The Incremental Utility of Behavioral Rating Scales and a Structured Diagnostic Interview in the Assessment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Objectives.The present study was carried out aiming to identify the personality profile of parents of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).Methods.This study is of a descriptive, analytic, cross-sectional type in which parents of 6–12-year-old children with ADHD who were referred to the Bozorgmehr Psychiatric Clinic, affiliated with Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, were enrolled. ADHD was diagnosed according to the criteria of DSM-IV-TR and a quasi-structured diagnostic interview (K-SADS-PL). The personality profile of the parents was assessed with the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III).Results.According to the findings of this study, the most common personality problems based on the assessment scales in the MCMI-III belonged to the clinical patterns of depressive personality in 43 persons (25.3%), histrionic personality in 34 persons (20%), and compulsive personality in 29 persons (17.1%). According to discriminant analysis, four scales of somatoform, sadistic, dependence, and though disorder were direct and antisocial scale was reverse significant predictors of membership in the women group.Conclusion.According to the findings of this pilot study, personality disorders are prevalent in parents of ADHD children and mothers suffer from personality disorders more than fathers.

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Thyroid Hormone Status in Overweight Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Hormone Research in Paediatrics ◽

10.1159/000485620 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

pp. 150-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christian Langrock ◽

Johannes Hebebrand ◽

Katharina Radowksi ◽

Eckard Hamelmann ◽

Thomas Lücke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Migration Background ◽

Overweight Children ◽

Free Triiodothyronine ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder

Background: There is an ongoing discussion whether thyroid hormones are involved in the development and course of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Since obesity is associated with both higher thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free triiodothyronine (fT3) concentrations and increased rates of ADHD, we hypothesized that overweight children with ADHD show higher TSH and fT3 concentrations compared to overweight children without ADHD. Methods: TSH, fT3, fT4, and leptin levels were analyzed in 230 children (60.9% boys, 9.3 ± 1.7 years old, 35.7% migration background). The children were divided into four groups (I = 26 overweight children with ADHD, II = 56 normal-weight children with ADHD, III = 66 overweight children without ADHD, and IV = 82 normal-weight children without ADHD). Severity of ADHD was determined by the parent version of the Connors 3® rating scales. Results: Overweight children with ADHD did not differ significantly from overweight children without ADHD with respect to TSH, fT3, or fT4 concentrations. Comparing the thyroid hormones between the four groups also demonstrated no significant differences for TSH and fT4 concentrations. fT3 concentrations were significantly higher in normal-weight children with ADHD compared to normal-weight children without ADHD. Inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity scores were not significantly related to TSH or fT3 in multiple regression analyses adjusted for age, gender, and migration background. In these analyses, TSH was associated with BMI SDS (β coefficient 0.19 ± 0.12, p = 0.002) and leptin (exp[β coefficient] 1.87 ± 1.36, p < 0.001). fT3 (β coefficient 0.06 ± 0.05, p = 0.009) and leptin (exp[β coefficient] 1.17 ± 1.13, p = 0.009) were also associated with BMI SDS. Conclusions: Our findings confirm the relation between overweight and thyroid hormones but point against the hypothesis that thyroid hormones might link overweight and ADHD in children.

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Parent-reported attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and subtypes of conduct disorder as risk factor of recidivism in detained male adolescents

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.01.001 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 329-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

O. Colins ◽

R. Vermeiren ◽

P. Vahl ◽

M. Markus ◽

E. Broekaert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Conduct Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Criminal Recidivism ◽

Childhood Onset ◽

Male Adolescents ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Detention Centers

AbstractObjectiveParents are considered to be crucial informants in child psychiatry, particularly for disorders in which age of onset is included in the diagnostic criteria. In detained adolescents, however, parents all too often are difficult to reach or reluctant to cooperate. The clinical relevance of gathering parental information in this context should therefore be demonstrated. This study examines if parent reports of attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and age of onset subtypes of conduct disorder (CD) predict official criminal recidivism.MethodParticipants were 110 detained male adolescents from all three Youth Detention Centers in Flanders. Between January 2005 and February 2007, both youth and a parent were interviewed with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV. Two to 4years later, information on criminal recidivism was retrieved.ResultsYouth self-reported ADHD and CD (subtypes) were not related with recidivism. Parent-reported ADHD, CD and childhood-onset CD predicted serious property recidivism, while parent-reported adolescent-onset CD predicted future violent arrests. In reverse, childhood-onset CD as reported by parents was negatively associated with violent recidivism.ConclusionObtaining parental diagnostic information in delinquent adolescents is crucial for predicting recidivism. This finding emphasizes the need of including parents when studying mental disorder in detained adolescents.

