Wage developments in candidate countries

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-63
Author(s):  
Béla Galgóczi ◽  
Emmanuel Mermet
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Nominal Wage ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Basic Approaches

This article examines wage developments in 1990-2000 in the central and eastern European candidate countries. Two basic approaches are used: a comparison of wage levels in these countries with wages in EU countries and an examination of the development of wages in relation to other indicators of economic performance in the countries observed. Nominal wage levels were found to be 17% of EU levels whereas wage levels at purchasing power parity were found to be 39% of EU levels. The authors conclude that real wages in the period between 1992 and 2000 lagged substantially behind labour productivity and, in most countries, also behind GDP growth.

scholarly journals The Role of Fiscal Policy in Human Development: The Pakistan’s Perspective

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (4II) ◽  
pp. 381-396
Author(s):  
Syed Ammad Ali ◽  
Hasan Raza ◽  
Muhammad Umair Yousuf
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Per Capita

Human development considered as the engine of the economic growth as it improves the economy’s strength and increases the standard of living of the people, increases the choices and maximises the welfare of the society that is the prime objective of any government. The development of the human capabilities is also necessary for the sustainable growth, as there are many channels through which human development foster the economic growth. It increases the labour productivity, labour demand, employment and output. On the other hand, human capital also attracts physical capital.1 Empirically, it is very difficult to have an exact measure of human development and social welfare. Several proxies used to measure human development, e.g. GNI per capita as a measure of standard of living, Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) criterion to measure the cost of living and to measure the welfare, average year of schooling, school enrolment rate and health expenditures as a percentage of GDP to capture this composite welfare and development indicator. A fair index of Human Development Index (HDI) was developed by United Nations Development Programme in 1990. This index based on the standard of living (natural logarithm of GDP PPP per capita), access to knowledge (adult literacy rate with two-third weighting and the remaining is the gross enrolment ratio) and a healthy life (life expectancy at birth). The value of index varies from 0 to 1, lower the HDI, lesser would be the human development and welfare in the country or vice versa.

scholarly journals Labour Productivity in Different Segments of Aircraft Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Leonid Sobolev
Keyword(s):  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Aircraft Industry ◽  
Main Difficulty ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Market Segments ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Currencies ◽  
Market Relations

This article is devoted to the problem of labor productivity (LP) in various segments of the global aircraft industry over the past decade. Intense competition forces aircraft manufacturers to pursue a policy of saving resources (primarily, workforce) at the all stages of the life cycle of aircraft and to introduce innovative technologies, automation, and robots. In assessing the relative growth of LP, the inflation (relative to the base 2009) and the purchasing power parity (PPP) of national currencies relative to the dollar are taken into account. The analysis showed that the LP is different for aircraft market segments and depends on development of market relations in the countries-manufacturers. The author believes that the main difficulty to the LP growth in countries with developing markets are monopolism, weak management, and insufficient skills of engineers, marketers, and workers.

Revisiting purchasing power parity in Eastern European countries: quantile unit root tests

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee ◽  
Tsangyao Chang ◽  
Tsung-Hsien Chen ◽  
Han-Wen Tzeng
Keyword(s):  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Unit Root ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Unit Root Tests ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Output, Employment and Labour Productivity in Europe Since 1955

1976 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 72-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
European Context ◽  
Industrial Performance ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Uk

This article sets the broad facts of the industrial performance of the UK in the post-war period within a European context. Using purchasing power parity rates the relative levels of labour productivity between countries are compared, for GDP, manufacturing and six sub-sectors of manufacturing. By 1973 the UK had the lowest level amongst the countries studied. Growth rates of output, employment and labour productivity are estimated for four periods since 1955 and the relatively slow growth rates in the UK are analysed.

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