biomechanical behavior
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Diagnostics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Marta Mirando ◽  
Corrado Conti ◽  
Federica Zeni ◽  
Fabio Pedicini ◽  
Antonio Nardone ◽  
...  

(1) Background: Ankle fracture results in pain, swelling, stiffness and strength reduction, leading to an altered biomechanical behavior of the joint during the gait cycle. Nevertheless, a common pattern of kinematic alterations has still not been defined. To this end, we analyzed the literature on instrumental gait assessment after ankle fracture, and its correlation with evaluator-based and patient-reported outcome measures. (2) Methods: We conducted a systematic search, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines, of articles published from January 2000 to June 2021 in PubMed, Embase and PEDro on instrumental gait assessment after ankle fracture. (3) Results: Several changes in gait occur after ankle fracture, including a reduction in step length, swing time, single support time, stride length, cadence, speed and an earlier foot-off time in the affected side. Additionally, trunk movement symmetry (especially vertical) is significantly reduced after ankle fracture. The instrumental assessments correlate with different clinical outcome measures. (4) Conclusions: Instrumental gait assessment can provide an objective characterization of the gait alterations after ankle fracture. Such assessment is important not only in clinical practice to assess patients’ performance but also in clinical research as a reference point to evaluate existing or new rehabilitative interventions.


Author(s):  
ZHENGSHAN ZHAO ◽  
WENJUAN YAO ◽  
JIAKUN WANG ◽  
LEI ZHOU ◽  
XINSHENG HUANG

It is difficult to measure the cochlea directly because of the ethical problems and the complexity of cochlear structure. Therefore, finite element model (FEM) can be used as an effective alternative research method. An accurate FEM of the human ear can not only help people understand the mechanisms of sound transmission, but also effectively assess the effects of otologic diseases and guide research on the treatment of hearing loss. In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) FEM of the human normal cochlea is proposed to study the changes in the biomechanical behavior of the cochlear sensory structure caused by the anterior fissure sclerosis and bottom-turn and apex-turn ossification of the cochlear window. The degree and harm of hearing loss caused by diseases are quantitatively predicted, which can deepen the understanding of the biomechanical mechanism of cochlea, and provide theoretical basis for clinical medicine.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Les Kalman ◽  
Amanda Maria de Oliveira Dal Piva ◽  
Talita Suelen de Queiroz ◽  
João Paulo Mendes Tribst

Background: Orofacial injuries are common occurrences during contact sports activities. However, there is an absence of data regarding the performance of hybrid occlusal splint mouthguards (HMG), especially during compressive loading. This study amid to evaluate the biomechanical effects of wearing a conventional custom mouthguard (MG) or the HMG on the teeth, bone, and the device itself. Methods: To evaluate the total deformation and stress concentration, a skull model was selected and duplicated to receive two different designs of mouthguard device: one model received a MG with 4-mm thickness and the other received a novel HMG with the same thickness. Both models were subdivided into finite elements. The frictionless contacts were used, and a nonlinear analysis was performed simulating the compressive loading in occlusion. Results: The results were presented in von-Mises stress maps (MPa) and total deformation (mm). A higher stress concentration in teeth was observed for the model with the conventional MG, while the HMG design displayed a promising mechanical response with lower stress magnitude. The HMG design displayed a higher magnitude of stress on its occlusal portion (7.05 MPa) than the MG design (6.19 MPa). Conclusion: The hybrid mouthguard (HMG) reduced (1) jaw displacement during chewing and (2) the generated stresses in maxillary and mandibular teeth.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-97
Author(s):  
Veronika T. Szabó ◽  
Balázs Szabó ◽  
Tamás Tarjányi ◽  
Eszter Szőke-Trenyik ◽  
Balázs P. Szabó ◽  
...  

Periodontitis is one of the most common conditions affecting oral health among adults, posing a great challenge for both patients and also for dentists aiming to treat this disease. In severe stages such deterioration of the supporting tissues, namely the periodontal ligaments and the bone, can occur, which will affect the biomechanical behavior and therefore the longevity and survival of the affected teeth. In order to be able to plan both periodontal and subsequent restorative treatment properly, valid modelling of the current clinical situation is advised. The aim of the present article is to comprehensively discuss possible analog and digital modeling methods of periodontally affected teeth and the periodontal structures surrounding them. Modelling possibilities can serve later as the basis of mechanical load, digital finite element studies, and also aid clinical treatment planning.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Nasim ◽  
Popular Pandey ◽  
Rosemeire M. Kanashiro-Takeuchi ◽  
Jin He ◽  
Joshua D. Hutcheson ◽  
...  

The aortic valve (AoV) maintains unidirectional blood distribution from the left ventricle of the heart to the aorta for systemic circulation. The AoV leaflets rely on a precise extracellular matrix microarchitecture of collagen, elastin, and proteoglycans for appropriate biomechanical performance. We have previously demonstrated a relationship between the presence of pigment in the mouse AoV with elastic fiber patterning using multiphoton imaging. Here, we extended those findings using wholemount confocal microscopy revealing that elastic fibers were diminished in the AoV of hypopigmented mice (KitWv and albino) and were disorganized in the AoV of K5-Edn3 transgenic hyperpigmented mice when compared to wild type C57BL/6J mice. We further used atomic force microscopy to measure stiffness differences in the wholemount AoV leaflets of mice with different levels of pigmentation. We show that AoV leaflets of K5-Edn3 had overall higher stiffness (4.42 ± 0.35 kPa) when compared to those from KitWv (2.22 ± 0.21 kPa), albino (2.45 ± 0.16 kPa), and C57BL/6J (3.0 ± 0.16 kPa) mice. Despite the striking elastic fiber phenotype and noted stiffness differences, adult mutant mice were found to have no overt cardiac differences as measured by echocardiography. Our results indicate that pigmentation, but not melanocytes, is required for proper elastic fiber organization in the mouse AoV and dictates its biomechanical properties.


Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1366
Author(s):  
Athanasios Triantafyllou ◽  
Georgios Papagiannis ◽  
Vasileios S. Nikolaou ◽  
Panayiotis J. Papagelopoulos ◽  
George C. Babis

In vitro measurements are widely used to implement gait kinematic and kinetic parameters to predict THA wear rate. Clinical tests of materials and designs are crucial to prove the accuracy and validate such measurements. This research aimed to examine the effect of CoC and CoXLPE kinematics and kinetics on wear during gait, the essential functional activity of humans, by comparing in vivo data to in vitro results. Our study hypothesis was that both implants would present the same hip joint kinematics and kinetics during gait. In total, 127 unilateral primary cementless total hip arthroplasties were included in the research. There were no statistically significant differences observed at mean peak abduction, flexion, and extension moments and THA kinematics between the two groups. THA gait kinematics and kinetics are crucial biomechanical inputs associated with implant wear. In vitro studies report less wear in CoC than CoXLPE when tested in a matched gait kinematic protocol. Our findings confirm that both implants behave identically in terms of kinematics in a clinical environment, thus strengthening CoC advantage in in vitro results. Correlated to all other significant factors that affect THA wear, it could address in a complete prism the wear on CoC and CoXLPE.


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