Relationship between Motion Sickness and Accuracy of Vestibulo-ocular Reflex

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 765-769
Author(s):  
Hikaru Sato ◽  
Yuki Sato ◽  
Takahiro Wada
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Head Movement ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Relationship

The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is the reflexive eye movement occurring in the opposite direction of head movement to stabilize the visual image during head movement. We hypothesize that there exists a correlation between motion sickness and the accuracy of VOR because motion sickness and VOR are thought to be related to the head movement signals estimated in the central nervous system. The first purpose of the present research is to investigate the relationship between motion sickness and VOR accuracy using a mathematical model, which simultaneously describes motion sickness and VOR. The result of numerical simulation experiments shows a strong negative correlation between VOR accuracy and the severity of motion sickness. The second purpose is to investigate the relationship between motion sickness and VOR accuracy by experiments on humans. The result shows moderate negative correlations between the VOR accuracy and the severity of motion sickness among participants.

Modelization of Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR) and Motion Sickness Prediction

ICANN ’94 ◽  
1994 ◽  
pp. 106-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zupan ◽  
J. Droulez ◽  
C. Darlot ◽  
P. Denise ◽  
A. Maruani
Keyword(s):  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex

A vestibulo-ocular reflex with no head movement

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Paulin ◽  
J. C. Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Head Movement ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex

Comparison of Horizontal and Vertical Dynamic Visual Acuity in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction and Nonvestibular Dizziness

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 236-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Roberts ◽  
Richard E. Gans
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Head Movement ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Vestibular Dysfunction ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Dynamic Visual Acuity ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
Horizontal Head

Blurred vision with head movement is a common symptom reported by patients with vestibular dysfunction affecting the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). Impaired VOR can be measured by comparing visual acuity in which there is no head movement to visual acuity obtained with head movement. A previous study demonstrated that dynamic visual acuity (DVA) testing using vertical head movement revealed deficits in impaired VOR. There is evidence that horizontal head movement is more sensitive to impaired VOR. The objective of this investigation was to compare horizontal and vertical DVA in participants with normal vestibular function (NVF), impaired vestibular function (IVF), and participants with nonvestibular dizziness (NVD). Participants performed the visual acuity task in a baseline condition with no movement and also in two dynamic conditions, horizontal head movement and vertical head movement. Horizontal DVA was twice as sensitive to impaired VOR than vertical DVA. Results suggest that horizontal volitional head movement should be incorporated into tasks measuring functional deficits of impaired VOR. Una visión borrosa con los movimientos de la cabeza es un síntoma común reportado por los pacientes con una disfunción vestibular que afecta el reflejo vestíbulo-ocular (VOR). La alteración en el VOR puede ser medida comparando la aguda visual no acompañada de movimientos de la cabeza, con la aguda visual obtenida con movimientos cefálicos. Un estudio previo demostró que la prueba de aguda visual dinámica (DVA) usando movimiento vertical de la cabeza revelaba deficiencias relacionados con un VOR alterado. Existe evidencia que el movimiento cefálico horizontal es más sensible a un VOR alterado. El objetivo de esta investigación fue comparar el DVA horizontal y vertical en participantes con funcional vestibular normal (NVF), con función vestibular alterada (IVF) y en sujetos con mareo no vestibular (NVD). Los participantes realizaron sus tareas de agudeza visual en una condición basal, sin movimiento, y también en dos condiciones dinámicas, con movimientos de cabeza horizontales y verticales. El DVA horizontal fue dos veces más sensible a un VOR alterado que el DVA vertical. Los resultados sugieren que los movimientos volitivos horizontales de la cabeza deben incorporarse en las tareas que midan deficiencias funcionales con un VOR alterado.

scholarly journals Beyond the vestibulo-ocular reflex: Vestibular input is processed centrally to achieve visual stability

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin S. Dalmaijer
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Clinical Neurophysiology ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Ocular Torsion ◽  
Visual Stability ◽  
Vestibular Input ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe current study presents a re-analysis of data from Zink et al. (1998, Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 107), who administered galvanic vestibular stimulation through unipolar direct current. They placed electrodes on each mastoid, and applied both right and left anodal stimulation. Ocular torsion and visual tilt were measured under different stimulation intensities. New modelling introduced here demonstrates that directly proportional linear models fit reasonably well to the relationship between vestibular input and visual tilt, but not to that between vestibular input and ocular torsion. Instead, an exponential model characterised by a decreasing slope and an asymptote fitted best. These results demonstrate that in the results presented by Zink et al., ocular torsion could not completely account for visual tilt. This suggests that vestibular input is processed centrally to stabilise vision when ocular torsion is insufficient. Potential mechanisms and seemingly conflicting literature are discussed.

