Relating Ndesign to Field Compaction: A Case Study in Minnesota

High field density helps in increasing the durability of asphalt pavements. In a current research effort, the University of Minnesota and the Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT) have been working on designing asphalt mixtures with higher field densities. One critical issue is the determination of the Ndesign values for these mixtures. The physical meaning of Ndesign is discussed first. Instead of the traditional approach, in which Ndesign represents a measure of rutting resistance, Ndesign is interpreted as an indication of the compactability of mixtures. The field density data from some recent Minnesota pavement projects are analyzed. A clear negative correlation between Ndesign and field density level is identified, which confirms the significant effect of Ndesign on the compactability and consequently on the field density of mixtures. To achieve consistency between the laboratory and field compaction, it is proposed that Ndesign should be determined to reflect the real field compaction effort. A parameter called the equivalent number of gyrations to field compaction effort (Nequ) is proposed to quantify the field compaction effort, and the Nequ values for some recent Minnesota pavement projects are calculated. The results indicate that the field compaction effort for the current Minnesota projects evaluated corresponds to about 30 gyrations of gyratory compaction. The computed Nequ is then used as the Ndesign for a Superpave 5 mixture placed in a paving project, for which field density data and laboratory performance test results are obtained. The data analysis shows that both the field density and pavement performance of the Superpave 5 mixture are significantly improved compared with the traditional mixtures. The results indicate that Nequ provides a reasonable estimation of field compaction effort, and that Nequ can be used as the Ndesign for achieving higher field densities.

Structural Health Monitoring of Existing Reinforced Cement Concrete Buildings and Bridge Using Nondestructive Evaluation with Repair Methodology

Sustainable development means the utilization of resources at a rate less than the rate at which they are renewing. In India infrastructure industry is growing rapidly due to globalization and raising awareness. In the present study, challenges faced by countries like India are to sustain the existing expectations with limited resources available. Reinforced Concrete (RC) structure may suffer several types of defects that may jeopardize their service life. This chapter deals with condition assessment and repair of RCC (G+3) building situated at Northern part of the country. There are various techniques available for repair and rehabilitation of reinforced concrete structures. From a maintenance point of view, it is essential to take up the strength assessment of an existing structure. So, to find out the reason behind the deterioration of the concrete structures some of the NDT and partially destructive technique are used. The NDT tests conducted during this study are Rebound Hammer, Ultra-sonic Pulse Velocity, Concrete resistivity Meter, Ferro-scanning and Carbonation, etc. This chapter helps to explains, how identified the different parameters of distress building like strength, density, level of corrosion and amount of reinforcement. On basis of these results, apply a repair methodology to revert back the strength parameters of the buildings.

ESTIMASI KANDUNGAN KARBON ATAS PERMUKAAN TANAH PADA HUTAN ALAM DAN HUTAN REHABILITASI MANGROVE TAMAN HUTAN RAYA NGURAH RAI BALI

Mangroves are ecosystems that play an important role in absorbing and storing carbon from the air, one of which is in the form of mangrove vegetation biomass. As the largest mangrove area in Bali which consists of natural and rehabilitation vegetation, Taman Hutan Raya Ngurah Rai has a large potential for high carbon content. To determine the carbon potential of mangroves in natural and rehabilitation forests, a research was conducted using the purposive sampling method based on the canopy density level which was divided into 5 categories, namely very rare, rare, moderate, dense, very dense. Based on the results of measurements and calculations, the total carbon content of Ngurah Rai Grand Forest Park is 86.521,74 tons C, consisting of natural forest content 66.857,53 tons C and rehabilitation forest 19.664,21 tons C. Above ground carbon per hectare in natural forest was not significantly different from the above ground carbon per hectare in rehabilitation forest, these results indicate that the carbon content per hectare of rehabilitation forest over 20 years old is almost close to the carbon content per hectare in natural forest. The diameter of trees and vegetation types did not significantly affect the carbon content of mangroves, these results indicate that the increase in carbon stocks in each type of vegetation in natural and rehabilitation forests is in line with diameter growth. Keywords: Biomass; Density; Diameter; Canopy.

