Advancing Transnational Higher Education in Ethiopia: Policy Promises and Realities

2021 ◽  
pp. 102831532110420
Author(s):  
Wondwosen Tamrat ◽  
Damtew Teferra

Ethiopia boasts more than a million students in its burgeoning higher education sector which has witnessed phenomenal growth over the last two decades. In this context, transnational higher education (TNHE) has been widely touted as a viable means of addressing human resource capacity building needs and quality educational provisions. Using documentary analysis, survey questionnaire and structured interviews as principal data sources, this study explored the major rationales, policy directions and gaps in the provision of TNHE in Ethiopia. The findings of the study indicate that despite policy directions informed by the theories of human capital development and social inclusion which are widely advanced by multilateral agents like the World Bank and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, the gains so far have been marginal and fraught with a plethora of challenges. The study proposes mechanisms for addressing these challenges and enhancing the contribution of TNHE in the context of developing countries.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Brenda Cordovil Corrêa dos Santos ◽  
Mário Miguel Amin Garcia Herreros

ResumoO formato construído para programas de redução da pobreza rural pressupõe uma interação entre financiadores (no caso em estudo, Banco Mundial), governos, comunidades locais e demais parceiros para o desenvolvimento de projetos. Em razão disso, estudar como a governança se reflete nos projetos é de fundamental importância. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a governança nos projetos apoiados pelo Programa Pará Rural, nos municípios de Acará e Tracuateua, no Estado do Pará.Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza exploratória com abordagem qualitativa que se baseou em observação, pesquisa documental e aplicação de questionários semiestruturados. Como referencial teórico, foram utilizadas as teorias da governança, ação coletiva e a teoria institucional, com foco nos esquemas interpretativos e na construção da estratégia. A pesquisa analisou a governança e os padrões de articulação e cooperação, a forma como se dá a ação coletiva no desenvolvimento do projeto e como as instituições influenciam na formulação estratégica e, consequentemente, na governança das comunidades. Os resultados apontam que, quando o pensamento estratégico não se faz presente e a ação coletiva é frágil, as relações estabelecidas se configuram numa governança desfavorável ao sucesso dos empreendimentos. A pesquisa concluiu que a estratégia e a forma como ocorre a ação coletiva influenciam diretamente na governança.AbstractThe pattern built for rural poverty reduction programs supposes interaction between the sponsors (in this case, the World Bank), Government agents, local communities, and other partners for projects development. Thus, it is the significant importance to study how governance is reflected in projects. The research aims to analyze how has governance been carried out in projects supported by the Pará Rural Program in the municipalities of Acará and Tracuateua, in Pará State. It is a qualitative and exploratory research based on observation, documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews. Theoretically, the research takes the institutional theory and the theories of governance and collective action, particularly focusing on interpretive schemes and strategy building. The research analyzed the governance and its pattern of articulation and cooperation, the way of how collective action happens in projects formulation and consequently on the communities’ governance.


2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-297
Author(s):  
Carrie Amani Annabi ◽  
Amanda L. McStay ◽  
Allyson Fiona Noble ◽  
Maha Sidahmed

Purpose High levels of absenteeism have been observed amongst male students attending two transnational higher education (TNHE) institutions in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). One reason offered is an obligation to attend engagement ceremonies. Many ceremonies are linked to arranged marriages. The purpose of this paper is to contradict assumptions that suggest that higher education reduces arranged marriages, and to highlight that university policies overlook cultural nuances. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 male postgraduate students aged between 22 and 45. Content analysis was used to analyse and interpret the data. Findings Several interviewees chose to have an arranged marriage and some saw their postgraduate studies as an opportunity to have a better chance of securing a wife. Equally, several students felt that university policies were unsympathetic to cultural obligations. Research limitations/implications This research was restricted to male students from two TNHE institutes in the UAE. Practical implications This research provides insight for TNHE managers by providing student-centric research into cultural reasons that prevent student attendance. Social implications TNHE is not fully responsive to familial obligations within collective societies. In consequence, there has been a lack of sympathy within policies regarding students’ requirement to fulfil cultural commitments. Originality/value The paper explores the challenges of creating culturally sensitive educational policy and practices.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Magdolna Mandel ◽  
Anargul Belgibayeva

The aim of our research was to describe, compare, and analyze the development of business and educational co-operation between Kazakhstan and Hungary over the past 19 years. The research was prompted by the university-level co-operation between the two countries that star ted in 2018, which was made possible by the strategic partnership that is the topic of the present article. We started from the hypothesis that both business and educational co-operation has developed linearly and significantly during the last 19 years. Our research methodology was based on gathering and analyzing secondary macroeconomic, trade, and educational co-operation data in the period between 2011 and 2020. The data were obtained from publications, national offices (statistical, commerce, and education), and international bodies (like TempusPublic Foundation, Eurostat, International Monetary Fund [IMF], and the World Bank). In this paper, we intend to link the main political, social, and macroeconomic endowments with business and educational developments of partnership in the two countries, trying to map out prospects for co-operation. One conclusion is that, although in the political communications of the two countries we were able to identify significant governmental efforts on both sides to support and enforce economic and educational co-operation, the data indicate a decrease in the size of business investments. At the same time, however, the educational co-operation between the two parties continues to develop further.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Guedes Basilio MECHISSO

