Initial Pull-Out Strength of Tendon Sutures: An In Vitro Study in Sheep Achilles Tendon

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1126-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yakup Yıldırım ◽  
Tanıl Esemenli
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Suture Material ◽  
Achilles Tendon Rupture ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Materials Testing ◽  
Suture Materials ◽  
Initial Strength ◽  
Pull Out

Forty-eight fresh frozen sheep achilles tendons were used to compare the pull-out strengths of Kessler, Bunnell and locking loop techniques which are the standard configurations described for Achilles tendon repair. A simulated Achilles tendon rupture was done with a tenotomy made 2 cm proximal to the calcaneal insertion. One of the configurations was placed at the distal end of the proximal portion of the tendon specimens using No. 5 Ticron. The distal ends of the suture materials were left free and were not used to connect the proximal and distal portions of the tendon. Using a servohydraulic materials testing machine, each tendon was tested to failure in tension at a displacement rate of 20 mm/min. All the specimens failed due to pull-out of the suture material. Since the cause of failure was suture material breakage in the previous studies reporting repair strength, they were unable to represent the effect of configuration on the strength. This study is the first to represent the effect of configuration on the initial strength since there is no failure due to suture material breakage.

Strength of Braided Polyblend Polyethylene Sutures versus Braided Polyester Sutures in Achilles Tendon Repair

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith D. Cook ◽  
Greg Clark ◽  
Eric Lui ◽  
Gaurav Vajaria ◽  
George F. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Suture Material ◽  
Tendon Repair ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Suture Technique ◽  
Materials Testing ◽  
Suture Materials ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Background: Various techniques may be used to repair Achilles tendon ruptures; however, we contend that using the strongest suture with the least amount of suture material is ideal. Methods: To compare the strength of 2-0 FiberLoop (Arthrex Inc, Naples, Florida) and #2 Ethibond (Ethicon Inc, Somerville, New Jersey) suture materials in Achilles tendon repairs, 12 Achilles tendons were harvested from cadavers aged 18 to 62 years (median age, 42 years). The tendons were transected and repaired using a modified Krackow suture technique. All of the right limbs were repaired with 2-0 FiberLoop, and the contralateral side was repaired with #2 Ethibond. The specimens were mounted to a materials testing system, and the repairs were pulled to failure in an anatomical direction. Results: The mean ± SD yield loads of 2-0 FiberLoop and #2 Ethibond were 233 ± 48 N and 134 ± 34 N, respectively (P = .002). The mean ± SD ultimate load of 2-0 FiberLoop was 282 ± 58 N, and that of #2 Ethibond was 135 ± 33 N (P < .001). The cross-sectional area of one pass of 2-0 FiberLoop was calculated to be 0.21 mm2, and one pass of #2 Ethibond was 0.28 mm2. Conclusions: The smaller-caliber 2-0 FiberLoop was significantly stronger than #2 Ethibond. This study suggests that there is no advantage to using the traditional larger suture material for Achilles tendon repairs; however, further clinical testing is needed to determine the optimal repair technique. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 100(3): 185–188, 2010)

Axial pull-out strength of 3.5 cortical and 4.0 cancellous bone screws placed in canine proximal tibias using manual and power tapping

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (04) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Soniat ◽  
S. Elder ◽  
R. McLaughlin ◽  
J. L. Demko
Keyword(s):  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Bone Screws ◽  
Materials Testing ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Cortical Width ◽  
Bone Width ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pull Out Strength

SummaryAn in vitro experimental cadaveric mechanical testing study was performed using 20 radiographically mature dogs, weighing between 18–33 kg. The aim of the study was to compare the axial pull-out strength of 3.5 mm cortical and 4.0 mm cancellous bone screws inserted in the canine proximal tibia using manual and power tapping techniques. 3.5 cortical and 4.0 cancellous bone screws were inserted in canine cadaver proximal tibiae using a manual or power tapping technique. The screws were extracted using a servohydraulic materials testing machine in order to measure axial pullout strength. Axial pull-out strength was recorded relative to the total bone width and total cortical width of each tibia. The mean axial pull-out strength for all constructs was 717.8±56.5 N without any statistically significant difference among groups (p=0.4183). The groups were equal in animal body weight, cortical width and total bone width (p=0.2808). The axial pull-out strength in proportion to cortical and total bone width was not significantly different among groups (p=0.5318). Axial pull-out strengths of 3.5 mm cortical and 4.0 mm cancellous bone screws inserted in the proximal tibial metaphysis were not significantly different. Axial pull-out strength was not affected by the use of power tapping in either screw type.

