Persistently curly hair phenotype with the use of nivolumab for squamous cell lung cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 638-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin A Dasanu ◽  
Scott M Lippman ◽  
Steven C Plaxe
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Advanced Lung Cancer ◽  
First Case ◽  
Curly Hair ◽  
Cell Death Protein

Increasing use of programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death protein 1 ligand inhibition for the treatment of patients with various malignancies such as advanced lung cancer, kidney cancer, and melanoma has resulted in valuable clinical responses, along with the occurrence of new and often puzzling side effects. Known cutaneous effects of CTLA4 and programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death protein 1 ligand inhibitors include generalized pruritus, vitiligo, maculopapular lesions, and lichenoid skin eruptions. Alopecia has been the only hair effect previously associated with this class of agents. We describe herein the first case of a persistent curly hair phenotype with the use of nivolumab in a patient with metastatic squamous cell lung cancer.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification of differentially methylated promoters and enhancers associated with response to anti-PD-1 therapy in non-small cell lung cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 1550-1563
Author(s):  
Jae-Won Cho ◽  
Min Hee Hong ◽  
Sang-Jun Ha ◽  
Young-Joon Kim ◽  
Byoung Chul Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Cpg Sites ◽  
Cell Death Protein

Abstract Although approved programmed cell death protein (PD)-1 inhibitors show durable responses, clinical benefits to these agents are only seen in one-third of patients in most cancer types. Therefore, strategies for improving the response to PD-1 inhibitor for treating various cancers including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are urgently needed. Compared with genome and transcriptome, tumor DNA methylome in anti-PD-1 response was relatively unexplored. We compared the pre-treatment methylation status of cis-regulatory elements between responders and non-responders to treatment with nivolumab or pembrolizumab using the Infinium Methylation EPIC Array, which can profile ~850,000 CpG sites, including ~350,000 CpG sites located in enhancer regions. Then, we analyzed differentially methylated regions overlapping promoters (pDMRs) or enhancers (eDMRs) between responders and non-responders to PD-1 inhibitors. We identified 1007 pDMRs and 607 eDMRs associated with the anti-PD-1 response. We also identified 1109 and 1173 target genes putatively regulated by these pDMRs and eDMRs, respectively. We found that eDMRs contribute to the epigenetic regulation of the anti-PD-1 response more than pDMRs. Hypomethylated pDMRs of Cytohesin 1 Interacting Protein (CYTIP) and TNF superfamily member 8 (TNFSF8) were more predictive than programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression for anti-PD-1 response and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in a validation cohort, suggesting their potential as predictive biomarkers for anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. The catalog of promoters and enhancers differentially methylated between responders and non-responders to PD-1 inhibitors presented herein will guide the development of biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for improving anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in NSCLC.

scholarly journals Case Report: Transformation From Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer to Small Cell Lung Cancer During Anti-PD-1 Therapy: A Report of Two Cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Shen ◽  
Jingjing Qu ◽  
Lingyan Sheng ◽  
Qiqi Gao ◽  
Jianying Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung

BackgroundHistological transformation of lung cancer to small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is uncommon. It is a small subset of the possible resistance mechanisms, even in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer treated with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Reports on programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors are rare. We report two cases of lung squamous carcinomas that transformed to SCLC during anti-PD-1 therapy, and present a detailed description of histological examination of the pre-and post-transformation tissues, hitherto absent from reports on the topic.Case PresentationCase 1: A 69-year-old man was diagnosed with stage IVa squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. He had a programmed cell death-ligand 1 tumor proportion score ≥50%. He achieved partial response after four cycles of sintilimab as first-line treatment. However, sintilimab was discontinued because of severe decrease in hemoglobin levels and platelet counts. Moreover, the occurrence of pleural effusion favored disease progression. Interestingly, bone marrow puncture and biopsy showed transformation to SCLC. Case 2: A 71-year-old man diagnosed with stage IIIa lung squamous cell carcinoma received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, underwent radical surgery, and finally received adjuvant chemotherapy. Five months later, he presented with tumor recurrence. He was treated with nivolumab, though disease progression was observed after four cycles. Notably, a subsequent computed tomography-guided biopsy showed SCLC.ConclusionPhenotypic transformation to SCLC is a potential mechanism of resistance to immunotherapy in squamous cell carcinomas of the lung. Disease progression should prompt re-biopsy to diagnose potential histological changes to assess the requirement for change in treatment.

Characterization of patients treated with a programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitor (anti-PD-1) past RECIST progression from a metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) trial.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 3000-3000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dickran Gano Kazandjian ◽  
Gideon Michael Blumenthal ◽  
Sean Khozin ◽  
Daniel L. Suzman ◽  
Patricia Keegan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Cell Death Protein

scholarly journals Immunotherapy in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Lacking Driver Mutations and Future Perspectives

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Ramon Andrade Bezerra De Mello ◽  
Rafael Voscaboinik ◽  
João Vittor Pires Luciano ◽  
Rafaela Vilela Cremonese ◽  
Giovanna Araujo Amaral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Driver Mutations ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Cell Death Protein

From a complete literature review, we were able to present in this paper what is most current in the treatment with immunotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Especially the use of immunotherapy, particularly inhibitors of PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1), PDL-1 (programmed cell death protein ligand 1), and CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4). Since 2015, these drugs have transformed the treatment of advanced NSCLC lacking driver mutations, evolving from second-line therapy to first-line, with excellent results. The arrival of new checkpoint inhibitors such as cemiplimab and the use of checkpoint inhibitors earlier in the therapy of advanced and metastatic cancers has been making the future prospects for treating NSCLC lacking driver mutations more favorable and optimistic. In addition, for those patients who have low PDL-1 positivity tumors, the combination of cytotoxic chemotherapy, VEGF inhibitor, and immunotherapy have shown an important improvement in global survival and progression free survival regardless the PDL-1 status. We also explored the effectiveness of adding radiotherapy to immunotherapy and the most current results about this combination. One concern that cannot be overlooked is the safety profile of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and the most common toxicities are described throughout this paper as well as tumor resistance to ICI.

scholarly journals The possibilities of combination immunotherapy with radiation therapy for the treatment of patients with inoperable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
E. I. Smolenov ◽  
G. V. Afonin ◽  
V. S. Usachev ◽  
D. D. Kudryavtsev ◽  
I. V. Kolobaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Advanced Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung

Currently, lung cancer is a global problem and public health issue in the world. Chemoradiotherapy remains the optimal method in the treatment of patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nowadays, immune response checkpoint inhibitors (monoclonal antibodies) are actively introduced into clinical practice which demonstrated significant improvements in the overall survival for patients with unresectable NSCLC. These drugs block programmed cell death protein (PD‑1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) that increases regulation on the surface of T-cells and improves the patient's immune system respond to tumor cells. In 2019, durvalumab was introduced into clinical practice for the treatment of patients with unresectable NSCLC (stage III) after chemoradiotherapy. In our study, we’ve summarizes studies investigated the feasibility and safety of radiotherapy with immunotherapy for locally advanced lung cancer.

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