Near infrared spectroscopy of Eucalyptus pellita for foliar nutrients and the potential for real-time monitoring of trees in fertiliser trial plots

2021 ◽  
pp. 096703352110079
Author(s):  
Agustan Alwi ◽  
Roger Meder ◽  
Yani Japarudin ◽  
Hazandy A Hamid ◽  
Ruzana Sanusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Eucalyptus Pellita ◽  
Operational Decision Making ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
Planting Distance

Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell. has become an important tree species in the forest plantations of SE Asia, and in Malaysian Borneo in particular, to replace thousands of hectares of Acacia mangium Willd. which has suffered significant loss caused by Ceratocystis manginecans infection in Sabah, Malaysia. Since its first introduction at a commercial scale in 2012, E. pellita has been planted in many areas in the region. The species replacement requires new silvicultural practices to induce the adaptability of E. pellita to grow in the region and this includes relevant research to optimise such regimes as planting distance, pruning, weeding practices and nutrition regimes. In this present study, the nutritional status of the foliage was investigated with the aim to develop near infrared spectroscopic calibrations that can be used to monitor and quantify nutrient status, particularly total foliar nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the field. Spectra acquired on fresh foliage in situ on the tree could be used to predict N and P with accuracy suitable for operational decision-making regards fertiliser application. If greater accuracy is required, spectra acquired on dry, milled foliage could be used to predict N and P within a relative error of 10% (R2c, r2CV, RMSEP, RPD = 0.77, 0.71, 0.02 g 100/g, 1.9 for foliar P and = 0.90, 0.88, 0.21 g 100/g, 3.0 for foliar N on dry, milled foliage). The ultimate application of this is in situ nutrient monitoring, particularly to aid longitudinal studies in fertiliser trial plots and forest operations, as the non-destructive nature of NIR spectroscopy would enable regular monitoring of individual leaves over time without the need to destructively sample them. This would aid the temporal and spatial analysis of field data.

scholarly journals Nondestructive Prediction of Optimal Harvest Time of Cherry Tomatoes Using VIS-NIR Spectroscopy and PLSR Calibration

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Qing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Calibration Models ◽  
Optimal Harvest ◽  
Leave One Out

In situ determination of optimal harvest time of tomatoes is of value for growers to optimize fruit picking schedule. This study evaluates the feasibility of using visible and near infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy to make an intact estimation of harvest time of tomatoes. A mobile, fibre-type, AgroSpec VIS-NIR spectrophotometer (Tec5, Germany), with a spectral range of 350-2200 nm, was used for spectral acquisition of tomatoes in reflection mode. The harvest time of tomatoes was measured by the days before harvest. After dividing spectra into a calibration set (70%) and an independent prediction set (30%), spectra in the calibration set were subjected to a partial least-squares regression (PLSR) with leave-one-out cross validation to establish calibration models. Validation of calibration models on the independent prediction set indicates that the best model can produce excellent prediction accuracy with coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.90, root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 2.5 days and residual prediction deviation (RPD) of 3.01. It is concluded that VIS-NIR spectroscopy coupled with PLSR models can be adopted successfully for in situ determination of optimal harvest time of tomatoes, which allows for automatic fruit harvest by a horticultural robot.

scholarly journals In-situ monitoring of saccharides removal of alcohol precipitation using near-infrared spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (05) ◽  
pp. 1850027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxia Huang ◽  
Haibin Qu
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Process Analytical Technology ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Model Errors ◽  
Precipitation Processes ◽  
Mean Square Errors

As unsafe components in herbal medicine (HM), saccharides can affect not only the drug appearance and stabilization, but also the drug efficacy and safety. The present study focuses on the in-line monitoring of batch alcohol precipitation processes for saccharide removal using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. NIR spectra in the 4000–10,000-cm[Formula: see text] wavelength range are acquired in situ using a transflectance probe. These directly acquired spectra allow characterization of the dynamic variation tendency of saccharides during alcohol precipitation. Calibration models based on partial least squares (PLS) regression have been developed for the three saccharide impurities, namely glucose, fructose, and sucrose. Model errors are estimated as the root-mean-square errors of cross-validation (RMSECVs) of internal validation and root-mean-square errors of prediction (RMSEPs) of external validation. The RMSECV values of glucose, fructose, and sucrose were 1.150, 1.535, and 3.067[Formula: see text]mg[Formula: see text]mL[Formula: see text], and the RMSEP values were 0.711, 1.547, and 3.740[Formula: see text][Formula: see text], respectively. The correlation coefficients [Formula: see text] between the NIR predictive and the reference measurement values were all above 0.94. Furthermore, NIR predictions based on the constructed models improved our understanding of sugar removal and helped develop a control strategy for alcohol precipitation. The results demonstrate that, as an alternative process analytical technology (PAT) tool for monitoring batch alcohol precipitation processes, NIR spectroscopy is advantageous for both efficient determination of quality characteristics (fast, in situ, and requiring no toxic reagents) and process stability, and evaluating the repeatability.