scholarly journals The Effect of Chlorhexidine and Listerine® Mouthwashes on the Tensile Strength of Selected Absorbable Sutures: An In Vitro Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alsarhan ◽  
Hourya Alnofaie ◽  
Rawan Ateeq ◽  
Ahmed Almahdy
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Suture Materials ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Absorbable Sutures

Background. Suturing plays a critical role in the healing of surgical wounds. The tensile strength of suture materials indicates the ability of the material to withstand stress during knotting and protect the wound during an extended period of healing. Objective. An in vitro study was conducted to determine the effect of two commercially available mouthwashes on the tensile strength and breakage mode of two absorbable intraoral sutures. Materials and Methods. Two common absorbable sutures, Vicryl® and Monocryl®, both with 4-0 and 5-0 gauges were used. A total of 400 specimens were sutured around rubber rods and immersed in three thermostatically controlled experimental conditions: artificial saliva, 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate (Parodontax® extra), and essential oils-based rinse (Listerine® Zero™), and these were compared to a nonimmersed dry condition. All specimens were stored in an incubator at 37°C. Tensile strengths were assessed after days 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14 of immersion using a universal Instron® testing machine. The maximum load for suture breakage and the location of the point of breakage were assessed. Results. Unlike Monocryl® 4-0, the tensile strength of both gauges of Vicryl® sutures significantly increased in chlorhexidine and Listerine®. There was a significant decrease in the strength for all suture types after day 10, regardless of the immersion solution. Listerine® significantly reduced the tensile strength of Monocryl® 5-0. Conclusion. Oral surgeons and periodontists should be cautious when prescribing commercial mouthwashes for patients relative to their selection of suture materials. However, further studies are needed to understand the molecular changes in sutures when exposed to chemical solutions found in mouthwashes.

The Strength of Achilles Tendon Repair: An In Vitro Study of the Biomechanical Behavior in Human Cadaver Tendons

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Watson ◽  
Kenneth A. Jurist ◽  
King H. Yang ◽  
Kun-Ling Shen
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Tendon Repair ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Initial Strength ◽  
Biomechanical Behavior ◽  
Achilles Tendon Repair ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Tendon Ruptures

Eighteen fresh frozen human Achilles tendons were used to test the ultimate strength of repaired tendon “ruptures.” Three methods, the Kessler, the Bunnell, and the locking loop, were used to test the initial strength of Achilles tendon repair. The Kessler and Bunnell methods are current standard clinical configurations described for Achilles tendon repair. Under uniform and standardized laboratory conditions, the specimens were loaded to failure. The locking loop suture method was substantially stronger than either of the other two standard configurations. The latter two did not differ significantly from each other. The results of this study may be clinically relevant in terms of the choice of the repair method for surgically treated Achilles tendon ruptures.

scholarly journals TA Rupture Assessment Analysis – are Our "GOLD-Standards“ of Tendon Repair Valid?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Frunz ◽  
Markus Knupp ◽  
Beat Goepfert ◽  
Lukas Iselin
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Operative Treatment ◽  
Suture Material ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Tendon Repair ◽  
Suture Technique ◽  
Achilles Tendon Repair ◽  
Rupture Pattern

Abstract Background: Current studies showed that operative treatment has advantages in comparison to conservative treatment for acute Achilles tendon ruptures. The gold standard therapy in our clinic is the operative treatment with the four strand Adelaide suture. The goal of this study is to evaluate which suture material (a) B Braun; MonoMax, b) Ethicon; PDS CTX) is more appropriate for Achilles tendon suture.Methods: Ten pairs of fresh frozen Achilles tendons were obtained from human donors aged 41 – 85. The tendons were fixed on a testing machine and loaded until failure. The goal of this setup was to create a natural rupture pattern. The ruptured tendons were sutured either with BB or PDS and again loaded until failure.The failure mode in all sutured tendons was a pullout of the suture material through the tendon fibres.Results: The ruptures occurred on different locations. The maximal forces in the sutured tendons occurring at the rupture were for the BB-suture between 144 N and 232 N (Mean 197 (SD 67) N) and for the PDS-suture between 158 N and 226 N (Mean 194(SD 70) N). The failure mode in all sutured tendons was a pullout of the suture material through the tendon fibres.Conclusion: Due to the failure mode we are not able to evaluate which suture material is better to use for the Achilles tendon repair with the Adelaide suture. Either the Adelaide suture is not an appropriate suture technique for Achilles tendon repair or the natural rupture pattern has in comparison to the in vitro rupture patterns constructed by sharp dissection a bigger influence on the pullout strength of suture techniques than we thought. This would mean that probably the data from most in vitro studies are not applicable for daily life.

