scholarly journals Enteric Lesions Induced by Different Pseudorabies (Aujeszky's Disease) Virus Strains Inoculated into Closed Intestinal Loops of Pigs

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Narita ◽  
Y. M. Zhao ◽  
K. Kawashima ◽  
S. Arai ◽  
H. Hirose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Lymphoid Follicles ◽  
Aujeszky’S Disease Virus ◽  
Myenteric Plexuses ◽  
Type Strains

Three different strains of pseudorabies (Aujeszky's disease) virus were inoculated into ligated closed loops in the jejunum and ileum of five specific-pathogen-free pigs. Infected areas were compared with respect to distribution of histologic lesions and pseudorabies virus antigen. Two wild-type strains of pseudorabies virus produced enteric lesions consisting of necrosis of the subepithelial macrophages in the basilar crypt epithelium, necrosis of the lymphoid follicles in the Peyer's patches, degeneration of the epithelial cells in the crypt and villi, degeneration of the neuronal cells in the myenteric plexuses, and formation of intranuclear inclusion bodies on postinoculation days 2–4. Pseudorabies virus antigen was initially detected in subepithelial macrophages of the dome of Peyer's patches on postinoculation day 2 and subsequently extended to superficial epithelium and deeper into the lymphoid follicles and myenteric plexuses on postinoculation days 3–4. Many pseudorabies virus particles were also detected in the center of their necrotic foci. However, 1 mutant strain (ara-T-resistant) of pseudorabies virus did not produce enteric lesions. The results suggest that the primary target of infection by wild-type strains of pseudorabies virus might be the macrophages distributed in the subepithelial area of the dome Peyer's patches.

Histochemical Studies on Post Natal Development of Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) of Intestine of Pati Duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) of Assam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Deka ◽  
M. Talukdar ◽  
D.J. Talukdar
Keyword(s):  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Strong Reaction ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Lymphoid Follicles ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules

Background: The Pati duck constitutes a major indigenous duck variety in the state of Assam. The study of the gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) of Pati duck of Assam is of great value in regard to normal academic and bio-medical research aspects. It is also pre-requisite for correct diagnosis and evaluating the treatment of certain diseases like duck virus enteritis, duck cholera, aflatoxicosis, botulism etc, caused by different types of pathogens, food poisoning and food allergy. Methods: The study was conducted on Pati duck of Assam in where 45 numbers of ducks were selected by irrespective of sex at different stages of development. The birds were divided into five groups depending on its age viz., 1st week, 4th week, 16th week, 24th week and 42nd weeks old. The pieces of gut having lymphoid tissue or Peyer’s patches were collected immediately after slaughter. Samples were made cryosections (-20oC) at 10µm in thickness and were temporally stored at (-22oC). The histochemical staining was done after that. Result: The acid phosphatase activity was weak in the lymphoid follicles of 1st and 4th week of age of Pati duck, while its activity was moderate in 16th, 24th and 42th week of age.The alkaline phosphatase activity was moderate reaction in the lymphoid follicles of 1st and 4th week of age of Pati duck, while its activity was intense in 16th, 24th and 42th week of age of duck. The lymphoid follicles of both Peyer’s patches and solitary lymphoid nodules were showed moderate activity for adenosine tri-phosphatase activity in 1st and 4th week old Pati duck and strong activity in 16th, 24th and 42th week of age of Pati duck, respectively. The lymphoid nodules of intestine showed strong reaction for non-specific esterase activity in all the age groups of Pati duck.

scholarly journals Salmonella Exploits Caspase-1 to Colonize Peyer's Patches in a Murine Typhoid Model

2000 ◽  
Vol 192 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise M. Monack ◽  
David Hersh ◽  
Nafisa Ghori ◽  
Donna Bouley ◽  
Arturo Zychlinsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Cysteine Proteases ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Caspase 1

