MATERNIDADES DISFÓRICAS EN EL POLICIACO TELEVISIVO ESPAÑOL

Las representaciones de la maternidad integran un campo de estudio complejo y en ocasiones contradictorio, condicionado como pocos otros ámbitos de lo social por las tendencias político-ideológicas de cada momento histórico. A partir de los años noventa, el postfeminismo se ha venido apropiando de algunos postulados de la tercera ola feminista para proponer una versión idealizada de la buena madre que combina, sin problemas aparentes, el cuidado de sus hijos con su desarrollo profesional. La figura resultante de este modelo neoliberal, de carácter naturalista y esencialista, constituye un horizonte inalcanzable para la mayor parte de las mujeres trabajadoras. Estas madres imperfectas han encontrado en el thriller televisivo el imaginario idóneo donde evidenciar la imposibilidad de la maternidad ideal. La serie Néboa (La1, 2020) ilustra esta tendencia mediante una mirada disfórica sobre el tema, muy crítica con los postulados inasumibles del postfeminismo. Abstract: The representations of motherhood make up a complex and sometimes contradictory field of study, conditioned like few other areas of the social sphere by the political-ideological tendencies of each historical period. Since the 1990s, post-feminism has been appropriating some tenets of the feminist third wave to propose an idealized version of the good mother that combines, apparently without problems, the care of her children with her professional development. The figure resulting from this neoliberal model, of a naturalistic and essentialist nature, represents an unattainable horizon for the majority of working women. These imperfect mothers have found in the television thriller a fertile imaginary where they show the impossibility of the ideal motherhood. The series Néboa (La1, 2020) illustrates this trend through a dystopian view on the subject, very critical of the post-feminist imaginary.

Social Interaction: Communicative Approach

The article focuses on the study of requirements for communication in the social sphere and justification of their specificity in comparison with other types of verbal interaction. The relevance of the stated problem is determined by the significant influence of social communications on society and the dependence of public safety on the effectiveness of social interaction. The study aimed at identifying the types of violations of commonly known maxims in the social sphere and substantiating the specificity of requirements for social communicative interaction. Two main methods were used in the research: projecting and modeling. The well-known communication maxims were divided into two groups. The first group contains those that define the requirements for organizing the content of the message and are aimed at ensuring the fullness of its perception by the addressees. The second group includes maxims, which establish requirements for the moral climate of communication and the implementation of the principle of politeness. The data of interviews given by representatives of governmental bodies to journalists of certain TV channels and blogs, as well as the analysis of Internet news videos revealed the types of violations of the well-known maxims of communication in the social domain. The main ones are: ignoring the maxims of the second group in interviews and non-compliance with the maxims of the first group in news programs. It has been proved that the well-known maxims of communication need to be revised taking into account the conditions of social contact discourse. The specificity of maxims in social communicative interaction was substantiated.

FINANCING THE SOCIAL SERVICES OF UKRAINE AT THE PRESENT STAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF BALANCED DEVELOPMENT OF THE TERRITORIES

Annotation. Introduction. The article investigates the main problems in the field of social protection of the population in Ukraine that require an immediate solution. The theoretical approach to the financial support of the social sphere is considered. The reasons for the negative impact on the implementation of budget policy in the social protection system are investigated. The financing of social protection and social security, health and education from state and local budgets of Ukraine is analyzed. Changes in the system of social protection through the transformation of financing of the social protection system are determined. The purpose of the article. It is worth exploring the financial support of social services in Ukraine in recent years. It is also worth offering possible ways to counteract the underfunding of the social sphere from the budgets of different levels. Results. Formation of national social security in the system of public finance management should be carried out on the basis of the system of fiscal norms and to be focused; to ensure effective forms of supporting various social groups that require social protection; transition to cash provision of welfare; Personal assistance to the state is included in income of individuals and families. Taking into account that wages are still the main source of income in Ukraine, it is necessary to increase its share in income, paying special attention to minimal hourly remuneration. Conclusions. The main reason for the negative impact on the implementation of fiscal policy in the social security system is mainly reflected in the implementation of the budget expenditures approved by the state. In addition, during the research process, we have found that in the state budget of Ukraine, social security expenditures and social insurance funds have increased more than doubled over the past five years, indicating the lack of funds in this area.

