Leveling Up: Using the Tracer Method to Address Training Needs for Esports Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1780-1784
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn M. Roose ◽  
Elizabeth S. Veinott
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Training Needs ◽  
Uncertainty Management ◽  
Tracer Method ◽  
Decision Method ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Competitive Game ◽  
New Information ◽  
Transitional Probabilities ◽  
Acquisition Of Expertise

This paper describes a new method, the Tracer Method, that maps multiple types of decision-making activities to visual search behaviors to improve the acquisition of expertise. The method combines Critical Decision Method (CDM) with eye tracking to identify expert strategies for performance in interface-based tasks. The Tracer Method uses a network analysis of eye movement data, contingent on the critical decisions, to produce new information that neither method alone can generate. Twenty-five experienced Over-watch players were eye-tracked while playing a competitive game, followed by a CDM interview. Three types of decisions: sensemaking, uncertainty management, and coordination resulted in different eye-movement network diagrams of transitional probabilities. These different strategies can inform Esport team training. Although we demonstrate the usefulness of the Tracer Method in an Esports context, the method could apply in other human factors domains.

Eye Movements during Geometrical Problem Solving

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 138-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Epelboim ◽  
P Suppes
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Verbal Protocols ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
New Information ◽  
Problem Solvers ◽  
Simple Features ◽  
Probabilistic Nature

Diagrams are used extensively in posing and solving geometry problems. It is likely that strategies that good problem-solvers have developed for looking at diagrams reflect their reasoning about each problem. This suggested that the eye-movement patterns of geometry experts, observed while they solve problems posed with diagrams, are likely to contain new information about their reasoning. Eye-movement data, collected while subjects solved geometry problems posed as diagrams, were examined. Three subjects participated. Two of the subjects (‘experts’) were skilled at solving geometry problems. The third subject (‘non-expert’) had last solved such problems over 50 years prior to the experiment, and did not know how to proceed on most of the problems. The eye-movement pattern reflected cognitive operations used to solve each problem. Fixation durations depended, to some extent, on cognitive or perceptual processing of features at each gaze location. For example, fixations were longer when gaze was on the angle in question, than when gaze was on other angles or line-segments. Likewise, saccades were made to features that were being considered, as indicated by verbal protocols. Expert subjects combined simple features into more complex, imaginary structures, as was required to solve the problem. They scanned the areas of the diagram that fell within the imagined contours of these structures. The non-expert did not construct such structures. He only scanned visible features of the diagram. Variability in durations of fixations and landing positions of saccades was not due solely to the probabilistic nature of the oculomotor processes. Such processes, however, clearly play an important role in determining the eye-movement pattern in this task, as they do in other visually-guided tasks.

Age Differences in Eye Movements During Reading: Degenerative Problems or Compensatory Strategy?

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-311
Author(s):  
José David Moreno ◽  
José A. León ◽  
Lorena A. M. Arnal ◽  
Juan Botella
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Sentence Reading ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Eye Movements During Reading

Abstract. We report the results of a meta-analysis of 22 experiments comparing the eye movement data obtained from young ( Mage = 21 years) and old ( Mage = 73 years) readers. The data included six eye movement measures (mean gaze duration, mean fixation duration, total sentence reading time, mean number of fixations, mean number of regressions, and mean length of progressive saccade eye movements). Estimates were obtained of the typified mean difference, d, between the age groups in all six measures. The results showed positive combined effect size estimates in favor of the young adult group (between 0.54 and 3.66 in all measures), although the difference for the mean number of fixations was not significant. Young adults make in a systematic way, shorter gazes, fewer regressions, and shorter saccadic movements during reading than older adults, and they also read faster. The meta-analysis results confirm statistically the most common patterns observed in previous research; therefore, eye movements seem to be a useful tool to measure behavioral changes due to the aging process. Moreover, these results do not allow us to discard either of the two main hypotheses assessed for explaining the observed aging effects, namely neural degenerative problems and the adoption of compensatory strategies.

