Testing a Model of the Threat of Street Sexual Harassment in Egypt: Implications for Social Work Education

This study tested a model of Egyptian women’s well-being and perception of the threat of sexual harassment. The model was drawn from multiple theoretical frameworks, including the vulnerability perspective, objectification theory, and religious perspectives. Nine variables in the model reflect societal, interpersonal, and cultural variables that are believed to relate to women’s views about threats and social risks related to sexual harassment. A total of 1,977 Egyptian women aged 19-45 years voluntarily participated in the study. Path analysis showed that exposure to street sexual harassment was the strongest predictor of both perception of the threat of sexual harassment and a sense of vulnerability to sexual harassment. However, more nuanced results from the model had implications for social work education and research. This study fills an important gap in social work education related to sexual harassment by examining a complex web of interpersonal, environmental, and cultural factors relevant to women’s view of the threat of sexual harassment.

Effect of Religiosity and Spirituality on Employees Prosocial Behavior With the Mediatory Role of Humanism and Ethics

Purpose - People belongs to different religious groups found prosocial with each other instead of having different religious beliefs and practices, but the reason is less known about why it is so. This paper aims to answer this question by proposing a theoretical framework, hypothesizing that religiosity inculcates the spirit of humanism and ethics, that would turn individual into prosocial, religiosity also tends to make people more spiritual, in turn, make them more humane and ethical.Design\methodology - A well-structured framework is developed, and the PLS-SEM two-step approach is used to generate results by using SmartPLS3. Data is collected through the primary data collection technique and a survey based on 1000 questionnaires is conducted out of which 356 responses were received.Findings - The empirical result shows that religiosity has a significant positive impact on prosocial behavior directly, as well as through Humanism and ethics. Whereas spirituality has an insignificant impact on prosocial behavior directly but has an indirect effect through both humanism and ethics. It is also found that religiosity also has a significant impact on spirituality.Limitations - Data is limited to upper and middle-level employees of well-performing organizations of Karachi.

‘It’s Like You Are Trapped in a Small Place’: Language Skill Acquisition and Settlement Outcomes of Ageing Cambodian Refugees

Language skill acquisition is one of the main challenges encountered by refugees and immigrants entering and transitioning to a new society. In Canada, adult newcomers’ language education is primarily tasked to English as a Second Language (ESL) programs. These programs aim to provide English language training, preparation for the labour market and integration into Canadian society. This paper presents findings of a larger qualitative study that explored the experiences of 15 community-dwelling Cambodian Canadians (aged 55 and older) in northwest Toronto. Drawing on critical transnationalism and postcolonialism, it examines Cambodian Canadians’ reflections on their language skill acquisition and integration vis-à-vis the education and migration regimes which form part of the resettlement bureaucracy supporting these activities and processes. Decades after participating in language education programs, ageing Cambodian Canadians’ narratives reveal that inadequate resources and support have resulted in lower than desired language skill acquisition and differential inclusion within their communities.

Impacts of the 2013 Flood on Immigrant Children, Youth, and Families in Alberta, Canada

The 2013 flood resulted in devastating impacts for immigrant children, youth, and families in Alberta, Canada. This article presents the findings of the Alberta Resilient Communities (ARC) Project, a collaborative research initiative that aimed to better understand the social, economic, health, cultural, spiritual, and personal factors that contribute to resiliency among children and youth. The study findings indicate that immigrant children and youth resilience is tied to four main themes: 1) Constructive parental responses; 2) Effective school support; 3) Active involvement in/with community; and 4) Connections between disasters and the environment. Community influencer participants revealed flood recovery challenges experienced by immigrant families that affected their settlement and integration at the community level. Major themes include: (1) Loss of documentation; (2) Provision of temporary housing and accommodation; and (3) Rethinking diversity in disaster management. The study findings demonstrate that immigrants faced significant socio-economic impacts, trauma, job loss, and housing instability as a result of the flood and its aftermath. Challenges such as limited social ties within and beyond the immigrant community, limited official language fluency, and immigration status contributed to their vulnerability. Immigrant children and youth with positive support from their immigrant parents were found to be more resilient, integrated, and engaged in the community. Recommendations for disaster and emergency management agencies to address diversity factors such as immigration status, language, age, and culture that shape long-term disaster recovery experience are provided. Schools, immigrant parents, and community connections were found to play a key role in fostering immigrant child and youth resilience post-disaster.

Exploring the Nexus Between Culture, Values, Institutions, Happiness and Philanthropy: A Global Evidence

The main aim of this study was to investigate the impact of culture, values, institutions, and happiness on the world’s philanthropy. Culture is measured by Hofstede index (i.e. individualism-collectivism, masculinity-femininity, long and short-run orientation, uncertainty avoidance, power distance, and indulgence-restraint). The measurement of value is WVS (World Value Survey) and it consists of the emotion of happiness, active/ inactive membership of a church or religious organization, important in life; religion, confidence on charitable/ humanitarian organization and active/ inactive membership of charitable/ humanitarian organization. Institutions are measured by WGI (World Governance Indicators) and it consists of corruption, regulatory quality, accountability and voice, rule of law, political stability and government effectiveness, the sub-variables of happiness (index) are social support, freedom to take decisions and generosity and world’s philanthropy is measured by CAF (Charitable Aid Foundation) world giving index. We have gathered panel data (from the period 2010 to 2014) of CAF index, happiness index and WGI of 62 countries and cross-sectional data of CAF index, Hofstede index, WGI, happiness index and WVS of 24 countries. The result (of panel data) shows that there is a significant relation of WGI, social support and freedom of choice with CAF index whereas there is an insignificant connection between generosity and CAF index. The findings (of cross-sectional data of all factors combined) shows that there is a relation of the Hofstede index and happiness index with the CAF index while there is no linkage of WGI and WVS with the CAF index. The study suggests that charitable organizations should personify their value in order to build trust among the public. Countries should improve their governance because this will lead to equality and by doing this countries will also manage their resources efficiently and effectively.