Eye-head coordination in darkness: Formulation and testing of a mathematical model

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 79-91
Author(s):  
Stefano Ramat ◽  
Roberto Schmid ◽  
Daniela Zambarbieri
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Vestibular System ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Head Rotation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Vestibular Nystagmus ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Head Displacement ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex

Passive head rotation in darkness produces vestibular nystagmus, consisting of slow and quick phases. The vestibulo-ocular reflex produces the slow phases, in the compensatory direction, while the fast phases, in the same direction as head rotation, are of saccadic origin. We have investigated how the saccadic components of the ocular motor responses evoked by active head rotation in darkness are generated, assuming the only available sensory information is that provided by the vestibular system. We recorded the eye and head movements of nine normal subjects during active head rotation in darkness. Subjects were instructed to rotate their heads in a sinusoidal-like manner and to focus their attention on producing a smooth head rotation. We found that the desired eye position signal provided to the saccadic mechanism by the vestibular system may be modeled as a linear combination of head velocity and head displacement information. Here we present a mathematical model for the generation of both the slow and quick phases of vestibular nystagmus based on our findings. Simulations of this model accurately fit experimental data recorded from subjects.

Adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, subjective tilt, and motion sickness to head movements during short-radius centrifugation

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
Laurence R. Young ◽  
Kathleen H. Sienko ◽  
Lisette E. Lyne ◽  
Heiko Hecht ◽  
Alan Natapoff
Keyword(s):  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
Angular Velocities

Head movements made while the whole body is rotating at unusually high angular velocities (here with supine body position about an earth-vertical axis) result in inappropriate eye movements, sensory illusions, disorientation, and frequently motion sickness. We investigated the acquisition and retention of sensory adaptation to cross-coupled components of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) by asking eight subjects to make headturns while being rotated at 23 rpm on two consecutive days, and again a week later. The dependent measures were inappropriate vertical VOR, subjective tilt, and motion sickness in response to 90° yaw out-of-plane head movements. Motion sickness was evaluated during and following exposure to rotation. Significant adaptation effects were found for the slow phase velocity of vertical nystagmus, the reported magnitude of the subjective tilt experienced during head turns, and motion-sickness scores. Retention of adaptation over a six-day rest period without rotation occurred, but was not complete for all measures. Adaptation of VOR was fully maintained while subjective tilt was only partially maintained and motion-sickness scores continued to decrease. Practical implications of these findings are discussed with particular emphasis on artificial gravity, which could be produced in weightlessness by means of a short-radius (2 m) rotator.

Visual-Vestibular Interaction in Humans During Active and Passive, Vertical Head Movement1

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-114
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Demer ◽  
John G. Oas ◽  
Robert W. Baloh
Keyword(s):  
Head Movement ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Normal Vision ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Gain Enhancement ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Sinusoidal Motion ◽  
Visual Vestibular Interaction ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex

We studied visual-vestibular interaction (VVI) in 9 normal human subjects using active and passive vertical head rotations. Gain and phase of the vertical vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and visually enhanced vestibulo-ocular reflex (VVOR) were measured for single frequency sinusoidal motion, as well as for sinusoidal motion of continuously increasing frequency, over the range of 0.4 to 4.0 Hz. In addition to measurement of VVOR during normal vision, telescopic spectacles having a magnification of 1.9× were used to challenge VVI to facilitate measurement of visual enhancement of VOR gain. In the mid-frequency range (1.6 to 2.4 Hz), the active VOR exhibited gain closer to compensatory than did the passive VOR; at other frequencies, active and passive VOR gains were similar. VVOR gain during normal vision was compensatory for both active and passive motion throughout the frequency range tested. VVOR gain with 1.9× telescopic spectacles was greater than VOR gain at all frequencies tested, including up to 3.2 Hz for passive bead movements, and up to 4.0 Hz for active head movement. However, gain enhancement with telescopic spectacles was consistently greater during active than during passive head movement. Phase errors for the VOR and VVOR were small under all testing conditions. Although active VOR and VVOR were directionally symmetrical, gain of upward slow phases differed from that of downward slow phases for passive VOR and VVOR in a manner depending on rotational frequency. For both active and passive testing, gain and phase values obtained during swept frequency rotations were similar to those obtained during single frequency sinusoidal testing. These data indicate that VVI can enhance gain of the passive vertical VOR even at frequencies above what is usually considered to be the upper limit of visual pursuit tracking. The additional enhancement observed during active bead movements at these high frequences is attributable to use of efference copy of the skeletal motor command to neck musculature.

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