What Makes an Entrepreneurship Study Entrepreneurial? Toward A Unified Theory of Entrepreneurial Agency

2020 ◽  
pp. 104225872092246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery S. McMullen ◽  
Katrina M. Ingram ◽  
Joel Adams
Keyword(s):  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Five Elements ◽  
Entrepreneurial Action ◽  
Conceptual Core

Calls for greater contextualization have been powerful in motivating research and knowledge creation about entrepreneurship. However, unless counter-balanced with attempts to identify the field’s conceptual core, these efforts have the potential to devolve into hyper-contextualization, exposing the field to fragmentation, loss of consensus, and possible disintegration. We identify five elements of entrepreneurial agency common across eight subcommunities of entrepreneurship but emphasized differently in each. By conceiving of entrepreneurship as structural transformation, we explain why some agents succeed at transforming social structures via entrepreneurial action. We conclude with some first steps toward the development of a unified theory of entrepreneurial agency.

The Eventfulness of Social Reproduction

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Moore
Keyword(s):  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Stability And Change ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions

The work of William Sewell and Marshall Sahlins has led to a growing interest in recent years in events as a category of analysis and their role in the transformation of social structures. I argue that tying events solely to instances of significant structural transformation entails problematic theoretical assumptions about stability and change and produces a circumscribed field of events, undercutting the goal of developing an “eventful” account of social life. Social continuity is a state that is achieved just as much as are structural transformations, and events may be constitutive of processes of reproduction as well as change.

scholarly journals Thermodynamics Expression in Action within Entrepreneurial Process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Leong
Keyword(s):  
Social Constructionist ◽  
Invisible Hand ◽  
Imperfect Markets ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Entrepreneurial Process ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Energy Gradient ◽  
Process View ◽  
Entrepreneurial Action

<div> <div> <div> <p>Up until now, entrepreneurship study has not developed a unified theory with key concepts that can elucidate the holistically process-driven characteristics of entrepreneurial venturing. What spur entrepreneurs to action along the process-driven pathway? This paper intends to relate the business of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial actions and activities to thermodynamic and energy gradient-manipulation mechanism. Taking entrepreneurial venturing from a process view and in an attempt to reconstruct the entrepreneurial process by illustrating a range of relevant perspectives from energy gradients in naturally occurring chemical , biological and physical systems basing on interpretive and phenomenological, social constructionist angle; this paper hopes to pull together a unifying theory on action-based activities in entrepreneurial venturing with thermodynamic concepts and expressions with gradient-manipulation mechanism to explain the entrepreneurial action-motion phenomena. The gradient-manipulating mechanism and thermodynamic expressions thus become the “nature” invisible hand that operates the motion of actions. Kirzner’s theory of entrepreneurship explains the coordination of markets and of knowledge. It is that knowledge, the recognition of the opportunities in the actual imperfect markets that triggers the gradient-manipulation mechanism. </p> </div> </div> </div>

scholarly journals Towards a unified theory of market prices: turning to pricing in practice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Bååth
Keyword(s):  
Social Structures ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Market Knowledge ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Mainstream Economics ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork

This paper contributes to the study of prices in markets. It starts by asking: how do market prices work? Beyond mainstream economics, I find two distinct answers for this question: either prices are outcomes, coordinated by social structures through pricing scripts, or prices are performative-epistemological forces of marketization. Reviewing these two approaches to prices, I suggest they differ in their definitions of market knowledge, pricing, and price. I then examine these definitions by applying them to empirical examples of pricing in practice, drawn from ethnographic fieldwork in the Swedish meat industry. The conclusion presents a unified theory of market prices as a ‘structural episteme’: prices work recursively as instances of taken-for-granted knowledge about market-relevant social structures. Pricing, then, is the scripted marketization process in which this knowledge is performed through monetary quantification, thereby (re)producing said structures.

Virtual Communities as Narrative Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Weeks ◽  
Natasha F. Veltri
Keyword(s):  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Discussion Forums ◽  
Community Knowledge ◽  
Primary Attraction ◽  
Networks Analysis ◽  
Virtual Communities Of Practice

This paper extends our understanding of knowledge creation in virtual communities of practice by examining crowdsourcing activities that enable knowledge creation in these social structures. An interpretive methodology, narrative networks analysis, is used to systematically study the narratives of discussion forums in a virtual community. The virtual community studied is voluntary for the participants, and open to anyone. Through the analysis of the narrative, a model of knowledge creation is developed that identifies types of evidentiary knowledge contributions, as well as conversation mitigators that help or hinder knowledge creation within the community. Knowledge is a primary attraction of a virtual community for many of its members, and this study aims to understand how knowledge is shared and created in such voluntary communities of practice. The model highlights elements that enhance and impair knowledge creation in this type of crowdsourced environment.