Do Successor Effects in Reading Reflect Parafoveal Processing? Evidence From Corpus-Based and Experimental Eye Movement Data

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Angele ◽  
Elizabeth R. Schotter ◽  
Timothy Slattery ◽  
Tara L. Chaloukian ◽  
Klinton Bicknell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Parafoveal Processing ◽  
Movement Data

Challenges in Interpretability of Neural Networks for Eye Movement Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayush Kumar ◽  
Prantik Howlader ◽  
Rafael Garcia ◽  
Daniel Weiskopf ◽  
Klaus Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Movement Data

scholarly journals Saliency-Based Gaze Visualization for Eye Movement Analysis

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5178
Author(s):  
Sangbong Yoo ◽  
Seongmin Jeong ◽  
Seokyeon Kim ◽  
Yun Jang
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Saliency Map ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Visual Clues ◽  
Human Visual Attention

Gaze movement and visual stimuli have been utilized to analyze human visual attention intuitively. Gaze behavior studies mainly show statistical analyses of eye movements and human visual attention. During these analyses, eye movement data and the saliency map are presented to the analysts as separate views or merged views. However, the analysts become frustrated when they need to memorize all of the separate views or when the eye movements obscure the saliency map in the merged views. Therefore, it is not easy to analyze how visual stimuli affect gaze movements since existing techniques focus excessively on the eye movement data. In this paper, we propose a novel visualization technique for analyzing gaze behavior using saliency features as visual clues to express the visual attention of an observer. The visual clues that represent visual attention are analyzed to reveal which saliency features are prominent for the visual stimulus analysis. We visualize the gaze data with the saliency features to interpret the visual attention. We analyze the gaze behavior with the proposed visualization to evaluate that our approach to embedding saliency features within the visualization supports us to understand the visual attention of an observer.

The “Orienting Reflex” as an Input Indicator in “Subliminal” Perception

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Phillip Kleespies ◽  
Morton Wiener
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Exposure Duration ◽  
Visual Input ◽  
Orienting Reflex ◽  
Subliminal Perception ◽  
Thematic Content ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Input Indicator

This study explored (1) for evidence of visual input at so-called “subliminal” exposure durations, and (2) whether the response, if any, was a function of the thematic content of the stimulus. Thematic content (threatening versus non-threatening) and stimulus structure (angular versus curved) were varied independently under “subliminal,” “part-cue,” and “identification” exposure conditions. With Ss' reports and the frequency and latency of first eye movements (“orienting reflex”) as input indicators, there was no evidence of input differences which are a function of thematic content at any exposure duration, and the “report” data were consistent with the eye-movement data.

scholarly journals Detection of developmental dyslexia with machine learning using eye movement data

Array ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 100087
Author(s):  
Peter Raatikainen ◽  
Jarkko Hautala ◽  
Otto Loberg ◽  
Tommi Kärkkäinen ◽  
Paavo Leppänen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Movement Data

scholarly journals Numerical Analysis on Color Preference and Visual Comfort from Eye Tracking Technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ming-Chung Ho ◽  
Jhih-Ming Chen ◽  
Ray-Ying Huang ◽  
Ming-Hsun Shen ◽  
Ming-Chi Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Color Preference ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Feeling ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Color Preferences ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Color Assignment

Color preferences in engineering are very important, and there exists relationship between color preference and visual comfort. In this study, there are thirty university students who participated in the experiment, supplemented by pre- and posttest questionnaires, which lasted about an hour. The main purpose of this study is to explore the visual effects of different color assignment with subjective color preferences via eye tracking technology. Eye-movement data through a nonlinear analysis detect slight differences in color preferences and visual comfort, suggesting effective physiological indicators as extensive future research discussed. Results found that the average pupil size of eye-movement indicators can effectively reflect the differences of color preferences and visual comfort. This study more confirmed that the subjective feeling will make people have misjudgment.

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