Antioxidant Activity of Hizikia fusiformis on Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging and Lipid Peroxidation Inhibition

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nalin Siriwardhana ◽  
K.-W. Lee ◽  
Y.-J. Jeon ◽  
S.-H. Kim ◽  
J.-W. Haw
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Hizikia Fusiformis ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Inhibition

Water and organic extracts (diethyl ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol and methanol) obtained from Hizikia fusiformis were screened on reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging assays (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical) and lipid peroxidation (inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation) inhibitory assays. Water, methanol and ethanol extracts showed significant ROS radical scavenging activities. Water extracts showed high scavenging activities on hydrogen peroxide (around 76%) and DPPH radicals (around 75%) while it presented a moderate scavenging activity on hydroxyl radicals (around 54%). Comparatively higher ROS scavenging activities were recorded in hydroxyl radical and DPPH scavenging assays. DPPH radical scavenging activities were well correlated with the polyphenolic content. ROS scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition activities indicated that H. fusiformis might be a valuable natural antioxidative source containing both water and fatsoluble antioxidative components.

317 RESISTANCE AGAINST DIFFERENT REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES IN BOVINE EPIDIDYMAL SPERM UNDER DISTINCT MATURATION STATUS

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
M. Nichi ◽  
E. G. A. Perez ◽  
C. H. C. Viana ◽  
A. C. Teodoro ◽  
P. A. A. Goes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Product ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Epididymal Sperm ◽  
Mitochondrial Potential

Oxidative stress is caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may cause structural damage to biomolecules, DNA, lipids, carbohydrates and proteins, as well as other cellular components. Evidence indicates that oxidation products are also deleterious to biological systems. Spermatozoa are particularly susceptible the oxidative stress, mainly due to the reduced cytoplasm and the high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in its membrane. The mechanisms by which sperm acquire antioxidant capacity are still not completely elucidated. The aim was to study the resistance of sperm derived from different epididymal compartments (caudae and head) to the different ROS and to the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA). Epididymal sperm samples from 4 testicles were collected from the head and caudae epididymides. Sperm samples were then incubated (1 h, 37°C) with 4 ROS inducer mechanisms: xanthine/xanthine oxidase (produces superoxide anion), hydrogen peroxide (4 mM), ascorbate and ferrous sulfate (4 mM; produces hydroxyl radical), and MDA. Samples were analyzed for 3-3′ diaminobenzidine stain, as an index of mitochondrial activity; the eosin nigrosin stain, as an index of membrane integrity; the simple stain (fast green/Bengal rose), as an index of acrosome integrity; and the measurement of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), an index of lipid peroxidation. Statistical analysis was performed using the SAS System for Windows (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA; least significant differences test and Pearson correlation). Results showed that immature sperm (head epididymides) were significantly more susceptible to the MDA and to the hydroxyl radical in all studied variables, especially acrosomes, membranes, and mitochondrial potential. Semen derived from the caudae epididymides was more susceptible to the hydrogen peroxide and to the MDA, especially regarding mitochondrial potential. In semen from the epididymal head, a positive correlation was found between TBARS and sperm showing no mitochondrial potential (r = 0.66, P = 0.01). On the other hand, negative correlations were found between TBARS and sperm with damaged acrosome and membrane (r = -0.63, P = 0.01 and r = -0.58, P = 0.02, respectively) in samples collected from the caudae epididymides. The present results suggest that sperm susceptibility to the attack of ROS is different throughout maturation. Although immature sperm are more susceptible to the hydroxyl radical, mature sperm are more susceptible to the hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, MDA, a product of lipid peroxidation, is also deleterious to the sperm, indicating that once oxidative stress starts, further damage may be caused by their products. The authors thankNutricell for the media used in the experiment andFAPESP for financial support (process #06/05736-1).

34 OVINE SPERM IS HIGHLY SUSCEPTIBLE TO ATTACK BY HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
E. G. A. Perez ◽  
M. Nichi ◽  
F. A. Oliveira Neto ◽  
R. O. C. Silva ◽  
A. Dalmazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Potential ◽  
Ram Sperm

