Psychometric Evaluation of the Personal Feelings Questionnaire–2 (PFQ-2) Shame Subscale Among Spanish-Speaking Female Sex Workers in Mexico

Shame may increase HIV risk among stigmatized populations. The Personal Feelings Questionnaire–2 (PFQ-2) measures shame, but has not been validated in Spanish-speaking or nonclinical stigmatized populations disproportionately affected by HIV in resource-limited settings. We examined the psychometric properties of the Spanish-translated PFQ-2 shame subscale among female sex workers in two Mexico–U.S. border cities. From 2016 to 2017, 602 HIV-negative female sex workers in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez participated in an efficacy trial evaluating a behavior change maintenance intervention. Interviewer-administered surveys collected information on shame (10-item PFQ-2 subscale), psychosocial factors, and sociodemographics. Item performance, confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency, differential item functioning by city, and concurrent validity were assessed. Response options were collapsed to 3-point responses to improve item performance, and one misfit item was removed. The revised 9-item shame subscale supported a single construct and had good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .86). Notable differential item functioning was found but resulted in a negligible effect on overall scores. Correlations between the revised shame subscale and guilt ( r = .79, p < .01), depression ( r = .69, p < .01), and emotional support ( r = −.28, p < .01) supported concurrent validity. The revised PFQ-2 shame subscale showed good reliability and concurrent validity in our sample, and should be explored in other stigmatized populations.

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Correction of Differentially Functioning Items: Basis for Maintaining and Enhancing Test Validity and Reliability

World Journal of Educational Research ◽

10.22158/wjer.v4n1p62 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 62

Author(s):

Jose Q. Pedrajita

Keyword(s):

Differential Item Functioning ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Private School ◽

Content Validity ◽

Test Scores ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Test Validity ◽

Internal Consistency Reliability ◽

School Type ◽

Item Functioning

This study looked into differentially functioning items in a Chemistry Achievement Test. It also examined the effect of eliminating differentially functioning items on the content and concurrent validity, and internal consistency reliability of the test. Test scores of two hundred junior high school students matched on school type were subjected to Differential Item Functioning (DIF) analysis. One hundred students came from a public school, while the other 100 were private school examinees. The descriptive-comparative research design utilizing differential item functioning analysis and validity and reliability analysis was employed. The Chi-Square, Distractor Response Analysis, Logistic Regression, and the Mantel-Haenszel Statistic were the methods used in the DIF analysis. A six-point scale ranging from inadequate to adequate was used to assess the content validity of the test. Pearson r was used in the concurrent validity analysis. The KR-20 formula was used for estimating the internal consistency reliability of the test. The findings revealed the presence of differentially functioning items between the public and private school examinees. The DIF methods differed in the number of differentially functioning items identified. However, there was a high degree of correspondence between the Logistic Regression and Mantel-Haenszel Statistic. After the elimination of the differentially functioning items, the content and the concurrent validity, and the internal consistency reliability differed per DIF method used. The content validity of the test differed ranging from slightly adequate to moderately adequate in the number of items retained. The concurrent validity of the test also differed but all were positive and indicate moderate relationship between the examinees’ test scores and their GPA in Science III. Likewise, the internal consistency reliability of the test differed. The more differentially functioning items eliminated, the lesser was the content and concurrent validity, and internal consistency reliability of the test becomes. Elimination of differentially functioning items diminishes content and concurrent validity, and internal consistency reliability, but could be use as basis in enhancing content, concurrent as well as internal consistency reliability by replacing eliminated DIF items.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Evaluation of hygienic douching on the vaginal microflora of female sex workers.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1097218.553227 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Steven Witkin

Keyword(s):

Sex Workers ◽

Female Sex Workers ◽

Female Sex ◽

Vaginal Microflora

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To See the Efficacy of Behavioral Interventions on Consistent Condom Use Among Female Sex Workers in Lahore, Pakistan

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2441684 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Mahmooda Aftab

Keyword(s):

Condom Use ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Behavioral Interventions ◽

Female Sex Workers ◽

Consistent Condom ◽

Consistent Condom Use ◽

Female Sex

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Beyond the Brothels: A Qualitative Study of the Destitute Female Sex Workers of Central Delhi Red Light Area

10.21523/gcj5.17010103 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 26-36

Author(s):