On-Line Determination of Reaction Completion in a Closed-Loop Hydrogenator Using NIR Spectroscopy

1998 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard W. Ward ◽  
S. Sonja Sekulic ◽  
Michael J. Wheeler ◽  
Geraldine Taber ◽  
Frank J. Urbanski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Hydrogenation Reaction ◽  
Partial Least Squares Model ◽  
Chromatographic Procedure ◽  
On Line ◽  
Palladium On Carbon

An on-line near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic method has been developed to determine in situ the endpoint of a bulk pharmaceutical hydrogenation reaction in a loop hydrogenator. This hydrogenation employs a 5% palladium-on-carbon catalyst with tetrahydrofuran (THF) as the reaction solvent. The traditional test for monitoring the endpoint of the hydrogenation is a gas chromatographic procedure that requires an estimated 60 min from the time a sample is taken to the point where the analysis results become available. The use of NIR spectroscopy in an on-line mode of operation allows spectra to be collected every 2 min and thereby significantly improves response time and result availability. The need for obtaining results in “real time” stems from the creation of undesired side products if the reaction is allowed to continue past the optimal endpoint. If the reaction is not stopped before these side products reach a level of approximately 0.8% (wt/wt), the batch requires additional purification at considerable time and cost. A partial least-squares model was constructed, validated, and successfully used to determine the endpoint of subsequent batches.

The Effect of THF and the Chelating Modifier DTHFP on the Copol-ymerisation of -Myrcene and Styrene: Kinetics, Microstructures, Morphologies, and Mechanical Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Fuchs ◽  
Hanna Hübner ◽  
Tobias Kraus ◽  
Bart-Jan Niebuur ◽  
Markus Gallei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Lewis Bases

The statistical anionic copolymerisation of the biobased monomer β-myrcene with styrene in cyclohexane was investigated via in-situ near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, focusing on the influence of the modifiers (i.e., Lewis bases)...

scholarly journals Near Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy to Predict Physical Properties of Acacia mangium at Three Different Age Classes

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Lina Karlinasari ◽  
Merry Sabed
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Calibration Model

Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been used to predict several properties of wood. This is one of the nondestructive testing (NDT) methods providing fast and reliable wood characterization analysis which can be applied in various manufacture industry, included forest sector, in control and process monitoring task. Moisture content and wood density are important properties related to strength properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate NIR technique in obtaining calibration models for determining moisture content and wood density of Acacia mangium in the age of 5, 6, 7 years-old. Spectra were measured in both solid and ground wood samples. Laboratory testing of physical properties were determined by volumetric and gravimetric methods. The laboratory values were correlated with the NIR spectra using multivariate analysis statistic of Partial Least Square (PLS). The calibration-validation model of this relationship was evaluated by using the coefficient of determination (R2), root means square error of calibration (RMSEC) and cross-validation (RMSECV) values. Generally, a better accuracy was obtained by using calibration model of ground wood compared to that of solid wood samples. At age of 7 years-old, the R2 allowed the use of NIR spectra of solid samples to develop calibration and validation model, especially for wood density. Based on ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) and RMSE, ground samples demonstrated a higher value of RPD, RMSEC, and RMSECV compared to solid wood for all properties.

Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Measuring in Situ Degradability in Barley Forages

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hsu ◽  
A. McNeil ◽  
E. Okine ◽  
G. Mathison ◽  
R. Soofi-Siawash
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Feeder Cattle ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Validation Set

The Western Canadian dairy, beef cow and feeder cattle industries rely heavily on barley ( Hordeum vulgare) based forages for a major portion of the ruminant diet. The objective of this study was to investigate the use of near infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy to determine: 1) the proportion of rapidly degradable and slowly degradable dry matter in the forage, and 2) the effective rumen dry matter degradablities at rumen passage rates ( Kp) of 3% and 6% per hour for the forages, as determined in situ using the nylon bag technique. For each incubation period a total of 195 straw samples from the 1994 to 1995 crops years were placed in each rumen of three lactating Holstein cows. The same cows were used to incubate 27 greenfeed and corresponding 27 silage samples from the 1995 crop year. Similarly, 27 greenfeed and corresponding 27 silage samples from the 1996 crop year were incubated in each rumen of three dry Holstein cows. The incubation times were 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 72, 120 and 240 h. Residual dry matter (DM) in each bag was expressed as a percentage of original DM. Using an NIRSystems 6500 instrument and Infrasoft International, NIRS 3, version 3.11 software, calibration equations were developed for predicting rapidly degradable (A) and slowly degradable (B) rumen fractions and effective degradability at Kp of 3% (D) and 6% (E). Two-thirds of the 302 samples (202) were spectrally selected for NIR spectroscopy calibration and the remaining 100 samples were used for validation. Coefficients of multiple determination ( R2) between in situ experimental and NIR spectroscopy predicted results in the calibration set were 0.99, 0.92, 0.99 and 0.99 for A, B, D and E, respectively. Standard errors of calibration ( SEC) in the calibration set were 1.59, 2.57, 1.54 and 1.69 for A, B, D and E, respectively. The corresponding R2 and standard errors of prediction ( SEP) in the validation set were 0.95, 0.66, 0.96 and 0.94 and 3.47, 4.26, 3.04 and 3.63 for A, B, D and E, respectively. The RPD statistics, the ratio of the standard deviation of in situ data to SEP from the validation set, were 4.75, 1.73, 4.67 and 4.08 for A, B, D and E, respectively, indicating that the calibration equation is acceptable for predicting an in situ constituents accurately. Based on the high R2, low SEC, low SEP and the high RPD results, we conclude that the NIR spectroscopy equations developed in this study are valid for predicting the rapidly degradable (A) fraction and the effective rumen dry matter (DM) degradability at both 3% (D) and 6% (E) per hour rumen passage rates for barley forages.

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for estimating the chemical composition of (Acacia mangium Willd.) wood

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Karlinasari ◽  
Merry Sabed ◽  
I. Nyoman J. Wistara ◽  
Y. A. Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy
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