Environmental Injustice and Industrial Chicken Farming in Delaware

2021 ◽  
pp. 104829112110529
Author(s):  
Joseph Galarraga ◽  
Niya Khanjar ◽  
Isabelle Berman ◽  
Jonanthan Hall ◽  
Camryn Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
The State ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Hotspot Analysis ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Confined Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Potential disparities in the distribution of poultry CAFOs (confined animal feeding operations) and meat-processing facilities across Delaware were explored with regards to sociodemographic factors including race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. We conducted buffer analyses of CAFO host census tracts alongside sociodemographic data in order to explore populations in proximity to the Delaware chicken industry. We conducted a hotspot analysis of CAFOs to find areas with large concentrations of poultry operations and applied zero-inflation regression models to determine if there's a relationship between sociodemographic composition and number of CAFOs/meat- processing facilities in Delaware. Median household income was lower in CAFO host census tracts than all others, and also lower than the state median. A larger percentage of people living in poverty are in poultry CAFO hotspots (15.4 percent) compared to the state average (13.7 percent). Delaware's chicken industry disproportionately burdens low-wealth communities. Delaware policy-makers should employ environmental justice-oriented solutions to best serve impacted populations.

Ambient odour testing of concentrated animal feeding operations using field and laboratory olfactometers

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.D. Newby ◽  
M.A. McGinley
Keyword(s):  
Screening Tool ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Confined Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Odor Evaluation ◽  
Air Sample ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Odor Sample

The Missouri Air Conservation Commission regulations include regulations that limit the amount of acceptable odor from confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs). The regulations concerning odor designate the use of a scentometer as a screening tool. The rules dictate that if an odor is detectable by an investigator at a dilution ratio of 5.4 using a scentometer then an air sample should be collected and sent to an olfactometry laboratory for an odor panel to determine the detection threshold and the intensity of the odor sample. The detection thresholds are determined following ASTM E679-91 and EN13725. The intensity is determined following ASTM E544-99. If the olfactometry laboratory determined the detection threshold of the sample to be above seven, then the CAFO would be in violation. If the olfactometry laboratory determined the intensity level to be above a level equivalent to 225 ppm of n-butanol, then the source of odor would be in violation. The CAFO odor rules came under scrutiny by representatives of the largest hog producer in the State of Missouri. Specifically, they argued that the detection threshold limit of seven in the CAFO portion of the rule was too low for the rule to realistically identify a violation. This paper presents the results of a study to find the appropriate regulatory level of odor as determined by laboratory olfactometry. The study took place from November 2001 to October 2002. Samples were collected from field locations that exhibited odor produced by confined animal feeding operations and from areas exhibiting no apparent odor. The odors were categorized based upon the scentometer level at which the odors were detectable, and then samples were sent to an odor evaluation laboratory for analysis by olfactometry.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Treatment of Odorants and Pathogens Emitted from Confined Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) by Advanced Oxidation Technologies

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Koziel ◽  
Yael Laor ◽  
Jeffrey Zimmerman ◽  
Robert Armon ◽  
Steven Hoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Simultaneous Treatment ◽  
Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Confined Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Optimized Treatment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Sulfur Containing

A feasibility study was conducted, aiming to explore the potential effectiveness of UV/TiO2/O3 photooxidation technologies for simultaneous treatment of odorant and pathogen emissions from livestock and poultry operations. Several key parameters were tested in laboratory (US) and semi-pilot (Israel) scale conditions including: the effects of light energy dose (treatment time and light intensity), relative humidity and air temperature, UV wavelength, presence of photocatalyst (TiO2) and the presence of ozone. Removal and conversion of odor, target gases (sulfur-containing volatile organic compounds S-VOCs, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), phenolics, and ammonia), and airborne pathogens was tested. Up to 100% removal (below method detection level) of S-VOCs, VFAs, and phenolics, the overall odor, and up to 64.5% of ammonia was achieved with optimized treatment. Treatments involving deep UV band (185 nm) and photocatalyst (TiO2) were more efficient in removal/conversion of odorous gases and odor. The estimate of the operational cost of treatment was based on measured emissions of several odorous VOCs from full scale, commercial swine farm ranges from $0.15 to $0.59 per finisher pig. This figure represents significantly lower cost compared with the cost of biofiltration or air scrubbing.  

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