scholarly journals The Cumulative Prevalence of Termination of Parental Rights for U.S. Children, 2000–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Wildeman ◽  
Frank R. Edwards ◽  
Sara Wakefield
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Native American ◽  
Foster Care ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Parental Rights ◽  
African American Children ◽  
Termination Of Parental Rights ◽  
Synthetic Cohort ◽  
American Children ◽  
Cumulative Prevalence

Recent research has used synthetic cohort life tables to show that having a Child Protective Services investigation, experiencing confirmed maltreatment, and being placed in foster care are more common for American children than would be expected based on daily or annual rates for these events. In this article, we extend this literature by using synthetic cohort life tables and data from the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System to generate the first cumulative prevalence estimates of termination of parental rights. The results provide support for four conclusions. First, according to the 2016 estimate, 1 in 100 U.S. children will experience the termination of parental rights by age 18. Second, the risk of experiencing this event is highest in the first few years of life. Third, risks are highest for Native American and African American children. Nearly 3.0% of Native American children and around 1.5% of African American children will ever experience this event. Finally, there is dramatic variation across states in the risk of experiencing this event and in racial/ethnic inequality in this risk. Taken together, these findings suggest that parental rights termination, which involves the permanent loss of access to children for parents, is far more common than often thought.

A Model Program for African American Children in the Foster Care System

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 195-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aminifu R. Harvey ◽  
Georgette K. Loughney ◽  
Janaé Moore
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Foster Care ◽  
African American Children ◽  
Model Program ◽  
Foster Care System ◽  
American Children ◽  
Care System

A Troubled/Troubling History

Ballet Class ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 129-156
Author(s):  
Melissa R. Klapper
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
Native American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
African American Children ◽  
The Creation ◽  
American Children

Ballet has been and continues to be among the least diverse of the performing arts. Until well into the twentieth century, most African American children who wanted to take ballet class were forced to go to segregated studios, which played significant roles in local communities. African Americans also faced very limited opportunities for ballet careers. There were important exceptions who served as role models, and the creation of the Dance Theatre of Harlem in 1969 helped challenge the racist assumptions that dancers of color could not master the ballet aesthetic. A number of prominent Native American ballerinas faced less discrimination. Recent diversity initiatives are slowly improving the situation in both recreational and professional ballet.

scholarly journals Cumulative Rates of Child Protection Involvement and Terminations of Parental Rights in a California Birth Cohort, 1999–2017

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e7
Author(s):  
Emily Putnam-Hornstein ◽  
Eunhye Ahn ◽  
John Prindle ◽  
Joseph Magruder ◽  
Daniel Webster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Native American ◽  
Foster Care ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Parental Rights ◽  
Vital Records ◽  
American Children ◽  
Different Levels

Objectives. To document the cumulative childhood risk of different levels of involvement with the child protection system (CPS), including terminations of parental rights (TPRs). Methods. We linked vital records for California’s 1999 birth cohort (n = 519 248) to CPS records from 1999 to 2017. We used sociodemographic information captured at birth to estimate differences in the cumulative percentage of children investigated, substantiated, placed in foster care, and with a TPR. Results. Overall, 26.3% of children were investigated for maltreatment, 10.5% were substantiated, 4.3% were placed in foster care, and 1.1% experienced a TPR. Roughly 1 in 2 Black and Native American children were investigated during childhood. Children receiving public insurance experienced CPS involvement at more than twice the rate of children with private insurance. Conclusions. Findings provide a lower-bound estimate of CPS involvement and extend previous research by documenting demographic differences, including in TPRs. Public Health Implications. Conservatively, CPS investigates more than a quarter of children born in California for abuse or neglect. These data reinforce policy questions about the current scope and reach of our modern CPS. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print April 15, 2021: e1–e7. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306214 )

Final Consonant Deletion in African American Children Speaking Black English

1993 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Moran
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Black English ◽  
African American Children ◽  
Vowel Length ◽  
Minimal Pairs ◽  
Speech Evaluation ◽  
American Children

The purpose of this study was to determine whether African American children who delete final consonants mark the presence of those consonants in a manner that might be overlooked in a typical speech evaluation. Using elicited sentences from 10 African American children from 4 to 9 years of age, two studies were conducted. First, vowel length was determined for minimal pairs in which final consonants were deleted. Second, listeners who identified final consonant deletions in the speech of the children were provided training in narrow transcription and reviewed the elicited sentences a second time. Results indicated that the children produced longer vowels preceding "deleted" voiced final consonants, and listeners perceived fewer deletions following training in narrow transcription. The results suggest that these children had knowledge of the final consonants perceived to be deleted. Implications for assessment and intervention are discussed.

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