Helminth infection and human mobility in sambaquis: Paleoparasitological, paleogenetic, and microremains investigations in Jabuticabeira II, Brazil (2890 ± 55 to 1805 ± 65 BP)

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362110604
Author(s):  
Alena Mayo Iñiguez ◽  
Lorrayne Brito ◽  
Lucélia Guedes ◽  
Sergio Augusto de Miranda Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
South American ◽  
Fish Scales ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Nad1 Gene ◽  
South Brazil

Sambaquis or shellmounds are archeological sites constructed by hunter-fisher-gatherers that inhabited the Brazilian coast about 10,000–2000 yrs BP. Jabuticabeira II (JABII: 2890 ± 55 to 1805 ± 65 BP) is one of dozens of contemporaneous sambaquis of the Santa Catarina state, South Brazil, and contains hundreds of neatly organized burials, indicating great population density. In order to gather information about the health, diet and way of life of people in JABII, a paleoparasitological, paleogenetic, and micro-human remains investigation was carried out. Pelvic region and environmental control samples from six individuals exhumed from JABII were submitted to microscopic and ancient DNA (aDNA) investigation. Paleoparasitological analyses based on light microscopy were negative. However, a variety of informative microremains were found. Diatoms, fish scales, and algae characterize the marine and estuarine environment. Ipomoea batatas and Zea mays starch grains suggested cultivated items as part of their diet in agreement with the literature. The finding of Podocarpus sp. pollen grain, characteristic of highlander vegetation, suggests human mobility of JABII individuals which were settlement in the coast. Paleogenetic analyses showed Ascaris sp. helminth infection based on nad1 gene fragment detected from an individual excavated at L3 FS7 burial (1826 ± 40 BP). This aDNA result places the antiquity of Ascaris sp. infection, and haplotypes that are circulating in humans and other animals nowadays, in Pre-Columbian South American times.

Changes in the feeding ecology of South American sea lions on the southern Brazilian coast over the last two decades of excessive fishing exploration

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 819 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Machado ◽  
Larissa Rosa de Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Henrique Ott ◽  
Pablo Denuncio ◽  
Manuel Haimovici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
South American ◽  
Sea Lions

scholarly journals The beetle family Carabidae of Costa Rica: The genus Epikastea Liebke of the Plochonida Group, with new Neotropical species and notes on their way of life (Insecta: Coleoptera, Lebiini, Agrina)

Zootaxa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 790 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
TERRY L. ERWIN
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
New South ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
South American ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Madre De Dios ◽  
Definition Of

Genus Epikastea Liebke 1936, of the Plochionida Group of Subtribe Agrina, Lebiini, with six species is revised. Subtribe Agrina consists of those species formerly included in the Subtribe Calleidina. The species of Epikastea Liebke 1936 are diagnosed, described, and illustrated. One species occurs in Costa Rica; five are new South American species and are here assigned to this genus. The five new species described are: Epikastea biolat Erwin, n. sp. (PER , MADRE DE DIOS, Rio Manu, BIOLAT Biodiversity Station, Pakitza Guard Station, 356m, 11 56 47 S, 071 17 00 W), Epikastea grace Erwin, n. sp. (PER , LORETO, Samiria River, Camp Manco Capac, 04 43 0 S, 074 18 0 W), Epikastea mancocapac Erwin, n. sp. (PER , LORETO, Samiria River, Camp Manco Capac, 04 43 0 S, 074 18 0 W), Epikastea piranha Erwin, n. sp. (ECUADOR. ORELLANA, Hauorani Territory, Camp Pira a, 0 39' 25.685" S, 76 27' 10.813" W), Epikastea poguei Erwin, n. sp. (PER , MADRE DE DIOS, Rio Manu, BIOLAT Biodiversity Station, Pakitza Guard Station, 356m, 11 56 47 S, 071 17 00 W). A definition of the Plochionida Group and an identification key to the Western Hemisphere genera included are provided. A key to the known species of Epikastea Liebke is given. Distribution data are provided for all species and a map is provided for the Costa Rican taxon. Adults of Epikastea Liebke have been found on rotting logs in rainforests and fogged from the canopy of tropical trees and palms.

scholarly journals Two bromeliad species with contrasting functional traits partition the understory space in a South American xerophytic forest: correlative evidence of environmental control and limited dispersal

Plant Ecology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 215 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio M. Barberis ◽  
Patricia S. Torres ◽  
William B. Batista ◽  
Gustavo Magra ◽  
Luciano Galetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Traits ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
South American ◽  
Limited Dispersal

scholarly journals The Guanabara Confession of Faith

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
ALDERI S. MATOS
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
South American ◽  
Direct Control ◽  
Early Statement

The Guanabara Confession, an early statement of the Reformed faith, was written in “Antarctic France,” a sixteenth-century French colony in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. After the discovery of Brazil in 1500, Portugal was slow to protect and settle its new territory. Only in 1549 did the Portuguese crown take direct control of its South American domains by appointing the first governor general. For decades other European nations had set their eyes upon the new land and its natural resources. Among those nations was France, whose ships came continuously to the Brazilian coast in order to smuggle dyewood and other products.

scholarly journals Understanding a modern antique: challenges to representing Rastafari in the twenty-first century

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
John P. Homiak
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
First Century ◽  
South American ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Cultural Domination ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Culture And Language

