Gendered Responses to Gendered Harms: Sexual Violence and Bystander Intervention at Australian Music Festivals

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122110120
Author(s):  
Greta Baillie ◽  
Bianca Fileborn ◽  
Phillip Wadds
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Music Festivals

Bystander intervention has shown promise in preventing sexual violence in certain social contexts. Despite emerging evidence of pervasive sexual violence at music festivals, no research has considered bystander intervention in this setting. Drawing on an online survey conducted with 371 Australian festival attendees, we explore the role of gender on bystander intervention at music festivals. Findings point to significant gender differences, with women more willing and likely to intervene in a broader range of scenarios. We argue that responses to sexual violence are a collective responsibility shared by both women and men, as well as festival organizers and industry bodies.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in the Association Between Cyberbullying Victimization and Perpetration: The Role of Anger Rumination and Traditional Bullying Experiences

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1252-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ágnes Zsila ◽  
Róbert Urbán ◽  
Mark D. Griffiths ◽  
Zsolt Demetrovics
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Traditional Bullying ◽  
Anger Rumination ◽  
Cyberbullying Victimization ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Bullying Experiences ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Studies investigating the similarities and differences in traditional bullying and cyberbullying experiences have demonstrated considerable gender differences concerning its determinants. The aim of the present study was to provide further evidence for the differential role of determinants for males and females by investigating the moderating role of traditional bullying and anger rumination in the relationship of past cyberbullying victimization and recent cyberbullying perpetration in respect to gender. A total of 1500 Hungarian adolescents and adults (57.9% male, M age = 28.9 years, SD = 8.7) completed an online survey on bullying experiences. Results indicated that males were more likely than females to engage in cyberbullying when they had been previously bullied online. Furthermore, high anger rumination elevated the risk of perpetration among male cyberbullying victims, while repeated victimization in traditional bullying increased the risk of cyberbullying perpetration among females. These results underline the importance of considering gender differences in intervention efforts against bullying.

Reasoning About Sexual Assault: The Role of Consent

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Kaluza ◽  
Clare Conry-Murray
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Freezing Response ◽  
The Relationship

One hundred and fifty-nine emerging adults (77 men, 82 women) completed an online survey evaluating consent and the acceptability of a sexual act in hypothetical scenarios which varied the response of the protagonist/victim and the length of the relationship. Judgments of the acceptability of sexual acts were strongly associated with judgments of consent. Judgments of consent and the acceptability, responsibility for and deserved-punishment for the sexual act differed depending on the victim responses and relationships lengths. Gender differences were most frequent in the conditions where the victim responded to sexual advances by freezing. Compared to women, men judged the freezing response to be more acceptable, and the perpetrator to be less responsible and less punish-worthy. In addition, men were less likely than women to label responses where the victim froze as rape, though they did indicate they were wrong.

scholarly journals The Role of Individualism, Gender and Situational Factors on Probabilities of Committing Offences in a French Drivers Sample

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florent Varet ◽  
Marie-Axelle Granié ◽  
Themis Apostolidis
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
Individual Level

Driving offences can be a cause of road crashes and their psychosocial determinants have been studied using different approaches. Recent studies have found that cultural values, transposed at individual level through the vertical-horizontal individualism-collectivism model, may be relevant for understanding offending behaviours in drivers and pedestrians. Within this framework, we propose to test these relationships in a sample of French drivers (N = 666). In addition, we aim to explore the role of situational factors and gender differences, as potential moderators for the effects of individualist and collectivist values on offending behaviours. In an online survey experiment, drivers had to evaluate their probabilities of committing several driving offences in three driving situations, manipulating traffic density level and the probability of being caught by the authorities. Statistical analyses showed that, compared to a control situation, probabilities of offending were lower in the heavy traffic condition and even lower in the high probability of being caught condition. Probabilities of offending were also higher for men than women and were positively predicted by vertical individualism. However, the main effects suggested that horizontal collectivism and vertical individualism predicted posit offences for men only, depending on situation for vertical individualism. These results were qualified by significant interactions between driving situation, gender and vertical individualism and between gender and horizontal collectivism. These findings are discussed in relation to gender differences in value expression. Perspectives to improve the relevance of the value framework mobilized, the importance to consider situational context to understand driving offending behaviours and safety implications are also discussed.