Humanitarian and Technological Revolution: Assessment of the State of Readiness for the Transition to a New Technological Layout

In the context of the current heat of global hypercompetition for the future, technological and social transformations, the deployment of the digital economy, the scale of the penetration of artificial intelligence into all spheres of life, the formation of human-centered and other models of the economy, including the model of Society 5.0, One of the priority issues on the agenda is assessment of the state of readiness of the transition to a new technological order. In this context, the article defines the conceptual framework for monitoring the readiness of the transition to a new technological order. The main obstacles that impede the receipt of complete and comprehensive information about digital transformation in the economy and its effectiveness, the scale and consequences of the introduction of artificial intelligence and technologies of the sixth technological order in the economy and the social sphere are identified. The analysis of the current state of scientific and technological development for a number of indicators is presented.

Modeling the links between institutional and actual globalization in the countries of the world

The paper is devoted to modeling the links between the institutional and actual level of globalization in the countries of the world. Vector models of error correction, quantile regression, and a stochastic frontier model are considered. As a measure of globalization and its components, the KOF-index of globalization system is used, which allows us to analyze individual globalization processes in the economy, social sphere and politics. According to 2020 data, we determine the dynamic relations between the actual and institutional components of globalization, and the priority of the institutional component for informational and financial globalization is revealed. The example of financial globalization shows the uneven degree of influence of the institutional component on the actual globalization, in particular, its prevailing importance for less globalized countries, indicating the alignment of the degree of internationalization in the global financial system. The degree of effectiveness of the impact of institutional measures, together with the overall level of well-being on the actual financial globalization is analyzed. It is shown that the spread across the countries of the world in the efficiency indicator is almost 70%. Almost 10% of countries have a low efficiency of up to 50%. One third of the countries has average efficiency (50–75%). The share of countries with high efficiency over 75% is about 60%.

Methodological substantiation of the spheral approach to the training of specialists in the social sphere

The activities of specialists in the social sphere are aimed at creating conditions for the successful development of society as a whole and the welfare and prosperity of each of its members. At the same time, the quality of training of such specialists does not always correlate with the expected results. The reason for this discrepancy lies in the absence of a clearly expressed methodological strategy for training specialists in the social sphere. This article is devoted to the substantiation of the spheral approach to the training of specialists in the social sphere, which serves as a kind of methodological guideline, since the social sphere itself is a kind of springboard that launches this process. The study confirmed the assumption of the spheral approach as a global strategy, following which it is possible to predict with a certain accuracy the results aimed at transforming both the social sphere itself and the social institutions that make up it.

Independent assessment of the work quality of social organizations: evolution of the legislative and methodological frameworks

The article is focused on one of the public participation technologies within the scope of the state processes management an independent assessment of the work quality regarding institutions providing services in the social sphere. The author examines the process of changing the legislative norms governing the process of conducting an independent assessment. The main purpose of the analysis is to demonstrate how the understanding of the object, subject, methodology and methods are changing. The informational background for writing the article is domestic researchers data, as well as the authors own experience as the chairman of the public council for carrying out the independent assessment concerning the terms of service quality of the organizations referring to the social service (Ministry of Socio-Demographic and Social Policy of Samara Region), as well as the status of a representative of the organization-operator. Analyzing the key components of an independent assessment, the author describes the risks of reducing the data quality, expanding the practices of conducting work in a cost-cutting format by operating organizations, emasculating the contents from an independent assessment, and, as a result, the loss of significance related to public control technology.