scholarly journals Comparison of Fracture Resistance in Thermal and Self-Curing Acrylic Resins—An In Vitro Study

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1234
Author(s):  
António Sérgio Silva ◽  
Aurora Carvalho ◽  
Pedro Barreiros ◽  
Juliana de Sá ◽  
Carlos Aroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Thermosetting Resins ◽  
Acrylic Resins ◽  
The Difference

Thermal and self-curing acrylic resins are frequently and versatilely used in dental medicine since they are biocompatible, have no flavor or odor, have satisfactory thermal qualities and polishing capacity, and are easy and fast. Thus, given their widespread use, their fracture resistance behavior is especially important. In this research work, we comparatively analyzed the fracture resistance capacity of thermo and self-curing acrylic resins in vitro. Materials and Methods: Five prosthesis bases were created for each of the following acrylic resins: Lucitone®, ProBase®, and Megacryl®, which were submitted to different forces through the use of the CS® Dental Testing Machine, usually mobilized in the context of fatigue tests. To this end, a point was defined in the center of the anterior edge of the aforementioned acrylic resin bases, for which the peak tended until a fracture occurred. Thermosetting resins were, on average, more resistant to fracture than self-curable resins, although the difference was not statistically significant. The thermosetting resins of the Lucitone® and Probase® brands demonstrated behavior that was more resistant to fracture than the self-curing homologues, although the difference was not statistically significant. Thermosetting resins tended to be, on average, more resistant to fracture and exhibited the maximum values for impact strength, compressive strength, tensile strength, hardness, and dimensional accuracy than self-curing resins, regardless of brand.

scholarly journals The effect of frog pressure and downward vertical load on hoof wall weight-bearing and third phalanx displacement in the horse - an in vitro study : research communication

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Olivier ◽  
J. Wannenburg ◽  
R.D. Gottschalk ◽  
M.J. Van der Linde ◽  
H.T. Groeneveld
Keyword(s):  
Solar Surface ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Tensile Testing Machine

A shoe was designed to combine the advantages of a reverse shoe and an adjustable heart bar shoe in the treatment of chronic laminitis. This reverse even frog pressure (REFP) shoe applies pressure uniformly over a large area of the frog solar surface. Pressure is applied vertically upward parallel to the solar surface of the frog and can be increased or decreased as required. Five clinically healthy horses were humanely euthanased and their dismem-bered forelimbs used in an in vitro study. Frog pressure was measured by strain gauges applied to the ground surface of the carrying tab portion of the shoe. A linear variable distance transducer (LVDT) was inserted into a hole drilled in the dorsal hoof wall. The LVDT measured movement of the third phalanx (P3) in a dorsopalmar plane relative to the dorsal hoof wall. The vertical component of hoof wall compression was measured by means of unidirectional strain gauges attached to the toe, quarter and heel of the medial hoof wall of each specimen. The entire limb was mounted vertically in a tensile testing machine and submitted to vertical downward compressive forces of 0 to 2500 Nat a rate of 5 cm/minute. The effects of increasing frog pressure on hoof wall weight-bearing and third phalanx movement within the hoof were determined. Each specimen was tested with the shoe under the following conditions: zero frog pressure; frog pressure used to treat clinical cases of chronic laminitis (7 N-cm); frog pressure clinically painful to the horse as determined prior to euthanasia; frog pressure just alleviating this pain. The specimens were also tested after shoe removal. Total weight-bearing on the hoof wall at zero frog pressure was used as the basis for comparison. Pain-causing and pain-alleviating frog pressures decreased total weight-bearing on the hoof wall (P < 0.05). Frog pressure of 7 N-cm had no statistically significant effect on hoof wall weight-bearing although there was a trend for it to decrease as load increased. Before loading, the pain-causing and pain-alleviating frog pressures resulted in a palmar movement of P3 relative to the dorsal hoof wall compared to the position of P3 at zero frog pressure (P < 0.05). This difference remained statistically significant up to 1300 Nload. At higher loads, the position of P3 did not differ significantly for the different frog pressures applied. It is concluded that increased frog pressure using the REFP shoe decreases total hoof wall weight-bearing and causes palmar movement of P3 at low weight-bearing loads. Without a shoe the toe and quarter hoof wall compression remained more constant and less in magnitude, than with a shoe.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Fiber Post Bonding To Root Dentin after Different Obturation Techniques and Cementation Timings: In Vitro Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1707-1711
Author(s):  
Rami M. Atia ◽  
Nada Omar ◽  
Haidy Nabil ◽  
Yousra Aly
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽  
Root Dentin ◽  
Push Out