THE INFLUENCE OF ECONOMIC CAPITAL TOWARDS THE SOCIOECONOMIC BACKGROUND OF THE RURAL COMMUNITY

A rural community is very important in planning for rural development and it cannot be disregard as the rural area is part and parcel of the nation’s development. In countries with emerging and developing economies like Malaysia, rural communities constitute the majority of populations where the majority of them are generally poorer and more disadvantaged compared to their urban counterparts. In Malaysia, rural communities have diverse and different levels of socioeconomic backgrounds that are based on the type of settlement, type of economic sector, and rural density level. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the factor of economic capital influencing the socioeconomic background of rural communities. Besides that, this paper also explains the theoretical perspective such as the regional economic growth theory which directly contributed to providing understanding on the factor of economic capital and its indicator influencing the different levels of the socioeconomic background of rural communities. The finding of this paper will provide a preliminary framework for the factor and indicator of economic capital that influenced the socio-economic background of the rural community in the context of Malaysia based on a literature review of previous related research on this topic.

Evaluasi Kinerja Simpang Bersinyal Jl. Arief Rahman Hakim-Jl. Klampis Anom-Jl. Klampis Jaya Surabaya

The intersection between Arief Rahman Hakim Street, Klampis Anom Street, Klampis Jaya Street is a signalized intersection with a high-density level due to trip generation and attraction. The low level of knowledge and culture of traffic is the phenomenon of vehicle congestion at the intersection involving many actors as the cause. This study aimed to determine the traffic performance of the signalized intersection at the Arief Rahman Hakim Street, Klampis Anom Street, Klampis Jaya Street at this point as well as to predict the traffic performance of the signalized intersection on the Arief Rahman Hakim Street,Klampis Anom Street, Klampis Jaya Street in 2024. The results of the performance evaluation of the signalized intersection on the Arief Rahman Hakim Street, Klampis Anom Street, Klampis Jaya Street was for the standard degree of saturation received in 2021; it was 4.33 in the north, 0.23 in the south, 3.17 in the east, and 2.98 in the west. In 2024 it will be 4.96 in the north, 0.36 in the south, 3.49 in the east, and 3.41 in the west. In 2024 the rate of population growth and the need for private vehicles will increase greatly.

Mortalitas dan bobot badan tiga strain ayam broiler pada kepadatan kandang yang berbeda

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of strain, density and their interaction on mortality and body weight of broiler chicken raised in the closed houses. The data was obtained from 60 broiler farms in the Central Java province. Three strains were Cobb, CP 707, and Loghman. The density level was classified into three groups: £10, >10 to <15, and ³ 15 birds/m2. Parameters observed were mortality and body weight in the first week to the fifth week (M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5) and (BB1, BB2, BB3, BB4 dan BB5), respectively. Test of significance effect for strain and density was performed using Mixed procedure of Statistical Analysis System (SAS) University Edition V.6p.2. software. The results showed that density was significant (P<0,01) on the first week (M1), their interaction was (P<0,01) on M1 and (P<0,05) on the fourth week (M4), but not significant on body weight. The conclusion from this study there was an interaction between genetic and environment on mortality one week after chick in and nearly harvesting.

