scholarly journals Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raguraman Janakiraman ◽  
Tony Benning
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Clinical Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Evaluation ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Distinct Entity ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Clinical Presentations

SummaryAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an established diagnosis in children but there is a lack of agreement about its validity as a distinct entity in adults. Literature suggests that between one-third and two-thirds of children diagnosed with ADHD continue to manifest symptoms into adulthood. An adult diagnosis should be done on the basis of a thorough assessment, structured and semi-structured clinical interview, and with a complete understanding of the symptoms that manifest in adults. This may be supplemented by the use of rating scales. We present a review of the literature covering aetiology, clinical presentations, diagnostic evaluation and management of ADHD in adults.

Assessment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: An Evaluation of Six Published Rating Scales

2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Marie Angello ◽  
Robert J. Volpe ◽  
James C. DiPerna ◽  
Sammi P. Gureasko-Moore ◽  
David P. Gureasko-Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Medical Mimics and Differential Diagnosis in Adult ADHD

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (S15) ◽  
pp. 14-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Adult Patient ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Diagnostic Evaluation ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Rule Out

When performing a diagnostic evaluation for an adult patient with possible adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), clinicians must pay particular attention to possible mimics. ADHD mimics are conditions responsible for the symptoms or impairments that superficially resemble, and may be confused with ADHD. These mimics may produce symptoms and impairments similar to those seen in adults with ADHD, but differ in etiology, course, or response to treatment of ADHD. When evaluating someone for ADHD, clinicians should first rule out the possibility of medical, psychiatric, and social mimics of ADHD.

Thyroid Hormone Status in Overweight Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Langrock ◽  
Johannes Hebebrand ◽  
Katharina Radowksi ◽  
Eckard Hamelmann ◽  
Thomas Lücke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Migration Background ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Background: There is an ongoing discussion whether thyroid hormones are involved in the development and course of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Since obesity is associated with both higher thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free triiodothyronine (fT3) concentrations and increased rates of ADHD, we hypothesized that overweight children with ADHD show higher TSH and fT3 concentrations compared to overweight children without ADHD. Methods: TSH, fT3, fT4, and leptin levels were analyzed in 230 children (60.9% boys, 9.3 ± 1.7 years old, 35.7% migration background). The children were divided into four groups (I = 26 overweight children with ADHD, II = 56 normal-weight children with ADHD, III = 66 overweight children without ADHD, and IV = 82 normal-weight children without ADHD). Severity of ADHD was determined by the parent version of the Connors 3® rating scales. Results: Overweight children with ADHD did not differ significantly from overweight children without ADHD with respect to TSH, fT3, or fT4 concentrations. Comparing the thyroid hormones between the four groups also demonstrated no significant differences for TSH and fT4 concentrations. fT3 concentrations were significantly higher in normal-weight children with ADHD compared to normal-weight children without ADHD. Inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity scores were not significantly related to TSH or fT3 in multiple regression analyses adjusted for age, gender, and migration background. In these analyses, TSH was associated with BMI SDS (β coefficient 0.19 ± 0.12, p = 0.002) and leptin (exp[β coefficient] 1.87 ± 1.36, p < 0.001). fT3 (β coefficient 0.06 ± 0.05, p = 0.009) and leptin (exp[β coefficient] 1.17 ± 1.13, p = 0.009) were also associated with BMI SDS. Conclusions: Our findings confirm the relation between overweight and thyroid hormones but point against the hypothesis that thyroid hormones might link overweight and ADHD in children.

Early Development of Executive Function: A Problem-Solving Framework

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip David Zelazo ◽  
Alice Carter ◽  
J. Steven Reznick ◽  
Douglas Frye
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Executive function (EF) accounts have now been offered for several disorders with childhood onset (e.g., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism, early-treated phenylketonuria), and EF has been linked to the development of numerous abilities (e.g., attention, rule use, theory of mind). However, efforts to explain behavior in terms of EF have been hampered by an inadequate characterization of EF itself. What is the function that is accomplished by EF? The present analysis attempts to ground the construct of EF in an account of problem solving and thereby to integrate temporally and functionally distinct aspects of EF within a coherent framework. According to this problem-solving framework, EF is a macroconstruct that spans 4 phases of problem solving (representation, planning, execution, and evaluation). When analyzed into subfunctions, macroconstructs such as EF permit the integration of findings from disparate content domains, which are often studied in isolation from the broader context of reasoning and action. A review of the literature on the early development of EF reveals converging evidence for domain-general changes in all aspects of EF.

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