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the effect of obturation technique and cementation timings on the bonding of fibre-reinforced posts to the root canal walls. METHODS: Twenty extracted teeth were randomly allocated to two groups according to the obturation technique and cementation timing. Central incisors with single canals were used after being decoronated. Every extracted tooth of the {vertical compaction group} (VC) group (n = 10) had been obturated using the {E & Q plus obturation system} with posts cemented in the same day; The other (CO) conventional group (n = 10) teeth were obturated using the conventional lateral compaction technique and posts cemented after one week. “SF“ Fiber posts were used after bonding and cementation using Rely X ARC resin cement with all the endodontically treated teeth. The push-out test was performed in a universal testing machine. Data were analysed by 2 way analysis of variance with Statistical significance was set to 0.05. RESULTS: Heat softened gutta percha group showed more push out the bond strength of the bonded posts than the conventional obturation group (p < 0.05). In the middle region, there was no statistical significance between the two groups while there was significance in the coronal and apical thirds. CONCLUSION: The vertical compaction technique and early cementation improved the bond strength of the resin posts in comparison to the conventional obturation technique with late cementation.

scholarly journals An in vitro comparison of the force decay generated by different commercially available elastomeric chains and NiTi closed coil springs

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Soares Santos ◽  
André Tortamano ◽  
Sandra Regina Frazatto Naccarato ◽  
Gladys Cristina Dominguez-Rodriguez ◽  
Julio Wilson Vigorito
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Original Length ◽  
Force Decay ◽  
Decay Pattern ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Initial Force ◽  
Elastomeric Chains

This in vitro study was designed to compare the forces generated by commercially available elastomeric chains and NiTi closed coil springs, and to determine their force decay pattern. Forty elastomeric chains and forty NiTi closed coil springs were divided into 4 groups according to the following manufacturers: (1) Morelli®, (2) Abzil®, (3) TP Orthodontics® and (4) American Orthodontics®. The specimens were extended to twice their original length and stored in artificial saliva at 37°C. Initial force was measured by means of an Instron universal testing machine and then at 1, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The results revealed that the elastomeric chains delivered a mean initial force of 347 g for Morelli®, 351 g for American Orthodontics®, 402 g for Abzil®, and 404 g for TP Orthodontics®. The NiTi closed coil springs generated a mean initial force of 196 g for American Orthodontics®, 208 g for TP Orthodontics®, 216 g for Abzil®, and 223 g for Morelli®. The mean percentage of force decay observed after 28 days for the elastomeric chains was 37.4% for TP Orthodontics®, 48.1% for American Orthodontics®, 65.4% for Morelli®, and 71.6% for Abzil®. After 28 days, the NiTi closed coil springs presented a mean percentage of force decay of 22.6% for American Orthodontics®, 29.8% for Abzil®, 30.6% for Morelli®, and 45.8% for TP Orthodontics®. At the end of the study, significant differences were observed between the elastomeric chains and the NiTi closed coil springs. The results indicated that the studied NiTi closed coil springs are more adequate for dental movement than the elastomeric chains.

scholarly journals Shear Bond Strength of Different Adhesive Materials used for Bonding Orthodontic Brackets : A Comparative in vitro Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Muzin Shahi Shaik ◽  
Snigdha Pattanaik ◽  
Sudhakar Pathuri ◽  
Arunachalam Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Test Group ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Adhesive Materials

Introduction: Bond strength is an important property and determines the amount of force delivered and treatment duration in orthodontics. Many light-cured bonding materials are being used; but it is required to determine the most efficient one withdesired bond strength. Objective: To determine and compare the shear bond strength of three visible light-cured composites (Transbond XT, Heliositand Enlight) and two self-cured composites (Rely-a-bond and Concise). Materials & Method: 100 extracted premolars were collected and randomly divided into 5 test groups of different adhesives. Brackets were bonded to the teeth in each test group with the respective adhesive according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Each specimen was debonded using Universal Testing Machine and the shear bond strength for each specimen was calculated. All the groups were compared by ANOVA one-way test. Results: There were statistically significant differences among the five groups (P<0.05). The shear bond strength of Enlight (13.92 ± 3.92) is similar to Transbond XT (14.30 ± 4.35). Conclusion: Light cure composites showed higher bond strength than self cure composites.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document