Salmonella typhimurium invades host macrophages and induces apoptosis and the release of mature proinflammatory cytokines. SipB, a protein translocated by Salmonella into the cytoplasm of macrophages, is required for activation of Caspase-1 (Casp-1, an interleukin [IL]-1β–converting enzyme), which is a member of a family of cysteine proteases that induce apoptosis in mammalian cells. Casp-1 is unique among caspases because it also directly cleaves the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 to produce bioactive cytokines. We show here that mice lacking Casp-1 (casp-1−/− mice) had an oral S. typhimurium 50% lethal dose (LD50) that was 1,000-fold higher than that of wild-type mice. Salmonella breached the M cell barrier of casp-1−/− mice efficiently; however, there was a decrease in the number of apoptotic cells, intracellular bacteria, and the recruitment of polymorphonuclear lymphocytes in the Peyer's patches (PP) as compared with wild-type mice. Furthermore, Salmonella did not disseminate systemically in the majority of casp-1−/− mice, as demonstrated by significantly less colonization in the PP, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleens of casp-1−/− mice after an oral dose of S. typhimurium that was 100-fold higher than the LD50. The increased resistance in casp-1−/− animals appears specific for Salmonella infection since these mice were susceptible to colonization by another enteric pathogen, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, which normally invades the PP. These results show that Casp-1, which is both proapoptotic and proinflammatory, is essential for S. typhimurium to efficiently colonize the cecum and PP and subsequently cause systemic typhoid-like disease in mice.

Identification of intestinal M cells in isolated lymphoid follicles and Peyer’s patches of the Angora rabbit

2010 ◽  
Vol 341 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feyzullah Beyaz ◽  
Emel Ergün ◽  
Alev G. Bayraktaroğlu ◽  
Levent Ergün
Keyword(s):  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
M Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Follicles ◽  
Angora Rabbit

scholarly journals The Proinflammatory Response Induced by Wild-Type Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infection Inhibits Survival of yop Mutants in the Gastrointestinal Tract and Peyer's Patches

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 1516-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren K. Logsdon ◽  
Joan Mecsas
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Infection Models ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT Single-strain infections and coinfections are frequently used to assess roles of virulence factors in infected tissues. After oral inoculation of mice, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis yopE and yopH mutants colonize the intestines and Peyer's patches in single-strain infections but fail to persist in competition with wild-type Y. pseudotuberculosis, indicating that these two infection models provide different insights into the roles of Yops. To determine how wild-type Y. pseudotuberculosis hinders yop mutant survival, yop mutant colonization and host responses were investigated in several different infection models that isolated specific features of wild-type Y. pseudotuberculosis infection. Infection with wild-type Y. pseudotuberculosis caused significantly more inflammation than yop mutants. Results from coinfections of gamma interferon (IFN-γ)−/− mice revealed that IFN-γ-regulated defenses target these mutants, suggesting that YopE and YopH protect Y. pseudotuberculosis from these defenses in BALB/c mice. We developed an oral-intraperitoneal infection model to evaluate the effects of spleen and liver colonization by Y. pseudotuberculosis on yop mutants in the intestines. Spleen and liver infection increased inflammation and decreased yop mutant survival in the intestines, indicating that infection of these organs has consequences in intestinal tissues. Finally, competition infections with Y. pseudotuberculosis mutants with various abilities to induce inflammation demonstrated that survival of the yopE, but not the yopH, mutant was consistently decreased in inflamed tissues. In summary, infection with Y. pseudotuberculosis in intestinal and systemic sites induces intestinal inflammation, which decreases yop mutant survival. Thus, competition studies with wild-type yersiniae reveal critical roles of Yops in combating host responses to a normal virulent infection.

scholarly journals The rovA Mutant of Yersinia enterocolitica Displays Differential Degrees of Virulence Depending on the Route of Infection

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 3512-3520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Dube ◽  
Scott A. Handley ◽  
Paula A. Revell ◽  
Virginia L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Global Regulator ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACT Yersinia enterocolitica is an invasive enteric pathogen that causes significant inflammatory disease. Recently, we identified and characterized a global regulator of virulence (rovA). When mice are infected orally with the rovA mutant they are attenuated by 50% lethal dose (LD50) analysis and have altered kinetics of infection. Most significantly, mice orally infected with the rovA mutant have greatly reduced inflammation in the Peyer's patches compared to those infected with wild-type Y. enterocolitica. However, we present data here indicating that when the rovA mutant bacteria are delivered intraperitoneally (i.p.), they are significantly more virulent than when delivered orally. The i.p. LD50 for the rovA mutant is only 10-fold higher than that of the wild-type Y. enterocolitica, and there are significant inflammatory responses to the rovA mutant that are evident in the liver and spleen. Altogether, these data suggest that the RovA regulon may be required for the early events of the infection that occur in the Peyer's patches. Furthermore, these data suggest that the RovA regulon may be dispensable for Y. enterocolitica systemic disease and inflammatory responses if the Peyer's patches are bypassed.

scholarly journals Microcirculation of intestinal lymphoid follicles in rat Peyer's patches

1981 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak K. Bhalla ◽  
Takuro Murakami ◽  
Robert L. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Lymphoid Follicles
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