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A Pilot Study: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Sensation Seeking, and Pubertal Changes

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/tsw.2006.129 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 637-642 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Catherine A. Martin ◽

Greg Guenthner ◽

Christopher Bingcang ◽

W. Jackson Smith ◽

Thomas Curry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Sensation Seeking ◽

Stimulant Medication ◽

Pubertal Development ◽

Tanner Stage ◽

Free Testosterone ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Oppositional Defiant

This study was designed to examine the relationship of pubertal changes and sensation seeking (SS) in adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Patients with current or past histories of uncomplicated stimulant medication use for ADHD between the ages of 11 and 15 (13 ± 1.5) were recruited from a Child Psychiatry and a General Pediatric Clinic. SS was measured using the SS Scale for Children. Pubertal development was measured using Tanner staging, free testosterone, and DHEAS. Subjects and their parent were interviewed with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC). SS total score was correlated with Tanner stage, free testosterone, and DHEAS (p≤ 0.01). The combined parent and child reports of symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorder from the DISC were inversely related to age (p≤ 0.05). Understanding SS in ADHD adolescents as they move through puberty will aid clinicians in monitoring ADHD adolescents and their trajectory into high-risk behaviors.

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Comparison of a standard psychiatric evaluation to rating scales and EEG in the differential diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Psychiatry Research ◽

10.1016/j.psychres.2006.04.015 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 152 (2-3) ◽

pp. 211-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Humberto Quintana ◽

Steven M. Snyder ◽

William Purnell ◽

Carolina Aponte ◽

Janis Sita

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Psychiatric Evaluation ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder

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Service use in children aged 6–8 years with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Archives of Disease in Childhood ◽

10.1136/archdischild-2015-309520 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 101 (2) ◽

pp. 161-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Daryl Efron ◽

Olga Moisuc ◽

Vicki McKenzie ◽

Emma Sciberras

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Service Use ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Professional Services ◽

Professional Service ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

The Family ◽

The Impact

ObjectiveThis study investigated prevalence, types and predictors of professional service use in families of children identified with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the community.DesignSetting: children with ADHD were identified through 43 schools using parent and teacher screening questionnaires (Conners 3 ADHD Index) followed by case confirmation using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV. Parents completed a survey about professional service use in the last 12 months. Main outcome measures: data on variables potentially associated with service use were collected from parents (interview and questionnaires), teachers (questionnaires) and children (direct assessment). Logistic regression was used to examine predictors of service use in univariate and multivariable analyses.ResultsThe sample comprised 179 children aged 6–8 years with ADHD. Over one-third (37%) had not received professional services in the last 12 months. The strongest predictors of service use were older child age (adjusted OR=3.0, 95% CI 1.0 to 8.9, p=0.05), and the degree to which the child's behaviour impacted on the family (adjusted OR=2.0, 95% CI 1.3 to 3.3, p=0.007), after controlling for ADHD subtype and severity, externalising comorbidities, academic achievement and parent-reported impairment.ConclusionsA substantial proportion of children with ADHD are not accessing professional services. Our findings suggest that the child's age and the impact of the child's behaviour on the family are the strongest predictors of service use. Given the demonstrated benefits from various interventions in ADHD, there is a need to improve case identification and referral for services.

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Review of Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate in Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Journal of Central Nervous System Disease ◽

10.1177/1179573517728090 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 117957351772809 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jadwiga Najib ◽

Dexter Wimer ◽

Julie Zeng ◽

Kristina W Lam ◽

Natalya Romanyak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

English Language ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Post Dose ◽

Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate ◽

Global Improvement ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Search Terms ◽

Long Acting

Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) is the first prodrug stimulant used for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) dosed once daily. Due to its long-acting properties, LDX remains pharmacologically inactive until an enzymatic process predominantly associated with red blood cells converts it to the active ingredient, d-amphetamine and the amino acid lysine. The efficacy of LDX over placebo has been demonstrated in several studies in adults with moderate to severe ADHD with significant improvements noted in ADHD rating scales, Clinical Global Improvement scores, and assessments of executive function, for all doses of LDX (30-70 mg daily). Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate has demonstrated efficacy at 14 hours post dose in adults and may be used as a long-acting stimulant for managing ADHD symptoms, which may extend late into the day. Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate has demonstrated a safety profile consistent with long-acting stimulants use. Relevant English language articles were identified through computerized searches of MEDLINE (PubMed and EMBASE) from 1995 to 2016 using the following search terms: lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, NRP104, and Vyvanse.

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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults

Advances in Psychiatric Treatment ◽

10.1192/apt.bp.107.003848 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 96-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Raguraman Janakiraman ◽

Tony Benning

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Clinical Interview ◽

Diagnostic Evaluation ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Complete Understanding ◽

Distinct Entity ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Clinical Presentations

SummaryAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an established diagnosis in children but there is a lack of agreement about its validity as a distinct entity in adults. Literature suggests that between one-third and two-thirds of children diagnosed with ADHD continue to manifest symptoms into adulthood. An adult diagnosis should be done on the basis of a thorough assessment, structured and semi-structured clinical interview, and with a complete understanding of the symptoms that manifest in adults. This may be supplemented by the use of rating scales. We present a review of the literature covering aetiology, clinical presentations, diagnostic evaluation and management of ADHD in adults.

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