Flame Retardancy of Nanocomposites - from Research to Reality

Nanocomposites are a new class of polymer systems. Modified layered silicates as fillers are dispersed at a nm-level within a polymer matrix. For nanocomposites new and extraordinary properties are observed. The thermal stability and the flame retardancy of polymers forming nanocomposites are improved. The flame retardancy mechanism of layered silicate nanocomposites is based on the char formation and its structure; the char insulates the polymer from heat and acts as a barrier, reducing the escape of volatile gases from the polymer combustion. The cone calorimeter is a very useful tool to investigate the properties of flame retardancy. The combination of organoclays with traditional flame retardants is a general way to improve the flame retardant properties of polymers.

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Biodegradable Polyester / Layered Silicate Nanocomposites

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-740-i5.3 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 740 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Pralay Maiti ◽

Carl A. Batt ◽

Emmanuel P. Giannelis

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Storage Modulus ◽

Layered Silicate ◽

Layered Silicates ◽

Melt Extrusion ◽

Biodegradable Polyester ◽

Modified Montmorillonite ◽

Organically Modified Montmorillonite ◽

Silicate Nanocomposites ◽

Organically Modified

ABSTRACTNanocomposites of α-hydroxy polyester, polylactide (PLA) and β-hydroxy polyester, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) with layered silicates have been successfully prepared by melt extrusion of PLA and PHB with organically modified montmorillonite (MMT) and fluoromica. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites are improved compared to the neat polymers. Storage modulus increase up to 40% compared with the pure polymers by adding only 2–3 wt% nanoclay. Biodegradation can be controlled by the choice of the nanoclay used.

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Biodegradable Nanocomposites of Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate): The Effect of Nanoparticles

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2008.18251 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 1858-1866 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Pralay Maiti ◽

Jaya P. Prakash Yadav

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Layered Silicate ◽

Layered Silicates ◽

Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Silicate Nanocomposites ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Superior Mechanical Properties ◽

Biodegradable Nanocomposites

Copolymer of hydroxybutyrate and hydroxyvalerate, P(HB-HV)/layered silicate or hydroxyapatite nanocomposites were prepared via melt extrusion. The nanostructure, as observed from wide-angle X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, indicate intercalated hybrids for layered silicates. Hydroxyapatite of nanometer dimension is uniformly distributed in matrix copolymer. The nanohybrids show significant improvement in thermal and mechanical properties of the copolymer as compared to the neat copolymer. The layered silicate nanocomposites exhibit superior mechanical properties as compared to hydroxyapatite nanohybrid. The thermal expansion coefficient is significantly reduced in nanohybrids. The biodegradability of pure copolymer and its nanocomposites were studied at room temperatures under controlled conditions in compost media. The rate of biodegradation of copolymer is enhanced dramatically in the nanohybrids. Hydroxyapatite hybrid shows highest rate of biodegradation. The change in biodegradation is streamlined in terms of nature of nanoparticles used to prepare hybrids.

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Flame retardancy and char microstructure of nylon-6/layered silicate nanocomposites

Journal of Applied Polymer Science ◽

10.1002/app.25542 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 104 (3) ◽

pp. 1540-1550 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Kadhiravan Shanmuganathan ◽

Sarang Deodhar ◽

Nicholas Dembsey ◽

Qinguo Fan ◽

Paul D. Calvert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardancy ◽

Layered Silicate ◽

Nylon 6 ◽

Silicate Nanocomposites

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Preparation of Intercalated Organic Montmorillonite DOPO-MMT by Melting Method and Its Effect on Flame Retardancy to Epoxy Resin

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13203496 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (20) ◽

pp. 3496

Author(s):

Junming Geng ◽

Jianyu Qin ◽

Jiyu He

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Epoxy Resin ◽

Flame Retardancy ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

Characterization Methods ◽

Melting Method ◽

Organic Montmorillonite ◽

Ul 94 ◽

Flame Retardant Properties

An intercalated organic montmorillonite DOPO-MMT was prepared through the melting method using 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) as a modifier. Epoxy resin (EP) composites were prepared with DOPO-MMT, DOPO, MMT, and the physical mixtures of DOPO+MMT as flame retardants. The microstructure of the flame retardants and EP samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The flame retardant properties, thermal stability, and residual char structure of the EPs were studied by the limited oxygen index (LOI) test, the UL-94 vertical burning test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) test, the cone calorimeter (CONE) test as well as other characterization methods. The results showed that the intercalated organic montmorillonite DOPO-MMT can be successfully prepared by the melting method and that the MMT is evenly dispersed in the EP/DOPO-MMT composite in the form of nanosheets. The EP/DOPO-MMT nanocomposites showed the optimal flame retardancy (LOI, UL-94, PHRR, etc.) among the EPs with DOPO, MMT, and the physical mixture of DOPO+MMT. The flame-retardant grade of the material reached V-0.

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Kaolin-Based Geopolymer Filled Epoxy-Layered Silicates: Compressive Properties

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.754-755.220 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 754-755 ◽

pp. 220-224

Author(s):

Yusrina Mat Daud ◽

Kamarudin Hussin ◽

Che Mohd Ruzaidi ◽

Azlin Fazlin Osman ◽

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Layered Silicate ◽

Qualitative Evaluation ◽

Layered Silicates ◽

Compressive Properties ◽

Compressive Test ◽

Silicate Nanocomposites ◽

Nanocomposite System ◽

Dimensional Shape ◽

Three Dimensional Shape

The present work aimed to study the effects of kaolin-based geopolymers in epoxy-layered silicate nanocomposites using a compressive test. A series of nanocomposites with kaolin-based geopolymers containing 1-7 phr content were prepared. A qualitative evaluation of the three-dimensional shape of a kaolin-based geopolymer surface and origin was characterised using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was discovered that the addition of kaolin based geopolymer at the beginning, in low phr content, displayed a lower compressive strength than nanocomposites without kaolin based geopolymer filled. However, the compressive properties unexpectedly increased at 3phr of kaolin geopolymer content compared to nanocomposites without kaolin. This illustrated that the incorporation of kaolin geopolymers in the nanocomposite system can potentially improved the mechanical properties of the epoxy resin, thereby needs further exploration.

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