Convergent and Predictive Validity of the Jesness Inventory in a Sample of Juvenile Offenders

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 865-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Olver ◽  
Keira C. Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Forensic Assessment ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Case Formulation ◽  
Clinical Scales ◽  
Risk Need Responsivity ◽  
Level I ◽  
Interpersonal Maturity

The present study examined the convergent and predictive validity of the Jesness Inventories (JI) in a sample of 138 juvenile offenders, completed in the course of routine service delivery. JI profiles were compared with ratings on three standardized forensic clinical scales: the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory, Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version, and Violence Risk Scale–Youth Version. The JI Asocial Index and the Undersocialized Active and Group-Oriented Conformist Interpersonal Maturity Level (I-level) subtypes demonstrated the strongest pattern of convergence and most consistently predicted recidivism. The Asocial Index did not incrementally predict recidivism after controlling for scores on the standardized forensic clinical scales; however, meaningful differences among broad I-Level groups (I-3 and I-4) remained after controlling for risk. Risk-need-responsivity applications of the JI (i.e., in terms of treatment dosage, identifying treatment targets, and adaptation of services) are discussed within the context of a comprehensive forensic assessment framework to inform case formulation, service delivery, and decision making with justice involved youth.

Developing an autism specific framework for forensic case formulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Shine ◽  
Samantha Cooper-Evans
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Pervasive Developmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Forensic Assessment ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Case Formulation ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Effective Assessment

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to outline the initial development of a framework to assist in clinical case formulation for individuals diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) who have been convicted of violent and other offences. Design/methodology/approach The proposed framework obtains information on the presence of ASD features from an individual’s developmental history, index offence and offence paralleling behaviours. Through obtaining information across these three domains the framework helps the practitioner make an informed assessment of the possible contribution of ASD to offending. Findings The framework aims to assist the practitioner to develop a clinical formulation based on hypothesised linkages between these domains for use in forensic assessment reports and to aid treatment planning. The use of the proposed framework is illustrated through a reference formulation based on a fictive case example. Research limitations/implications The framework is still in the early stages of development and has not been tested. The next stage is to utilise case information data to assess the validity of the items. This does not preclude the use of the framework by practitioners as an aid to generating clinical hypotheses about the possible link between autism and offending as the development of the tool has been informed by research on ASD and offending. Practical implications The framework may be used in conjunction with structured professional judgement tools. For example, the recently published third version of the HCR-20 includes pervasive developmental disorders as a historical risk item. This possible relevance of this item in terms of forensic risk could be presented using information obtained from the framework outlined in this paper. This in turn could be used to inform the formulation section of the HCR-20 and in the generation of treatment plans. In the longer term, the framework may help inform our understanding of possible relationships between violence risk and ASD and therefore aid effective assessment and treatment planning. Social implications In the longer term, the framework may help inform our understanding of possible relationships between violence risk and ASD and therefore aid effective assessment and treatment planning. Originality/value Although there is an emergent body of research on ASD and offending this has not yet been translated into a tool to help practitioners. This paper sets out an approach to do this and therefore makes an original contribution to the literature.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment in Juvenile and Young Adult Offenders: Predictive Validity of the SAVRY and SAPROF-YV

Assessment ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 107319112095974
Author(s):  
Anneke T. H. Kleeven ◽  
Michiel de Vries Robbé ◽  
Eva A. Mulder ◽  
Arne Popma
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Risk Assessment Tools ◽  
Dutch Sample

Most juvenile risk assessment tools heavily rely on a risk-focused approach. Less attention has been devoted to protective factors. This study examines the predictive validity of protective factors in addition to risk factors, and developmental differences in psychometric properties of juvenile risk assessment. For a national Dutch sample of 354 juvenile and young adult offenders (16-26 years) risk and protective factors were retrospectively assessed at discharge from seven juvenile justice institutions, using the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY) and Structured Assessment of Protective Factors for violence risk – Youth Version (SAPROF-YV). Results show moderate validity for both tools predicting general, violent, and nonviolent offending at different follow-up times. The SAPROF-YV provided incremental predictive validity over the SAVRY, and predictive validity was stronger for younger offenders. Evidently both the SAVRY and SAPROF-YV seem valid tools for the assessment of recidivism risk in juvenile and young adult offenders. Results highlight the importance of protective factors, especially in juvenile offenders, emphasizing the need for a balanced risk assessment.

