scholarly journals American Party Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany D. Barnes ◽  
Erin C. Cassese
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Republican Party ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Policy Attitudes ◽  
Joint Influence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Research on the gender gap in American politics has focused on average differences between male and female voters. This has led to an underdeveloped understanding of sources of heterogeneity among women and, in particular, a poor understanding of the political preferences of Republican women. We argue that although theories of ideological sorting suggest gender gaps should exist primarily between political parties, gender socialization theories contend that critical differences lie at the intersection of gender and party such that gender differences likely persist within political parties. Using survey data from the 2012 American National Election Study, we evaluate how party and gender intersect to shape policy attitudes. We find that gender differences in policy attitudes are more pronounced in the Republican Party than in the Democratic Party, with Republican women reporting significantly more moderate views than their male counterparts. Mediation analysis reveals that the gender gaps within the Republican Party are largely attributable to gender differences in beliefs about the appropriate scope of government and attitudes toward gender-based inequality. These results afford new insight into the joint influence of gender and partisanship on policy preferences and raise important questions about the quality of representation Republican women receive from their own party.

The Politics of Women's Rights: Parties, Positions, and Change. By Christina Wolbrecht. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000. 266p. $55.00 cloth, $17.95 paper.

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-222
Author(s):  
Kathleen Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Equal Rights Amendment ◽  
Women And Politics ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Princeton University ◽  
And Gender

When we talk about the gender gap, students in my Women and Politics course are always surprised to learn that men used to be more likely than women to support the Democratic Party and that Republicans were the original supporters of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). Many people forget, or are not familiar with, the significant party transformations on these issues over the last 50 years. Christina Wolbrecht's new book provides important insights into this transformation and is a valuable contribution. The study of political parties has not, to date, accounted for this phenomenon, and gender studies too often ignore the crucial role of political parties in our system.

American Party Women Redux: Stability in Partisan Gender Gaps

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Tiffany D. Barnes ◽  
Victoria D. Beall ◽  
Erin C. Cassese
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Salient Feature ◽  
Policy Preferences ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
National Election Study ◽  
2016 Election ◽  
American Elections ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
American Party

ABSTRACT Recent research in American politics demonstrates that despite gender-based partisan sorting, gender gaps in policy preferences persist within political parties—particularly among Republicans. Republican women report significantly more moderate views than their male counterparts across a range of policy areas. These gaps are largely attributable to gender differences in beliefs about the appropriate scope of government and attitudes toward gender-based inequality. Arguably, gender has become a more salient feature of American elections in recent years, and this heightened salience raises questions about whether these within-party gender gaps are stable over time or vary across campaign contexts. We use survey data from the 2012 and 2016 American National Election Study to evaluate whether gender gaps in policy preferences are stable across elections or if the 2016 election context affected the magnitude of gender differences in policy preferences. We find that gender gaps in policy preferences within political parties are fairly stable across the two electoral periods.

scholarly journals Custody and Care of Children in Spain: Can the Two Rights be Reconciled?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Jabbaz Churba
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Parental Authority ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Children’S Voices ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study aims to analyse the legal decision-making process in the Community of Valencia (Spain) regarding contentious divorces particularly with respect to parental authority (patria potestas), custody and visiting arrangements for children, and the opinions of mothers and fathers on the impact these judicial measures have had on their lives. It also considers the biases in these decisions produced by privileging the rights of the adults over those of the children. Three particular moments are studied: (1) the situation before the break-up, focusing on the invisible gender gap in care; (2) the judicial process, where we observe the impact of hidden gender-based violence and gender stereotypes; and (3) the situation post-decision, showing how any existing violence continues after divorce, by means of parental authority. The concept of ‘motherhood under threat’ is placed at the centre of these issues, where children’s voices are given the least attention.

scholarly journals Using Facebook Ad Data to Track the Global Digital Gender Gap

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoomali Fatehkia ◽  
Ridhi Kashyap ◽  
Ingmar Weber
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Mobile Access ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Official Data

Gender equality in access to the internet and mobile phones has become increasingly recognised as a development goal. Monitoring progress towards this goal however is challenging due to the limited availability of gender-disaggregated data, particularly in low-income countries. In this data sparse context, we examine the potential of a source of digital trace `big data' -- Facebook's advertisement audience estimates -- that provides aggregate data on Facebook users by demographic characteristics covering the platform's over 2 billion users to measure and `nowcast' digital gender gaps. We generate a unique country-level dataset combining `online' indicators of Facebook users by gender, age and device type, `offline' indicators related to a country's overall development and gender gaps, and official data on gender gaps in internet and mobile access where available. Using this dataset, we predict internet and mobile phone gender gaps from official data using online indicators, as well as online and offline indicators. We find that the online Facebook gender gap indicators are highly correlated with official statistics on internet and mobile phone gender gaps. For internet gender gaps, models using Facebook data do better than those using offline indicators alone. Models combining online and offline variables however have the highest predictive power. Our approach demonstrates the feasibility of using Facebook data for real-time tracking of digital gender gaps. It enables us to improve geographical coverage for an important development indicator, with the biggest gains made for low-income countries for which existing data are most limited.