Economic, political, and social transformation in Brazil

2020 ◽  
pp. 1034-1058
Author(s):  
Sunil Tankha
Keyword(s):  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Considerable Degree ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
Political Alliances ◽  
Economic Sphere

Brazil’s current economic and political crises are not merely manifestations of corruption and economic mismanagement but are a persistent feature of the country’s economic, political, and social structures. This chapter elaborates a historical narrative analysis which shows the underlying dynamics of the formation and re-formation of political alliances as the country balances conservative and modernizing ideations and interests. In this scheme, because Brazil has not yet in its social sphere resolved its demographic debt nor completed in its economic sphere a structural transformation, the country lurches between competing economic and social approaches and discourses, always progressing but with a considerable degree of disorder.

scholarly journals Thermodynamics Expression in Action within Entrepreneurial Process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Leong
Keyword(s):  
Social Constructionist ◽  
Invisible Hand ◽  
Imperfect Markets ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Entrepreneurial Process ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Energy Gradient ◽  
Process View ◽  
Entrepreneurial Action

<div> <div> <div> <p>Up until now, entrepreneurship study has not developed a unified theory with key concepts that can elucidate the holistically process-driven characteristics of entrepreneurial venturing. What spur entrepreneurs to action along the process-driven pathway? This paper intends to relate the business of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial actions and activities to thermodynamic and energy gradient-manipulation mechanism. Taking entrepreneurial venturing from a process view and in an attempt to reconstruct the entrepreneurial process by illustrating a range of relevant perspectives from energy gradients in naturally occurring chemical , biological and physical systems basing on interpretive and phenomenological, social constructionist angle; this paper hopes to pull together a unifying theory on action-based activities in entrepreneurial venturing with thermodynamic concepts and expressions with gradient-manipulation mechanism to explain the entrepreneurial action-motion phenomena. The gradient-manipulating mechanism and thermodynamic expressions thus become the “nature” invisible hand that operates the motion of actions. Kirzner’s theory of entrepreneurship explains the coordination of markets and of knowledge. It is that knowledge, the recognition of the opportunities in the actual imperfect markets that triggers the gradient-manipulation mechanism. </p> </div> </div> </div>

The structure of pre-mRNA and mRNA from erythroid cells

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-235
Author(s):  
A.-M. Ladhoff ◽  
B.J. Thiele ◽  
Ch. Coutelle ◽  
S. Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Erythroid Cells ◽  
Globin Mrna ◽  
Ordered Structures ◽  
Rabbit Bone ◽  
Rabbit Reticulocytes

The suggested precursor-product relationship between the nuclear pre-mRNA and the cytoplasmic mRNA has created increased interest also in the structure of these RNA species. Previously we have been published electron micrographs of individual pre-mRNA molecules from erythroid cells. An intersting observation was the appearance of a contour, probably corresponding to higher ordered structures, on one end of 10 % of the pre-mRNA molecules from erythroid rabbit bone marrow cells (Fig. 1A). A virtual similar contour was observed in molecules of 9S globin mRNA from rabbit reticulocytes (Fig. 1B). A structural transformation in a linear contour occurs if the RNA is heated for 10 min to 90°C in the presence of 80 % formamide. This structural transformation is reversible when the denatured RNA is precipitated and redissolved in 0.2 M ammonium acetate.

Structural Transformation of a Germanium Σ=13 (510) [001] Tilt Grain Boundary under the Electron Beam

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Luc Rouvière ◽  
Alain Bourret
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Mirror Symmetry ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Tilt Grain Boundary

The possible structural transformations during the sample preparations and the sample observations are important issues in electron microscopy. Several publications of High Resolution Electron Microscopy (HREM) have reported that structural transformations and evaporation of the thin parts of a specimen could happen in the microscope. Diffusion and preferential etchings could also occur during the sample preparation.Here we report a structural transformation of a germanium Σ=13 (510) [001] tilt grain boundary that occurred in a medium-voltage electron microscopy (JEOL 400KV).Among the different (001) tilt grain boundaries whose atomic structures were entirely determined by High Resolution Electron Microscopy (Σ = 5(310), Σ = 13 (320), Σ = 13 (510), Σ = 65 (1130), Σ = 25 (710) and Σ = 41 (910), the Σ = 13 (510) interface is the most interesting. It exhibits two kinds of structures. One of them, the M-structure, has tetracoordinated covalent bonds and is periodic (fig. 1). The other, the U-structure, is also tetracoordinated but is not strictly periodic (fig. 2). It is composed of a periodically repeated constant part that separates variable cores where some atoms can have several stable positions. The M-structure has a mirror glide symmetry. At Scherzer defocus, its HREM images have characteristic groups of three big white dots that are distributed on alternatively facing right and left arcs (fig. 1). The (001) projection of the U-structure has an apparent mirror symmetry, the portions of good coincidence zones (“perfect crystal structure”) regularly separate the variable cores regions (fig. 2).

A Unified Theory of Voting

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Merrill, III ◽  
Bernard Grofman
Keyword(s):  
Unified Theory
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