Risk-Need-Responsivity Meets Mental Health: Implementation Challenges in Probation Case Planning

2021 ◽  
pp. 009385482110084
Author(s):  
Gina M. Vincent ◽  
Rachael T. Perrault ◽  
Dara C. Drawbridge ◽  
Gretchen O. Landry ◽  
Thomas Grisso
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Probation Officers ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Implementation Challenges ◽  
Implementation Effort ◽  
Case Planning ◽  
Risk Need Responsivity

This study examined the feasibility of and fidelity to risk/needs assessment, mental health screening, and risk-need-responsivity (RNR)-based case planning within juvenile probation in two states. The researcher-guided implementation effort included the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument-2 (MAYSI-2), Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY), and policies to prioritize criminogenic needs while using mental health services only when warranted. Data from 53 probation officers (POs) and 553 youths indicated three of five offices had high fidelity to administration and case planning policies. The interrater reliability ( n = 85; intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC][A, 1] = .92 [Northern state] and .80 [Southern state]) and predictive validity ( n = 455; Exp[B] = 1.83) of SAVRY risk ratings were significant. There was an overreliance on mental health services; 48% of youth received these referrals when only 20% screened as having mental health needs. Barriers to fidelity to RNR practices in some offices included assessments not being conducted before disposition, lack of service availability, and limited buy-in from a few stakeholders.

Correctional Rehabilitation and Human Functioning: An Embodied, Embedded, and Enactive Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Harry Dent
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Treatment Utility ◽  
Enactive Approach ◽  
Human Functioning ◽  
The World ◽  
Correctional Rehabilitation ◽  
Risk Need Responsivity ◽  
Level I ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Adaptive Relationship

<p>In order for correctional rehabilitation practices to be maximally effective, they should be grounded in well-developed psychological theory about the causes, development, and nature of crime. This thesis argues that these theories of crime should be based in an underlying perspective of human functioning, or how people work at a fundamental level. I argue that this level of theory has been neglected in theories of crime, as demonstrated through an evaluation of the Risk-Need-Responsivity model of rehabilitation, which currently stands as the most popular and widely used rehabilitation framework throughout much of the world. This perspective is understood to implicitly present a view of functioning which is reward-oriented, multifactorial, norm-based, and modular, resulting in limited explanatory value and diminished treatment efficacy. I then suggest an alternative model of functioning as being embodied, embedded, and enactive (3e). 3e places an emphasis on the individual as an embodied whole, in an adaptive relationship with their physical and social environment. 3e prioritises the affective experience and agency of the individual, with a commitment to viewing the person as a functional whole drawing on comprehensive multilevel explanations. I outline how this perspective could be used to inform the explanation of crime, before applying the model to an exemplar to demonstrate the potential treatment utility of a 3e approach to correctional rehabilitation, as opposed to an RNR approach.</p>

Predictive validity of the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY) among a sample of Asian Canadian youth on probation.

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 485-501
Author(s):  
Shanna M. Y. Li ◽  
Jodi L. Viljoen ◽  
Aisha K. Christiansen ◽  
Nicole M. Muir
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Canadian Youth

Predictive validity of the structured assessment of violence risk in youth: A 4-year follow-up

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Gammelgård ◽  
Anna-Maija Koivisto ◽  
Markku Eronen ◽  
Riittakerttu Kaltiala-Heino
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Violence Risk

Assessment and Modification of General Criminal Attitudes Among Men Who Have Sexually Offended

2020 ◽  
pp. 009385482092584
Author(s):  
Mark E. Olver ◽  
Keira C. Stockdale ◽  
David J. Simourd
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Forensic Assessment ◽  
Baseline Risk ◽  
Sexual Offense ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Violent Recidivism ◽  
Incarcerated Men ◽  
Risk Need Responsivity ◽  
Sexually Offended ◽  
Pretreatment Score

General criminal attitudes have been well established as a dynamic risk factor for the origin, maintenance, and continuation of criminal behavior. Guided by the risk–need–responsivity (RNR) framework, this study examined self-reported change on a measure of general criminal attitudes in a sample of incarcerated men who participated in a sexual offense treatment program. Participants were administered the original version of the Criminal Sentiments Scale (CSS) and other measures at pretreatment and posttreatment and followed up in the community an average 14 years post-release. The results demonstrated that CSS total and subscale scores predicted general and violent recidivism, showed convergence with actuarial measures of criminogenic need, and had clinically meaningful associations with responsivity considerations. Pre–post changes on the CSS were associated with decreased general and violent recidivism controlling for pretreatment score and baseline risk. Implications for forensic assessment and correctional intervention are discussed.

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