Using Goffman’s Theories of Social Interaction to Reflect First-Time Mothers’ Experiences With the Social Norms of Infant Feeding

Abstract The notion of linguistic justice should be related to the concept of linguistic ease, by which we mean the full social and communicative freedom of concern of the speaker in a given social interaction involving the use of language(s) present in the society, according to the social norms of use. To acquire an acceptable degree of linguistic ease, the knowledge of at least one L2 is considered important. But the acquisition of a L2 is interfered by the previous linguistic skills of the learner/speaker who, in many cases, does not have a suitable competence even of the languages of the society in which he/she lives.

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Influences on infant feeding decisions of first-time mothers in five European countries

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1038/ejcn.2012.56 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 66 (8) ◽

pp. 914-919 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

H Gage ◽

P Williams ◽

J Von Rosen-Von Hoewel ◽

K Laitinen ◽

V Jakobik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infant Feeding ◽

European Countries ◽

First Time Mothers ◽

Infant Feeding Decisions ◽

First Time

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The novice birthing: theorising first-time mothers’ experiences of birth at home and in hospital in Australia

Midwifery ◽

10.1016/j.midw.2008.01.012 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 53-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Hannah G. Dahlen ◽

Lesley M. Barclay ◽

Caroline S.E. Homer

Keyword(s):

First Time Mothers ◽

First Time ◽

Mothers Experiences ◽

At Home

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Bumblebees ( Bombus terrestris ) use social information as an indicator of safety in dangerous environments

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2013.3174 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 281 (1785) ◽

pp. 20133174 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Erika H. Dawson ◽

Lars Chittka

Keyword(s):

Social Interaction ◽

Bombus Terrestris ◽

Social Information ◽

Past Experience ◽

Significant Preference ◽

The Social ◽

Good Signal ◽

Animal Faces ◽

First Time ◽

Plant Pollinator

Avoiding predation is one of the most important challenges that an animal faces. Several anti-predation behaviours can be employed, yet simply using the presence of conspecifics can be a good signal of safety in an environment with potential predation hazards. Here, we show, for the first time, that past experience of predation causes bumblebees ( Bombus terrestris ) to aggregate with conspecifics, facilitating the identification of safe foraging patches. Bees were trained to differentiate between flowers that harboured predators and flowers that were predator free. When test subjects were subsequently presented solely with the previously predator-infested flower species, there was a significant preference to only land on flowers occupied by other feeding conspecifics. Yet, when safe flowers were made available to subjects previously entrained to discriminate safe from predator-occupied flowers, subjects ignored other bees and the social information potentially provided by them, demonstrating that attraction towards conspecifics is confined to dangerous situations. Our findings demonstrate a previously unknown social interaction in pollinators which may have important implications for plant–pollinator interactions.

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