Education in Post-Soviet Russia: Marketisation, Financialisation and Bureacratisation – The Case of Universities

Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, market relations and institutions have begun vigorously penetrating not only the fields of production and services, but also the social sphere. In this text, the author reveals the contradictions implicit in the transformations that over 30 years have occurred in post-Soviet Russia in the field of education and that have seen the total marketisation of this area. As an example, the article examines Russian universities. The process of marketisation of university education has taken the direct forms of the establishment of private universities and the introduction of paid tuition in state universities, and also of changes to the administrative structures of universities, to the content of instruction programmes, and to assessment of the quality of the education received by students as well as of the outcomes of the activity both of university teachers and of the institutions as a whole.

Opportunities for sustainable development of the Russian economy and social sphere through the use of carbon-free technologies

В данной статье рассматриваются актуальные вопросы перехода мировой и российской экономики на низкоуглеродные и безуглеродные технологии. Отмечается влияние стран и отраслей экономики на эмиссию парниковых газов. Приведены основные факторы парниковых газов в Российской экономике, крупные отрасли-эмитенты использования парниковых газов в энергетике горно-химического, нефтехимического производства, машиностроения и др., а также в отраслях сельского хозяйства. Определены основные угрозы для российской экономики в связи с переходом на низкоуглеродные и безуглеродные технологии. Подчеркивается значимость рынков стран и регионов для российских товаров, и как следствие потери для экономики страны с переходом стран – партнеров на сокращение выбросов углеводорода. В долгосрочной перспективе приводятся данные как отражение объемов непосредственных финансовых потерь российский компаний – экспортеров по отдельным отраслям в условиях реализации основных направлений развития безуглеродных технологий в стране. Богатая ресурсная база страны дает определенные преимущества. Одним из возможностей для российской экономики является учет и признание на мировом уровне поглощающей способности лесов. Отмечается необходимость разработки и реализации мероприятий по постепенному переходу на низкоуглеродные технологии в отраслях экономики. The article examines topical issues of the transition of the global and Russian economies to low-carbon and carbon-free technologies. The influence of countries and sectors of the economy on the emission of greenhouse gases is noted. The main factors of greenhouse gases in the Russian economy, large industries that emit greenhouse gases – energy, mining and chemical, petrochemical production, mechanical engineering, etc., as well as agriculture – were listed. The main threats to the Russian economy in connection with the transition to low-carbon and carbon-free technologies were identified. The importance of the markets of countries and regions for Russian goods and, as a consequence, losses for the country’s economy with the transition of partner countries to reducing hydrocarbon emissions is emphasized. It shows both the size of the direct financial losses of Russian exporting companies by industry and in the long term. The main directions for the development of carbon-free technologies in the country were determined, relying on a rich resource base, which gives Russia certain advantages. One of the opportunities for the Russian economy is the accounting and recognition at the world level of the absorbing capacity of forests. The need to develop and implement measures for the gradual transition to low-carbon technologies in the sectors of the economy is noted.

Social Networking in Adolescents: Time, Type and Motives of Using, Social Desirability and Communication Choices

The evolution of digital media in adolescents has changed the patterns and motives of use and the impact on their communication choices in their social and family networks. The objectives of this study are to understand how peers communicate adopting a social network (SN) or by voice and their social desirability. After the informant consent signature, the adolescents completed a series of self-report questionnaires on the use of SN, on communication preferences, and on social desirability through online. Most of the adolescents belonged to the 17-19 age group (83.6%) and were female (68.9%). Adolescents spent more than 3 hours/day on Whatsapp and more than 2 hours/day on Instagram, while the use of Facebook was on average only 35 minutes/day. Females used digital media for longer than males. Adolescents aged 17-19 years choose more Facebook and voice modes compared to adolescents aged 14 and 16 years. The alternative modes of Whatsapp and voice were chosen more than the social networks in their communication strategies, especially for negative topics. Motives for use were, in addition to boredom, related to maintaining one's social sphere with peers. Some educative considerations were made based on these results.