How Often Should Native Forests Be Logged? A Case Study on the Eden Management Area

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Rotation Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Native Forests ◽  
Optimal Rotation ◽  
Old Growth Forests ◽  
Management Area ◽  
Over Time

The question of how often to log is examined applying two different methods –one optimizes over time the value of its timber harvested and the other considers the forest as a multi-use resource. The former, applied to data for the Eden area given an optimal rotation period of 25 years, the latter suggests that it is optimal never to harvest pristine native old growth forests.

Assessing IPR Disclosure within Standard Setting

2015 ◽  
pp. 86-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Layne-Farrar
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mobile Telephony ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Patent Holder ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Full Knowledge ◽  
Over Time

As part of its “policy project to examine the legal and policy issues surrounding the problem of potential patent ‘hold-up' when patented technologies are included in collaborative standards,” the Federal Trade Commission held an all-day workshop on June 21, 2011. The first panel of the day focused on patent disclosure rules intended to encourage full knowledge of patents “essential” for a standard and therefore to prevent patent ambush. When patents are disclosed after a standard is defined, the patent holder may have enhanced bargaining power that it can exploit to charge excessive royalties (e.g., greater than the value the patented technology contributes to the product complying with the standard). In this chapter, the authors present a case study on patent disclosure within the ICT sector. Specifically, they take an empirical look at the timing of patent disclosures within the European Telecommunications Standards Institute, the body responsible for some of the world's most prevalent mobile telephony standards. They find that most members officially disclose their potentially relevant patents after the standard is published, and sometimes considerably so. On the other hand, the authors also find that the delay in declaring patents to ETSI standards has been shrinking over time, with disclosures occurring closer to (although for the most part still after) the standard publication date for more recent standard generations as compared to earlier ones. This latter finding coincides with ETSI policy changes, suggesting that standards bodies may be able to improve patent disclosure with more precise rules.

Preservation of old-growth forests: a case study of Big Timber Park, Whistler, BC

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-379
Author(s):  
LORI D. DANIELS ◽  
MARIKO YANAGAWA ◽  
KARI L. WERNER ◽  
LUKE VASAK ◽  
JESSICA A. PANJER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Old Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forests

scholarly journals Identity Paradoxes: How Senior Managers and Employees Negotiate Similarity and Distinctiveness Tensions over Time

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 489-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Cuganesan
Keyword(s):  
Identity Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Police Organization ◽  
Cyclical Process ◽  
Over Time

Employee identity is shaped by a need to feel similarity to, as well as distinctiveness from, others in organizations. While this paradoxical tension is important we know little about how it is managed over time, especially when senior managers prioritize one element of the paradox over the other. Consequently I investigate how senior managers and employees negotiate the similarity–distinctiveness identity paradox over time, doing so through a longitudinal case study of a police organization undergoing change. The study contributes to prior paradox literature in two significant ways. First, it reveals how senior managers and employees negotiate tensions in employee identity between similarity and distinctiveness as an emergent and cyclical process of identity regulation and heterogeneous identity work. This shows how the balance between similarity and distinctiveness is both elusive to achieve for all organizational participants and difficult to sustain over time. Second, it highlights how defensive approaches to identity paradox may lead to positive outcomes, with this contingent on organizational participants’ ability to make strong claims about the importance of the paradox element they favour for the organization’s future.

scholarly journals Bryophyte Conservation in Managed Boreal Landscapes: Fourteen-Year Impacts of Partial Cuts on Epixylic Bryophytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Opoku-Nyame ◽  
Alain Leduc ◽  
Nicole J. Fenton
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Old Growth Forests ◽  
Over Time

