Egzekucja komornika sądowego w świecie wirtualnym

The bailiff is an enforcement authority closely related to the court at which he acts. Numerous amendments to the acts also have an impact on the Code of Civil Procedure (hereinafter: the Code of Civil Procedure). Large-scale enforcement has already changed before the global COVID-19 pandemic. The changes referred to in this article will concern the introduction of the bailiff to the virtual world in order to determine the debtor’s property and by enabling bailiff auctions via the internet. When access to the Internet became common in Poland, the bailiffs themselves counted on tearing them away from the already outdated regulations and introducing them into the 21st century. One of the first initiatives was the introduction of an auction portal by the National Council of Bailiffs. On this portal, bailiffs posted information from the auctions appointed, their announcements along with the basic description of the subject of the auction, conditions of the auction, payment of the bid security and the place and time of the auction. Thanks to the easy and fast-acting website, everyone who had access to the Internet no longer had to travel all over the country to find out what would be auctioned. Unfortunately, the regulations of that time did not allow electronic auctions. This article will present and describe the bailiff ’s entry into the virtual world not only in terms of auctions, but also the technical possibilities they have received over time and threats, but also paying attention to legal and technical shortcomings that prevent effective execution of cryptocurrencies and its threats.

Penegakan Hukum Terpadu Dalam Tindak Pidana Pemilihan Umum Legislatif Kota Makassar

Integrated Law Enforcement in criminal Action of Legislative General Election in Makassar City. The research aimed to investigate the law enforcement in following up the criminal action of the legislative general election, the factors influencing the effectiveness of the law enforcement of the criminal action of the legislative general election carried out by the law enforcement apparatus in Makassar City. The research was conducted in the General Election Supervising Board of South Sulawesi Province, Makassar City Resort Police, Office of the Counsel for the Prosecution of Makassar, District Court of Makassar City. Data were collected by an interview and documents related to the problems examined. The research result indicates that the law enforcement authority in handling the legal matters in the legislative general election, has been carried out in line with he mandate of the acts. However, the factors such as: the substance, structure, human resources, facilities, infrastructures and culture mostly influence the course of the law enforcement. Besides, there is also the dominant factor namely the evidence determination which is imposed on the general election supervisors, very short handling time, lack of community’s participation in supervising the legislative general election, so that the law enforcement in the legislative general election carried out by the law enforcement apparatus is less maximal.

Determinants, principles and perspectives of cooperation between the polish fi nancial supervision authority and the police in economic security and prevention of economic crime — a quest for synergies

The Polish Financial Supervision Authority (hereinafter: KNF) is the key element of the economic security system of the Polish State. By establishing the KNF, the Polish legislator applied the concept of integratedfi nancial supervision (covering bank supervision, insurance supervision and capital market supervision) located outside the central bank. The KNF has been vested with a broad mandate, including powers to supervise authorised entities. However, the scope and nature of measures available to the KNF in the prevention of economic crime are determined by the institutional position of the KNF, which has not been established as a law enforcement authority or a uniformed or special service but rather an institution engaged in the fi ght against economic crime by providing expertise, supporting other state services specialised in this area. The KNF and the Offi ce of the Polish Financial Supervision Authority (hereinafter: UKNF) actively support, among others, the police units that fi ght crime in the fi nancial market and work to increase the economic security of the Polish State. Therefore, it is imperative to ensure broad and effi cient cooperation between the police and the KNF. However, such collaboration must not be limited to relations between the institutions’ management; it should also involve, as far as possible, working and operational activities carried out at both institutions by individuals responsible for day-to-day tasks. This paper provides a closer perspective on the formal and organisational framework of said cooperation and discusses its examples.

