scholarly journals Hierarchical Task Analysis for Driving under Divided Attention

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1744-1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaonan Yang ◽  
Jung Hyup Kim ◽  
Roland Nazareth
Keyword(s):  
Divided Attention ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Hierarchical Task Analysis ◽  
Driving Behaviors ◽  
Driving Scenario ◽  
Assistance Systems

Although researchers have made various models of driving behavior, the behavior model under divided attention is not well studied. In this paper, the driver’s behavior differences under divided-attention were studied in a simulated driving environment. A driving scenario was developed to simulate hazards on the highway in dynamic driving conditions. Based on crash and non-crash cases through eye tracking videos from the experiment, Hierarchical task analysis (HTA) was conducted, and decomposed different complex driving behaviors into drivers’ perception, cognition, and decision. Also, their reaction times were compared by using the cognitive-perceptual model in GOMS. Through this study, different driving behaviors and corresponding cognitive factors, which contributed to a slower reaction were identified. The results from this study could be as a valuable input to develop advanced driver assistance systems which could provide smart collision warnings based on the driver’s attention.

Instrumented Steering Wheel: Accurate Experimental Characterisation of the Forces Exerted by the Driver Hands for Future Advanced Driver Assistance Systems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Comolli ◽  
Federico M. Ballo ◽  
Massimiliano Gobbi ◽  
Gianpiero Mastinu
Keyword(s):  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Plate Test ◽  
Driving Behaviors ◽  
Load Cells ◽  
Assistance Systems ◽  
Lateral Disturbance ◽  
Experimental Characterisation

The interaction between driver and vehicle is analyzed in the paper. The driver acts on the steering wheel to modify the trajectory and to control the vehicle during panic situations. The knowledge of the forces exerted by the driver at the steering wheel is useful for a better understanding of the driver steering action. The final aim is to inspire the development of haptic steering wheels for better tuning of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). An instrumented steering wheel has been used, which includes two six axis load cells to measure the forces and the moments exerted by the driver hands and six sensors used to measure the grip strength. Two maneuvers have been considered, a moderate speed turn and a kick plate test which simulates a panic situation with an impulsive lateral disturbance. For both of the two considered situations, some common driving behaviors have been highlighted and analyzed. The preliminary results encourage the development of haptic instrumented steering wheels, able to improve ADAS. Actually it seems possible to infer the driver steering purpose before the steering wheel is actually rotated.

scholarly journals Advanced Driver Assistant Systems Focused on Pedestrians’ Safety: A User Experience Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4264
Author(s):  
Matúš Šucha ◽  
Ralf Risser ◽  
Kristýna Honzíčková
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Expert Interviews ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Assistant Systems ◽  
Vehicle Technology ◽  
Assistance Systems ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Near Future

Globally, pedestrians represent 23% of all road deaths. Many solutions to protect pedestrians are proposed; in this paper, we focus on technical solutions of the ADAS–Advanced Driver Assistance Systems–type. Concerning the interaction between drivers and pedestrians, we want to have a closer look at two aspects: how to protect pedestrians with the help of vehicle technology, and how pedestrians–but also car drivers–perceive and accept such technology. The aim of the present study was to analyze and describe the experiences, needs, and preferences of pedestrians–and drivers–in connection with ADAS, or in other words, how ADAS should work in such a way that it would protect pedestrians and make walking more relaxed. Moreover, we interviewed experts in the field in order to check if, in the near future, the needs and preferences of pedestrians and drivers can be met by new generations of ADAS. A combination of different methods, specifically, an original questionnaire, on-the-spot interviewing, and expert interviews, was used to collect data. The qualitative data was analyzed using qualitative text analysis (clustering and categorization). The questionnaire for drivers was answered by a total of 70 respondents, while a total of 60 pedestrians agreed to complete questionnaires concerning pedestrian safety. Expert interviews (five interviews) were conducted by means of personal interviews, approximately one hour in duration. We conclude that systems to protect pedestrians–to avoid collisions of cars with pedestrians–are considered useful by all groups, though with somewhat different implications. With respect to the features of such systems, the considerations are very heterogeneous, and experimentation is needed in order to develop optimal systems, but a decisive argument put forward by some of the experts is that autonomous vehicles will have to be programmed extremely defensively. Given this argument, we conclude that we will need more discussion concerning typical interaction situations in order to find solutions that allow traffic to work both smoothly and safely.

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