Anushree Nagpal ◽

Atiqua Tajdar ◽

Masood Ahsan Siddiqui ◽

Mohammad Hassan ◽

Suman Gaur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Workers ◽

Female Sex Workers ◽

Participant Observation ◽

Economic Status ◽

Red Light ◽

Voluntary Organizations ◽

Female Sex ◽

Familial Support ◽

Medical Facilities ◽

Light Area

The term ‘sex workers’ refers to those involved in prostitution. This particular term is preferred as it does not have the derogatory, sexist connotation that the term ‘prostitute’ has. Belonging to a highly stigmatized profession with no financial and familial support forthcoming, the latter years of the lives of destitute female sex workers are spent in abject misery and poverty. Effort has been made to study the socio economic status and the ways adopted by these women, post active prostitution period, to support themselves and their families. This paper is based on the field study conducted in central Delhi red light area during August-September, 2016. Direct interviews with the respondents using questionnaires as well as participant observation techniques were used to collect the data. The study indicate that destitute female sex workers, once out of active prostitution, start working as domestic helpers, work with local voluntary organizations, or as helpers in brothels. The income earned is very meager with hardly any amount left to be saved. Most of the women live in one room rented accommodations. Their access to medical facilities was found to be extremely restricted.

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Trends in Reported Sexual Behavior and Y-Chromosomal DNA Detection Among Female Sex Workers in the Senegal Preexposure Prophylaxis Demonstration Project

Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽

10.1097/olq.0000000000001175 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 314-320 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. Allen Roberts ◽

Stephen E. Hawes ◽

Mame D. Bousso Bao ◽

Anna Julienne Ndiaye ◽

Daouda Gueye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexual Behavior ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Female Sex Workers ◽

Dna Detection ◽

Demonstration Project ◽

Chromosomal Dna ◽

Female Sex ◽

Preexposure Prophylaxis

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Behavioural interventions promoting condom use among female sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review

African Journal of AIDS Research ◽

10.2989/16085906.2017.1358753 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 257-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Uchenna O Okafor ◽

Rik Crutzen ◽

Yauri Aduak ◽

Sylvia Adebajo ◽

Hubertus W Van den Borne

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Condom Use ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Female Sex Workers ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Behavioural Interventions ◽

Female Sex ◽

Sub Saharan

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HIV testing and its associated factors among street-based female sex workers in Iran: results of a national rapid assessment and response survey

Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy ◽

10.1186/s13011-021-00382-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sina Ahmadi ◽

Mehrdad Khezri ◽

Payam Roshanfekr ◽

Salah Eddin Karimi ◽

Meroe Vameghi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Testing ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Female Sex Workers ◽

Rapid Assessment ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Multivariable Model ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Female Sex ◽

Self Testing

Abstract Background Female sex workers (FSWs) are at a disproportionate risk of sexually transmitted infections and they may face significant barriers to HIV testing. This study aimed to examine HIV testing prevalence and its associated factors among street-based FSWs in Iran. Method A total of 898 FSWs were recruited from 414 venues across 19 major cities in Iran between October 2016 and March 2017. Eligible FSWs were women aged 18 years of age who had at least one commercial sexual intercourse in the previous year. HIV testing was defined as having tested for HIV in the lifetime. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine the correlates of HIV testing. We report adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Result Overall, 57.8% (95%CI: 20.0, 88.0) of participants reported having tested for HIV, and HIV prevalence among FSWs who tested for HIV was 10.3% (95%CI: 7.5, 13.0). The multivariable model showed that unstable housing (aOR: 8.86, 95%CI: 2.68, 29.32) and drug use (aOR: 3.47, 95%CI: 1.33, 9.06) were associated with increased likelihood of HIV testing. However, FSWs with a higher level of income were less likely to be tested for HIV (aOR: 0.09, 95%CI: 0.02, 0.43). Conclusion Almost one in ten street-based FSWs had never tested for HIV. These findings suggest the need for evidence-based strategies such as outreach support and HIV self-testing to improve HIV testing in this marginalized population.

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Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Internal Consistency, Gender Differential Item Functioning and Discriminant Validity of the Fear of COVID-5 Scale Amidst Emerging Adult University Students in Mexico

OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying ◽

10.1177/00302228211016216 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003022282110162

Author(s):

Adalberto Campo-Arias ◽

Andrés Felipe Tirado-Otálvaro ◽

Isabel Álvarez-Solorza ◽

Carlos Arturo Cassiani-Miranda

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Differential Item Functioning ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Emerging Adult ◽

One Dimension ◽

Item Functioning ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Gender Differential

The study aimed to perform confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency, gender differential item functioning, and discriminant validity of the Fear of COVID-5 Scale in emerging adult students of a university in Mexico. Confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega), and gender differential item functioning were estimated (Kendall tau b correlation). The Fear of COVID-5 Scale showed a one-dimension structure (RMSEA = 0.07, CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.96, and SRMR = 0.02), with high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.78 and McDonald's omega of 0.81), non-gender differential item functioning (Kendall tau b between 0.07 and 0.10), and significant discriminant validity (Higher scores for fear of COVID-19 were observed in high clinical anxiety levels). In conclusion, the Fear of COVID-5 Scale presents a clear one-dimension structure similar to a previous study.

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