Clear cut harvest simplifies and eliminates old growth forest structure, negatively impacting biodiversity. Partial cut harvest has been hypothesized (1) to have less impact on biodiversity than clear cut harvest, and (2) to encourage old growth forest structures. Long-term studies are required to test this hypothesis as most studies are conducted soon after harvest. Using epixylic bryophytes as indicators, this study addresses this knowledge gap. Fourteen years after harvest, we examined changes in epixylic bryophyte community composition richness and traits, and their microhabitats (coarse woody debris characteristics and microclimate) along an unharvested, partial cuts and clear cuts harvest treatment in 30 permanent plots established in the boreal black spruce (Picea mariana) forests of northwestern Quebec, Canada. Our results were compared to those of an initial post-harvest study (year 5) and to a chronosequence of old growth forests to examine species changes over time and the similarity of bryophyte communities in partial cut and old growth forests. Coarse woody debris (CWD) volume by decay class varied among harvest treatments with partial cuts and clear cuts recording lower volumes of early decay CWD. The epixylic community was richer in partial cuts than in mature unharvested forests and clear cuts. In addition, species richness and overall abundance doubled in partial and clear cuts between years 5 and 14. Species composition also differed among treatments between years 5 and 14. Furthermore, conditions in partial cut stands supported small, drought sensitive, and old growth confined species that are threatened by conditions in clear cut stands. Lastly, over time, species composition in partial cuts became more similar to old growth forests. Partial cuts reduced harvest impacts by continuing to provide favorable microhabitat conditions that support epixylic bryophytes. Also, partial cut harvest has the potential to encourage old growth species assemblages, which has been a major concern for biodiversity conservation in managed forest landscapes. Our findings support the promotion of partial cut harvest as an effective strategy to achieve species and habitat conservation goals.

Towards a better understanding of long-term wood-chemistry variations in old-growth forests: A case study on ancient Pinus uncinata trees from the Pyrenees

2018 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 220-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Hevia ◽  
Raúl Sánchez-Salguero ◽  
J. Julio Camarero ◽  
Allan Buras ◽  
Gabriel Sangüesa-Barreda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Chemistry ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Pinus Uncinata ◽  
Old Growth Forests

scholarly journals How Much Can We See from a UAV-Mounted Regular Camera? Remote Sensing-Based Estimation of Forest Attributes in South American Native Forests

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2151
Author(s):  
Alejandro Miranda ◽  
Germán Catalán ◽  
Adison Altamirano ◽  
Carlos Zamorano-Elgueta ◽  
Manuel Cavieres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Boosted Regression Trees ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Native Forests ◽  
Old Growth Forests

Data collection from large areas of native forests poses a challenge. The present study aims at assessing the use of UAV for forest inventory on native forests in Southern Chile, and seeks to retrieve both stand and tree level attributes from forest canopy data. Data were collected from 14 plots (45 × 45 m) established at four locations representing unmanaged Chilean temperate forests: seven plots on secondary forests and seven plots on old-growth forests, including a total of 17 different native species. The imagery was captured using a fixed-wing airframe equipped with a regular RGB camera. We used the structure from motion and digital aerial photogrammetry techniques for data processing and combined machine learning methods based on boosted regression trees and mixed models. In total, 2136 trees were measured on the ground, from which 858 trees were visualized from the UAV imagery of the canopy, ranging from 26% to 88% of the measured trees in the field (mean = 45.7%, SD = 17.3), which represented between 70.6% and 96% of the total basal area of the plots (mean = 80.28%, SD = 7.7). Individual-tree diameter models based on remote sensing data were constructed with R2 = 0.85 and R2 = 0.66 based on BRT and mixed models, respectively. We found a strong relationship between canopy and ground data; however, we suggest that the best alternative was combining the use of both field-based and remotely sensed methods to achieve high accuracy estimations, particularly in complex structure forests (e.g., old-growth forests). Field inventories and UAV surveys provide accurate information at local scales and allow validation of large-scale applications of satellite imagery. Finally, in the future, increasing the accuracy of aerial surveys and monitoring is necessary to advance the development of local and regional allometric crown and DBH equations at the species level.

scholarly journals Turning movement into music: Issues and applications of the MotionComposer, a therapeutic device for persons with different abilities

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Bergsland ◽  
Robert Wechsler
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Technical Description ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
General Mapping ◽  
The One ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Related Design

The article discusses the ways in which the MotionComposer (MC), a newly developed device that turns movement into music, engages users with different abilities, so as to provide positive psychological and somatic effects. It begins with a case study – the story of one application of the device involving a young man with cerebral palsy. His experiences are typical of many others and provide some useful generalisations. The article then discusses a number of goals and related design principles that have been important in the development of the device, including a discussion of two conflicting strategies which must be reconciled: On the one hand, there is a need for clear causality. On the other hand, for such a device to remain interesting over time, there is a need for variation. A technical description of the hardware and software is given, followed by a discussion of general mapping issues pertaining to the different sound environments or interaction modes of the MC.

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