Evaluation of wound healing potential of a sea cucumber (Actinopyga mauritiana) extract in mice (Mus musculus)

Sea cucumbers are a marine source with biological activities that have been used in food as well as medicine in many Asian countries. Actinopyga mauritiana is one of the sea cucumber species with limited research about its bioactive activities. In this study, the wound healing activity of A. mauritiana extract in the form of cream, gel, and serum formulations in mice was investigated. The histopathology test was performed to evaluate the fibroblast and collagen dense levels in wound healing. Phytochemical screening has been carried out by the qualitative test of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, and saponins compounds. The A. mauritiana ethanol extract (SCAE) was added into cream, gel and serum formulations with various concentrations (3, 6, and 9%) and applied to the wounded area of mice. The wound healing activities and histopathology results indicated that serum 9%-SCAE performed the highest decrease of wound length 0.55 ± 0.32 compared to other groups with a density level of fibroblast and collagen are 10.00 ± 1.00 and 10.67 ± 0.00, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the wound healing activity of A.Mauritiana, which demonstrated promising therapeutic agents for wound healing and cosmetics applications in the future.

Susceptibility Pattern of ESBL Urine Specimens in Non-Intensive Care Room at Ulin General Hospital

Beta-lactam antibiotic resistance can occur in ESBL-producing bacteria such as E.coli and K.pneumoniae, which can cause UTI. One of the risk factors for infection is the non-intensive care space density level. The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity pattern of ESBL-producing bacteria in urine specimens of patients in the non-intensive care of Ulin General Hospital, Banjarmasin, in the period of 2016-2018. A descriptive study with a cross-sectional design using data results of urine culture and antibiotic susceptibility patterns data in non-intensive care patients at Ulin General Hospital from 2016 to 2018. The urine test results showed 96 positive isolates of ESBL-producing bacteria, consisting of ESBL-E.coli (69.8%) and ESBL-K.pneumonia (30.2%). Antibiotics with low sensitivity tests were Penicillin, Cephalosporin, Monobactam, and Penicillin/beta-lactam inhibitor combinations. Contrastingly, antibiotics with high sensitivity were Aminoglycoside, Carbapenem, and Glycylcycline. It was concluded from this study that the ESBL-producing bacteria in urine specimens for non-intensive care patients of Banjarmasin Ulin General Hospital in the period of 2016-2018 showed varying sensitivity to antibiotics

ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH ON THE KEY FACTORS OF SPORTS IN MAINTAINING HUMAN HEALTH

ABSTRACT Introduction The research on the promotion of physical fitness of the human body by exercise has also attracted widespread attention in sports and rehabilitation medicine. Object This article uses ultrasound to study the bone density health of the human body, thereby establishing the relationship between sports and bone density health. We hope to use the research results of this article to improve people’s awareness of sports health. Method We used ultrasound to test the bone mineral density of two groups of students (exercise group and non-exercise group) to explore the relationship between different sports items and the students’ bone mineral density. Results There is a significant difference in bone density between the two groups of students. There is no gender difference in bone density. Conclusion Students need to strengthen physical exercise in the growth and development stage to improve bone density. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

MANGROVE MONITORING USING NORMALIZED DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX (NDVI): CASE STUDY IN NORTH HALMAHERA, INDONESIA

Community-based ecotourism is an appropriate approach which is effectively preserved mangrove sustainability. As an effort to identify the priority areas of mangrove development, mangrove density levels need to be analyzed. The distribution of mangroves with the lowest average density value needs to be prioritized as a preservation and conservation strategy through community-based ecotourism concept. This article aims to identify the distribution of mangroves using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) model in North Halmahera Regency, Indonesia. Also, discuss the sustainable livelihoods' perspective. This study adopted a mixed-method. Data processing is divided into two stages: first stage, mapping the distribution of mangroves based on density levels; second stage, triangulation. Landsat 8 operational land imager (OLI) in 2013 and 2021 were used as primary data to get the NDVI value, and categorized mangrove density level in Pilawang Cape, Kumo Island, Kakara Island, Maiti Island, and Tagalaya Island. The findings show that Pilawang Cape has the lowest NDVI value. The average NDVI value in 2021 is 0.22 which can be categorized as a rare mangrove forest according to the mangrove standard damage criteria. Thus, Mangrove area in Pilawang Cape needs to be prioritized as a preservation and conservation strategy through community-based ecotourism concept.