Social Information and Gender Differences in Competitive Preferences

2021 ◽  
pp. 056943452110542
Author(s):  
Christopher Roby
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Addition Task ◽  
Payment Schemes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Winner Take All ◽  
Take All

This is an exploratory study that examines the effect of social information on gender differences in selection into a winner-take-all tournament, using a simple addition task. Participants perform this task in multiple rounds and then select into a competitive or non-competitive pay scheme. Prior to choosing payment schemes, participants are shown selected results about average performance and choices in a similar experiment. I find that the inclusion of social information eliminates any extant gender gap in competitive choices in every treatment. The reduction in the gender gap is not due to greater efficiency of choices by men or women, even though inefficient choices by low-performing individuals are mostly eliminated. Rather, the inclusion of feedback causes men and women to select into a competitive pay scheme in a similar manner, thereby removing the gender gap. Despite these results, the complexity of the social information intervention used leaves some results unexplained. JEL Codes: C9, J2, J16.

ICT Is Not Gender Blind

2016 ◽  
pp. 174-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adamkolo Mohammed Ibrahim ◽  
Mohammed Alhaji Adamu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Online Library ◽  
Developed World

This chapter critically reviewed literature on gender disparity associated with access and usage of ICT, focusing on the less developed world, especially Sub-Saharan Africa. The authors used relevant online literature sourced from research databases such as Google Scholar, Elsevier and Wiley Online Library. With the aid of graphical illustrations, the chapter aligned its argument with some critical global research findings regarding gender-based mobile phone and Internet usage and the concept of ICT and gender. The chapter concluded that ICT gender gap negatively affects the socio-economic development of women, and recommended that ICTs manufacturers should integrate gender-balanced software and hardware right at the time of production of the technologies.

2. A brief history of American political parties

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Sandy Maisel
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Republican Party ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Knowing How ◽  
Election Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Manifestation

‘A brief history of American political parties’ traces the development of US politics from the initial emergence of parties as the Founders differed on policies they believed served the nation's interests. The modern Democratic Party has transformed from its early manifestation as the Democratic-Republican Party, while the Republican Party was formed as a result of the division over slavery and eclipsed earlier parties, including the National Republicans and Whigs, as the major alternative to the Democrats. Despite party changes, the election process remains the same; it is still about organizing, understanding the rules and the voters, and knowing how to appeal to the voters most efficiently under the rules.

2. A brief history of American political parties

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Sandy Maisel
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Republican Party ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Manifestation

‘A brief history of American political parties’ traces the development of the modern political parties in the US from the initial emergence of parties as the Founders differed on policies they believed served the nation's best interests. The modern day Democratic Party has been transformed from its early manifestation as the Democratic-Republican Party, whilst the Republican Party was formed as a result of the division over the issue of slavery and eclipsed earlier parties such as the National Republicans and Whigs as the major alternative to the Democrats. The subsequent widening of the franchise impacted on the character of both parties.

scholarly journals Lucky to reach the top?

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 541-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Lundsgaard Ottsen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Middle Eastern Women ◽  
Low Expectations ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Middle Easterners

Purpose As organizations aim to become increasingly diverse, it is important to understand how perspectives of potential future leaders vary across culture and gender. This study aims to advance the understanding of the persistent gender gap in management. Design/methodology/approach Samples from the gender-segregated Qatar and the co-ed Denmark present a unique opportunity to investigate the potential effects of gender. Here, 115 Middle Easterners and 121 Scandinavians rated perceived importance of job-related skills, networking upward and serendipity in leadership acquisition. Findings Effects of gender showed that compared to men, women across cultures expected that serendipity has less to do with leadership acquisition. Middle Eastern women also showed low expectations regarding networking with people in powerful positions. Nevertheless, both genders showed conviction of meritocracy by rating job-related skills as the most important factor in leadership acquisition. Cross-culturally, Scandinavians presumed job-related skills to be more important than Middle Easterners. Research limitations/implications Despite meritocracy beliefs, it appears that gender differences in perceived possibility of leadership acquisition contribute to the gender gap in management. Scandinavian women relied more on networking than Middle Eastern women, but still lacked faith in serendipitous opportunities compared to male peers. Perceived luck enhances achievement motivation. If men rely more on luck than women, then they are more confident in succeeding and more ambitious about pursuit of leadership. Women’s lack of faith in serendipity might affect their career ambitions negatively even in societies emphasizing equality. Originality/value This is the first study that directly focuses on gender differences in perception of opportunities for leadership acquisition through serendipity.

scholarly journals Gender inequality and national gender gaps in overconfidence

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249459
Author(s):  
Hayk Amirkhanyan ◽  
Michał Wiktor Krawczyk ◽  
Maciej Wilamowski
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Large Dataset ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Weak Relationship ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

Using a large dataset of marathon runners, we estimate country- and gender-specific proxies for overconfidence. Subsequently, we correlate them with a number of indices, including various measures of gender equality. We find that in less gender-equal countries both males and females tend to be more self-confident than in more equal countries. While a substantial gender gap in overconfidence is observed, it only correlates with some sub-indices of gender equality. We conclude that there is likely a weak relationship between OC gender gap and gender inequality.

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