Financial indebtedness and suicide: A 1-year follow-up study of a population registered at the Swedish Enforcement Authority

Background: Economic hardship is an established suicidogenic factor. However, very little is known about whether financial difficulties in terms of debt problems, specifically, is related to suicide. This would seem to be an important research gap, not least at a time when the repercussions of the global financial crisis are still being felt by many people. Aims: This study sets out to examine whether experiencing financial indebtedness is related to suicide. Methods: For this purpose, people aged between 18 and 64 with a registration date for a debt in the Swedish Enforcement Authority register between 2015 and 2017 ( n = 180,842) are followed up for a 1-year period for death by suicide and compared with a sample from the general Swedish population ( n = 928,265). The analysis is based on penalized maximum likelihood logistic regressions. Results: Those who had experienced financial indebtedness were two and a half times more likely to commit suicide than those who had not lived through this experience (OR = 2.50), controlling for several demographic, socio-economic, and mental health conditions prior to the date of the registration at the Enforcement Authority. Conclusion: Debt repayment problems have a significant and detrimental impact on individuals’ risk of committing suicide, even when several other socioeconomic risk factors are controlled for. The results reinforce the importance of ongoing attempts to remove the issue of debt problem from its status as a rather hidden suicidogenic risk factor.

Responsibility of the Captain in Transporting Goods at Sea

In the provisions of Article 137 Paragraph (1) and (2) Law no. 17/2008 both the Grosss Tonnage 35 and motor boats Motor boats are less than Gross Tonnage 35 as well as for boats traditionally less than the Gross Tonnage 105, I insist on the point states: The captain is the leader on the ship who owns law enforcement authority and are responsible for safety, security and order of ships, and cargo goods obligation. In another provision it is also stated that the master is the leader of the ship, who every certain event must take a stand and act in accordance with skill, precision and wisdom,as required to carry out their duties (Article 342 paragraph (1)KUHD). As the leader of the ship, the master must be responsible all his actions against the ship and its cargo in all events that happens in the sea. From that the legislators gave a burden responsibility to the master as regulated in Article 342 paragraph (2) KUHD, that is, if the action is committed in that position is intentional or negligent, which causes damage to other people.The breadth obligations given by law, in the implementationtransportation in terms of the responsibility of the Ship Leader / Master to safety, security and order of ships and sailors in essence boils down to the interests of the cargo as the agreed object which is the obligation of the carrier. The obligation that arises from its existence an agreement as intended gives birth to responsibilities implicitly it is the responsibility of the transportation company. The formulation of these provisions includes the extent of the obligations given by Constitution. If you listen to the process of organizing deep transportation regarding the responsibility of the Ship Leader / Master for safety, security and order of ships and sailors basically boils down to in the interest of cargo as the agreed object is the obligation of the carrier.

Features of Foreclosure on the Salary of a Citizen-Debtor

In the article on the level of theory, legislation and judicial practice are analyzed following contradiction: on the one hand, the bailiff as an enforcement authority the power conferred upon him by law functions (article 68, 98 of the Federal law N 229-FZ) is not entitled and obliged to foreclose on the debtor»s income; on the other hand, even when setting minimum retention percentage of such income remaining amount from the debtor of the earnings will be below the value required to maintain a minimum level of security. When foreclosing on such income, the rights of the debtor to maintain the necessary minimum of funds will be violated, and in the case of refusal to foreclose on income, the rights of the claimant, confirmed by a court act that has entered into force, will be violated.

The President and Immigration Law

This book challenges the myth that Congress—not the President—controls immigration law, dictating who may come to the United States, and who may stay, in a detailed and comprehensive legislative code. Drawing on a wide range of sources—rich historical materials, unique data on immigration enforcement, and insider accounts of the nation’s massive immigration bureaucracy—it reveals how the President has become our immigration policymaker-in-chief over the course of two centuries. From founding-era debates over the Alien and Sedition Acts, to Jimmy Carter’s intervention during the Mariel boatlift from Cuba, to the last two administrations’ reactions to Central American asylum seekers at the southern border, presidential crisis management has played an important role in this story. Far more foundational, however, has been the ordinary executive obligation to enforce the law. Over time, the power born of that duty has become the central vehicle for making immigration policy in the United States. In grappling with the implications of this power, the book also provides a blueprint for reform, one that accepts rather than laments the role the President plays in shaping the national community, while outlining strategies to curb the abuse of law enforcement authority in immigration and beyond.