Focusing on SELF (Safety, Empowerment, Living Life Differently, and Forging a New You): Evaluating a New Approach toward Sexual Trauma Treatment for Military Service Members

Sexual assault is a pervasive problem in the United States military. The U.S. Department of Defense established the Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Office as the centralized helm of all sexual assault efforts. Their focus however, is on prevention, surveillance, and the reporting of sexual assault. Safety, Empowerment, Living Life Differently and Forging a New You (SELF) was designed at a large military treatment facility as a supplemental treatment option for female active-duty service members who require additional clinical services in an outpatient setting. SELF’s goal is to facilitate change and instill hope in trauma survivors by providing psychoeducation and utilizing evidenced-based interventions that focus on the developmental, psychological, and social impact of trauma. A total of 19 female active-duty soldiers completed all eight sessions. Pre- and post-test data were available for 23 participants. Numerical variables were reported in medians and interquartile ranges. All categorical variables were reported in counts and frequencies. Paired pre- and post- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-5) differences were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank and differences in initial PCL-5 score between attendance adherence groups were determined using the Kruskal Wallis test. Results show a mean decrease of 10 from baseline (p = .001). SELF may provide a supplement to current treatment modalities for survivors of sexual trauma.

The Third Party: Healing Eating Disorders Through a Task Model of Couples Therapy

Couples therapy is often overlooked in the treatment of eating disorders yet provides a vital role in healing and recovery. In this article we propose a four-step-task model for couples therapy when the female partner has an eating disorder. This psychodynamic model includes narrative techniques to convey pertinent personal history, attachment work, parts work, and shared communication of emotion. The article describes the composite model and details the four steps.

The Current Practice of Corporate Social Responsibility in Ethiopia

The responsibility of the organization for the impacts of its decisions and activities on the society and the environment, called Corporate Social Responsibility is evolving investment approach aimed mainly to contribute for sustainable development and welfare of the society. CSR is being integrated with economic and investment policy of different countries and practiced in different modalities. In Ethiopia, literatures indicates that only limited local as well as international or multinational organizations have been practicing CSR in a fragmented ways. Accordingly, this research was aimed to examine the practice of corporate social responsibility in Ethiopia, specifically in Hilton Hotel located at Addis Ababa. Up on the nature and purpose, the research is led by qualitative approach. Key informant and in-depth interviews were used as main data collection techniques. In addition, document review and systematic observation were also used to get supportive data. In-depth interviews were conducted with beneficiaries whereas key informant interviews were employed with managers of organizations. Totally 20 research participants: four employees, four key informant interviewees, and twelve beneficiaries were participated in this study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the research participants based on the predetermined objectives of the research. The finding of the study shows that Hilton Hotel has several corporate social responsibility programs (CSR) in relation to employees support, community service, environmental protection, and customer handling. Provision of health insurance, freedom of associations for labor, facilitating continues skill based training, support to local NGOs, offering scholarship opportunities, and providing charity and other emergency support are some of the involvements Hilton Hotel has made through its CSR program. This research concluded that though there are several CSR made by the hotel but these have been made without regular budget as well as working procedures.

Moving Towards Self-actualization: A Trauma-Informed and Needs-Focused Approach to the Mental Health Needs of Survivors of Commercial Child Sexual Exploitation

There is increasing evidence that children who are subject to commercial child sexual exploitation (CCSE) are likely to experience complex mental health needs. Failure to address the trauma experienced by victims of CCSE can lead to suicide attempts, self-harm, and long-term mental health needs (Powell, Asbill, Louis, & Stoklosa, 2018). A ‘trauma-informed’ approach (TIA) creates a responsive environment that improves the motivation of victims of CCSE to seek treatment and service providers to address unmet needs. Merging Maslow’s (1943) hierarchy of needs with a TIA approach provides a comprehensive framework to assess the service requirements necessary to meet CCSE survivors’ needs. Particularly, when Maslow’s hierarchy of needs model is coupled with contemporary extensions, which address our greater understanding of the neurological impact of abuse on physiological well-being greater resilience can be created. Additionally, a TIA instigates a shift from victims of CCSE being viewed as damaged, to an understanding of the impact abusive experiences have had on their development. That approach permits them and others to perceive their “survivorhood” and develop their capacity to achieve self-actualization. This paper critically examines what is constituted as best practice in trauma-informed mental health service delivery to not only meet needs but to support CCSE survivors’ attainment of self-actualization.

Street Children: Effects and Survival Strategies the Case of West Showa Zone in Ambo Town, Ethiopia

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Street Children and their survival Strategies in Ambo town. The study employed qualitative research approach and purposive sampling technique. The sample size for this study was 27 participants in which 17 of them participated in an interview and 10 participated in focus group discussion guided by semi-structured instruments. The finding revealed that children who are joined on the street is due to various reasons such as poverty, family breakdown, migration, looking for jobs, abuse by parents or guardians, peer pressure and expectation of positive life. The result also showed that research participants are facing numerous social problems ranging from sexual abuse, verbal abuse, physical abuse, engagement in drug use, prostitutions, discrimination and different health challenges because of their living condition and inaccessibility to medical services. There should be new strategies that could be taken hand in hand between concerned actors to bring into attention and address the problems of street children in particular manner.