Drawing increasingly upon digital technologies and the internet to assert a sense of community even as they cultivate an austere biblical persona, adherents of Rastafari can be thought of as simultaneously modern and antique. Their claim to antiquity is grounded in a collectively professed African-Ethiopian identity that has not only resisted the ravages of enslavement, colonialism, and European cultural domination but is seen to transcend local differences of culture and language. Theirs is a way of life organized around theocratic principles that begin with a recognition of the divine in all peoples and as the basis of all human agency. Rastafari assert the universal relevance of these principles to the conditions of modernity even as they persistently claim social justice on behalf of all peoples of African descent exploited by colonialism and the prevailing global capitalist-imperialist system. Based on these general themes, the Rastafari movement has come to represent a large-scale cultural phenomenon that has long since burst the chains of its colonial containment in Jamaica. From the late 1960s onward it has spread throughout the Caribbean and the Central and South American rimland to the major metropoles of North America and Europe as well as to many sites on the African continent.

scholarly journals Comparative morphology among representatives of main taxa of Scaphopoda and basal protobranch Bivalvia (Mollusca)

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (32) ◽  
pp. 405-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Ricardo L. Simone
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Nautilus Pompilius ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fernando De Noronha ◽  
Lolliguncula Brevis ◽  
South Brazil

This study deals with detailed morphology and anatomy of 4 species of Scaphopoda and 5 species of protobranch Bivalvia. Both classes are traditionally grouped in the taxon Diasoma, which has been questioned by different methodologies, such as molecular and developmental. This study is developed under a phylogenetic methodology with the main concern in performing it in an intelligible and testable methodology. The analyzed Scaphopoda species came from the Brazilian coast and belong to the family Dentaliidae [(1) Coccodentalium carduus; (2) Paradentalium disparile] and Gadiliidae; [(3) Polyschides noronhensis, n. sp. from Fernando de Noronha Archipelago; (4) Gadila braziliensis]. These species represent the main branches of the class Scaphopoda. From protobranch bivalves, representatives of the families Solemyidae [(5) Solemya occidentalis, from Florida; S. notialis, n. sp. from S.E. Brazil], Nuculanidae [(6) Propeleda carpentieri from Florida], and Nuculidae [(7) Ennucula puelcha, from south Brazil] are included. These species represent the main branches of the basal Bivalvia. The descriptions on the anatomy of S. occidentalis and of P. carpentieri are published elsewhere. The remaining are included here, for which a complete taxonomical treatment is performed. Beyond these species, representatives of other taxa are operationally included as part of the ingroup (indices are then shared with them), as a procedure to test the morphological monophyly of Diasoma. These taxa are: two lamellibranch bivalves [(8) Barbatia - Arcidae; (9) Serratina - Tellinidae; both published elsewhere;, and Propilidium (10) Patellogastropoda, and (11) Nautilus, basal Cephalopoda, based on basal taxa. The effective outgroups are (12) Neopilina (Monoplacophora) and (13) Hanleya (Polyplacophora). The phylogenetic analysis based on morphology revealed that the taxon Diasoma is supported by 14 synapomorphies, and is separated from Cyrtosoma (Gastropoda + Cephalopoda). Although they are not the main goal of this paper, the taxa Scaphopoda and Bivalvia are supported by 8 and by 7 synapomorphies respectively. The taxon Protobranchia resulted paraphyletic. Both scaphopod orders resulted monophyletic. The obtained cladogram is: ((((Coccodentalium carduus - Paradentalium disparile) (Polyschides noronhensis - Gadila brasiliensis)) ((Solemya occidentalis - S. notialis) (Propeleda carpenteri (Ennucula puelcha (Barbatia cancellaria - Serratina capsoides))))) (Propilidium curumim - Nautilus pompilius - Lolliguncula brevis)).

scholarly journals Evidence of an Marine Isotope Stage 3 transgression at the Baixada Santista, south-eastern Brazilian coast

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
André da Silva Salvaterra ◽  
Rosangela Felício dos Santos ◽  
Alexandre Barbosa Salaroli ◽  
Rubens Cesar Lopes Figueira ◽  
Michel Michaelovitch de Mahiques
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Marine Isotope Stage ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Marine Deposits ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Marine Isotope Stage 3 ◽  
New Evidence

ABSTRACT: In this paper, we present new evidence regarding a Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3) transgression on the south-eastern Brazilian coast (Baixada Santista coastal plain). Data collected from a Standard Penetration Test (SPT) drilling reveal the occurrence of myxohaline sediments between cal BP 45,000 and 41,000. A deeper sequence, which shows a clear transition from terrestrial to a myxohaline environment, was associated with MIS5e. Organic and inorganic proxies have been used to recognize the variations on the terrestrial/myxohaline/marine deposits, as well as to infer about climate and energy of the depositional environment. Environmental change, which could correspond to a sea-level peak or the occurrence of drier conditions, was recognized between 43,000 and 42,000 cal BP. The results reinforce the need for future works on MIS3 variability on the South American Atlantic coast.

Archeomagnetism of Jesuit Missions in South Brazil (1657–1706 AD) and assessment of the South American database

2016 ◽  
Vol 445 ◽  
pp. 36-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilbor Poletti ◽  
Ricardo I.F. Trindade ◽  
Gelvam A. Hartmann ◽  
Nadir Damiani ◽  
Raquel M. Rech
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Jesuit Missions ◽  
South Brazil
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