RESUMOO presente artigo analisa as influências globais nas políticas nacionais, a partir da expansão do ensino superior em Moçambique. As reformas políticas de carís neoliberal a que o país foi sujeito a partir da década de 90, com a adesão ao Banco Mundial e ao Fundo Monetário InternacionaI propiciaram a entrada do sector privado na educação. Poe essa via, houve um crescimento vertiginoso de novas IES na sua maioria privadas e com as IES públicas a ofertarem maior parte das vagas de ingresso em regime privado (cursos pós-laborais e a distância). Pelo carácter mercadológico, o ensino superior passou a limitar o seu acesso para todos. O referencial teórico-metodológico de análise é a Abordagem do Ciclo de Políticas de Stephen Ball e outros, sintetizado por Mainardes (2006).Expansão. Acesso. Neoliberalismo. Influences of global policies on the expansion of higher education in Mozambique ABSTRACTThis article analyzes the global influences on national policies, based on the expansion of higher education in Mozambique. The political reforms of a neoliberal nature to which the country was subjected since the 1990s, with the adhesion to the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, provided the entrance of the private sector in education. As a result, there was a virtuous growth in new HEIs, mostly private ones, with public HEIs offering most of the places for admission to the private regime (post-employment and distance courses). Due to the market character, higher education started to limit its access for all. The theoretical-methodological framework of analysis is Stephen Ball's Policy Cycle Approach and others, synthesized by Mainardes (2006). Expansion. Access. Neoliberalism. Influencias de las políticas globales en la expansión de la educación superior en Mozambique RESUMEN Este artículo analiza las influencias globales en las políticas nacionales, basadas en la expansión de la educación superior en Mozambique. Las reformas políticas de carácter neoliberal a las que estuvo sometido el país desde la década de 1990, con la adhesión del Banco Mundial y el Fondo Monetario Internacional, proporcionaron la entrada del sector privado en la educación. Como resultado, hubo un crecimiento acelerado de nuevas IES, en su mayoría privadas y IES públicas que ofrecieron la mayoría de los lugares de admisión en régimen privado (cursos posteriores al empleo y a distancia). Debido al carácter del mercado, la educación superior comenzó a limitar su acceso para todos. El marco de análisis teórico-metodológico es el Enfoque del Ciclo de Políticas de Stephen Ball y otros, sintetizado por Mainardes (2006). Expansión. Acceso. Neoliberalismo.  Influenze delle politiche globali sull'espansione dell'istruzione superiore in Mozambico SINTESE Questo articolo analizza le influenze globali sulle politiche nazionali, basate sull'espansione dell'istruzione superiore in Mozambico. Le riforme politiche neoliberiste alle quali il paese è stato sottoposto dagli anni '90, con l'adesione della Banca mondiale e del Fondo monetario internazionale, hanno fornito al settore privato l'accesso all'istruzione. Di conseguenza, si è verificata una crescita accelerata di nuovi istituti di istruzione superiore, principalmente istituti di istruzione superiore pubblici e privati, che hanno offerto la maggior parte dei luoghi di ammissione su base privata (post-impiego e corsi a distanza). A causa della natura del mercato, l'istruzione superiore ha iniziato a limitare l'accesso a tutti. Il quadro di analisi teorico-metodologico è il focus del ciclo politico di Stephen Ball e altri, sintetizzato da Mainardes (2006). Espansione. Accesso. Neoliberismo.


Author(s):  
Alexey Carvalho

The purpose of this paper is to bring to reflection the main influences of globalization in Brazilian higher education has occurred in the last two decades. A critical analysis of the relevant literature was made, addressing the main international organizations such as the World Bank (WB) and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), as well as its main guidelines for the education. Among the aspects analyzed, it is possible to verify a convergence of the guidelines of these organizations about the importance of Higher Education for economic development and the need to link the use of public resources to quality.


Author(s):  
Jane Jenson

In the mid-1990s, the practice of international organizations began to cohere around the social investment perspective, with strategies that were child-centred and advocated human capital investments for economic growth and social development. This chapter examines the World Bank, which endorsed the policy instrument of conditional cash transfers (CCT) to allow very poor families to invest in children’s health and education—a stock-plus-buffer strategy. Then it scans the OECD, which recommended early childhood education to ensure human capital development and the labour-market activation of parents—a stock-plus-flow strategy. Both organizations developed anti-poverty positions with attention to the intergenerational transfer of disadvantage and investments in human capital. This similarity has declined in recent years, as the World Bank incorporated the social investment perspective into its new inclusive growth frame, while the OECD turned its attention to problems of inequality rather than poverty and thereby associated itself less with the social investment perspective.


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