scholarly journals Beliefs on Sexual Violence in the Context of System Justification Theory: The Role of Hostile Sexism and Beliefs in Biological Origins of Gender Differences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka E. Łyś ◽  
Anna Studzińska ◽  
Kamilla Bargiel-Matusiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Ambivalent Sexism ◽  
Acquaintance Rape ◽  
System Justification ◽  
Hostile Sexism ◽  
System Justification Theory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Research And Policy

AbstractEstimates suggest that around 20% of women may have experienced rape. Various misconceptions about rape (i.e., rape myths) are closely related to victim blaming. In our studies we tested the link between system justification, beliefs in biological origins of gender differences, ambivalent sexism and beliefs concerning sexual violence. Study 1 was conducted among 433 Polish students. The sequential mediation analysis suggests that system justification predicts the level of rape myth acceptance through beliefs in biological origins of gender differences and then hostile (but not benevolent) sexism. In Study 2, conducted among 197 Polish students, we tested the relationship between beliefs in biological origins of gender differences and beliefs concerning sexual violence using experimental design. Contrary to our expectations, students who read the text about social origins of gender differences perceived the survivor of a hypothetical acquaintance rape as less credible, and proposed a lower sentence for a stranger rape perpetrator, compared to participants who read about biological origins of gender differences. We suspect that this is due to experiencing reactance when confronted with social explanations of gender differences. We discuss implications for research and policy.

scholarly journals Do Boys’ and Girls’ Daily Activities Differ? Cross-Country Evidence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Gracia ◽  
Joan Garcia-Roman ◽  
Tomi Oinas ◽  
Timo Anttila
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Domestic Work ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
The Uk

This study uses 2009-2015 time-diary data to examine gender differences in daily activities among children and adolescents aged 10-17 in Finland, Spain and the UK (N = 3,517). Gender differences in child time use are strong in all three countries. Boys are more involved in screen-based time and exercising, and girls in domestic work, non-screen educational time, personal care and socializing. The UK shows the largest gender differences in child time use, including domestic work (60% gender gap), exercising (57%), non-screen educational time (35%), screen-based time (31%), personal care (27%) and socializing (21%). Finland resembles the UK in domestic work (58% gap) and non-screen educational time (34%), showing smaller gender gaps in other activities, without significant gender differences with Spain and UK. Spain exhibits the smallest gender differences in child time use, with significant differences with the UK in screen-based time (16% gap), socializing (6%) and personal care (14%). Demographic and socioeconomic factors contribute little to explain these findings. While gender differences in child time use are moderately smaller in ‘egalitarian’ Finland than in ‘liberal’ UK, ‘family-oriented’ Spain presents interestingly the smallest gender gaps. The complex role of social contexts and life-course stages in shaping gendered activities is discussed.

scholarly journals Bystander intervention to prevent sexual violence: The overlooked role of bystander alcohol intoxication.

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruschelle M. Leone ◽  
Michelle Haikalis ◽  
Dominic J. Parrott ◽  
David DiLillo
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Bystander Intervention

Testing the Strain Theory of Suicide – The Moderating Role of Social Support

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Lew ◽  
Ksenia Chistopolskaya ◽  
Yanzheng Liu ◽  
Mansor Abu Talib ◽  
Olga Mitina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Strain Theory ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Strains ◽  
Moderating Role

Abstract. Background: According to the strain theory of suicide, strains, resulting from conflicting and competing pressures in an individual's life, are hypothesized to precede suicide. But social support is an important factor that can mitigate strains and lessen their input in suicidal behavior. Aims: This study was designed to assess the moderating role of social support in the relation between strain and suicidality. Methods: A sample of 1,051 employees were recruited in Beijing, the capital of China, through an online survey. Moderation analysis was performed using SPSS PROCESS Macro. Social support was measured with the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and strains were assessed with the Psychological Strains Scale. Results: Psychological strains are a good predictor of suicidality, and social support, a basic need for each human being, moderates and decreases the effects of psychological strains on suicidality. Limitations: The cross-sectional survey limited the extent to which conclusions about causal relationships can be drawn. Furthermore, the results may not be generalized to the whole of China because of its diversity. Conclusion: Social support has a tendency to mitigate the effects of psychological strains on suicidality.

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