body of work on cross-cultural research on women in international business and management. The authors hope it serves as a useful launch pad for scholars conducting new research in this domain.

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Cultural contributors to negative emotionality: A multilevel analysis from the Joint Effort Toddler Temperament Consortium

International Journal of Behavioral Development ◽

10.1177/01650254211020128 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 016502542110201

Author(s):

Eric E. Desmarais ◽

Brian F. French ◽

Emine Ahmetoglu ◽

Ibrahim Acar ◽

Carmen Gonzalez-Salinas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cultural Values ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Negative Emotionality ◽

Cultural Value ◽

Perceptual Sensitivity ◽

Cultural Research ◽

Cross Cultural Research ◽

New Perspective ◽

And Gender

This study advances the cross-cultural temperament literature by comparing temperament ratings of toddlers from 14 nations. Multilevel modeling (MLM) procedures were utilized to regress negative emotionality (NE) and component subscales on Hofstede’s cultural value dimensions while controlling for age and gender. More individualistic values were associated with lower NE, and component discomfort, fear, motor activity, perceptual sensitivity, and soothability scales. The discomfort subscale was negatively associated with power distance and positively associated with masculine cultural values. Higher ratings of shyness were related to a more long-term cultural orientation. Results illustrate the feasibility of an MLM approach to cross-cultural research and provide a new perspective on the intersection of culture and temperament development. Limitations and future implications are discussed.

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COVID-19 A Cultural Analysis to Understand Variance in Infection Rate across Nations

10.31234/osf.io/cbxhw ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ratan Dheer ◽

Carolyn Egri ◽

Len J. Treviño

Keyword(s):

Infection Rate ◽

Cultural Analysis ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Cultural Value ◽

National Data ◽

Government Effectiveness ◽

Cultural Research ◽

Cross Cultural Research ◽

Social Restriction ◽

Cross National

We integrate insights from cross-cultural research with inquiry in social psychology to develop a theoretically grounded and culturally derived explanation of the cross-national variance in COVID-19 infections. Specifically, we draw on Hofstede's (1984) and Schwartz' (1999) cultural value frameworks to elucidate how dimensions resulting from these explain differences in individual’s behavior in response to social distancing and social restriction guidelines, thereby mitigating the infection rate of COVID-19 cross-nationally. Our analysis, based on cross-national data, and after controlling for differences in government effectiveness, GDP per capita and population density, suggest that while individualism, indulgence, autonomy, and egalitarianism positively predicted COVID-19 cases across nations, power distance negatively predicted the number of COVID-19 cases cross nationally.

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Sociocultural memory development research drives new directions in gadgetry science

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x19000979 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Author(s):

Penny Van Bergen ◽

John Sutton

Keyword(s):

Episodic Memory ◽

Autobiographical Memory ◽

Developmental Psychology ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Memory Development ◽

Development Research ◽

Cultural Research ◽

New Directions ◽

Cross Cultural Research

Abstract Sociocultural developmental psychology can drive new directions in gadgetry science. We use autobiographical memory, a compound capacity incorporating episodic memory, as a case study. Autobiographical memory emerges late in development, supported by interactions with parents. Intervention research highlights the causal influence of these interactions, whereas cross-cultural research demonstrates culturally determined diversity. Different patterns of inheritance are discussed.

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