Ram sperm membrane displays a particular lipid composition, especially regarding the high quantity of polyunsaturated cholesterol. This trait improves membrane fluidity; however, the spermatozoa become more susceptible to the attack of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may lead to structural and functional damage, impairment or even impeded fecundity. The aim of the present experiment was to study the resistance of ovine spermatozoa to different ROS. Sperm samples from 4 rams were collected using an artificial vagina. Sperm samples were then incubated (1 h, 37°C) with four ROS inducer mechanisms: xanthine/xanthine oxidase (produces superoxide anion), hydrogen peroxide (4 mM), ascorbate/ferrous sulfate (4 mM; produces hydroxyl radical), and malondialdehyde (MDA, lipid peroxidation product). Samples were analysed using the 3-3′ diamino benzidine (DAB) stain as an index of mitochondrial activity, the eosin nigrosin stain as an index of membrane integrity; the simple stain (fast green/Bengal rose) as an index of acrosome integrity; and the measurement of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as an index of lipid peroxidation. Results showed that acrosome and membrane integrity as well as mitochondrial potential were highly impaired by hydrogen peroxide, which was not the case for the other ROS (Table 1). Surprisingly, TBARS production was higher in samples incubated with ascorbate and ferrous sulfate (hydroxyl radical). Furthermore, sperm showing impaired mitochondrial potential were negatively correlated with membrane and acrosome integrities (r = -0.83, P < 0.0001 and r = -0.62, P = 0.01, respectively). Results of the present experiment suggest that semen of rams is extremely susceptible to attack by hydrogen peroxide. However, the mechanism by which this substance impairs sperm quality apparently does not involve oxidative stress, because no increase in TBARS was observed. Despite the necessity of further studies to investigate how hydrogen peroxide negatively influences sperm function, the use of catalase and glutathione peroxidase, important hydrogen peroxide scavengers, appears to be an alternative to improve the quality of ram sperm. Table 1.Effect of different reactive oxygen species in semen of rams The authors thank Nutricell for the media used in the experiment and CAPES for financial support.

scholarly journals Stimulation of NADH-dependent microsomal DNA strand cleavage by rifamycin SV

1995 ◽  
Vol 307 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Kukiełka ◽  
A I Cederbaum
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Redox Cycling ◽  
Rat Liver Microsomes ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Rifamycin Sv ◽  
Dna Strand ◽  
Stimulation Of

Rifamycin SV is an antibiotic anti-bacterial agent used in the treatment of tuberculosis. This drug can autoxidize, especially in the presence of metals, and generate reactive oxygen species. A previous study indicated that rifamycin SV can increase NADH-dependent microsomal production of reactive oxygen species. The current study evaluated the ability of rifamycin SV to interact with iron and increase microsomal production of hydroxyl radical, as detected by conversion of supercoiled plasmid DNA into the relaxed open circular state. The plasmid used was pBluescript II KS(-), and the forms of DNA were separated by agarose-gel electrophoresis. Incubation of rat liver microsomes with plasmid plus NADH plus ferric-ATP caused DNA strand cleavage. The addition of rifamycin SV produced a time- and concentration-dependent increase in DNA-strand cleavage. No stimulation by rifamycin SV occurred in the absence of microsomes, NADH or ferric-ATP. Stimulation occurred with other ferric complexes besides ferric-ATP, e.g. ferric-histidine, ferric-citrate, ferric-EDTA, and ferric-(NH4)2SO4. Rifamycin SV did not significantly increase the high rates of DNA strand cleavage found with NADPH as the microsomal reductant. The stimulation of NADH-dependent microsomal DNA strand cleavage was completely blocked by catalase, superoxide dismutase, GSH and a variety of hydroxyl-radical-scavenging agents, but not by anti-oxidants that prevent microsomal lipid peroxidation. Redox cycling agents, such as menadione and paraquat, in contrast with rifamycin SV, stimulated the NADPH-dependent reaction; menadione and rifamycin SV were superior to paraquat in stimulating the NADH-dependent reaction. These results indicate that rifamycin SV can, in the presence of an iron catalyst, increase microsomal production of reactive oxygen species which can cause DNA-strand cleavage. In contrast with other redox cycling agents, the stimulation by rifamycin SV is more pronounced with NADH than with NADPH as the microsomal reductant. Interactions between rifamycin SV, iron and NADH generating hydroxyl-radical-like species may play a role in some of the hepatotoxic effects associated with the use of this antibacterial antibiotic.

Superoxide, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide effects on single-diaphragm fiber contractile apparatus

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Callahan ◽  
Z. W. She ◽  
T. M. Nosek
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Calcium Sensitivity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Contractile Apparatus ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Bathing Medium ◽  
Specific Species

Reactive oxygen species contribute to diaphragm dysfunction in certain pathophysiological conditions (i.e., sepsis and fatigue). However, the precise alterations induced by reactive oxygen species or the specific species that are responsible for the derangements in skeletal muscle function are incompletely understood. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the superoxide anion radical (O2 −·), hydroxyl radical (·OH), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on maximum calcium-activated force (Fmax) and calcium sensitivity of the contractile apparatus in chemically skinned (Triton X-100) single rat diaphragm fibers. O2 −· was generated using the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system; ·OH was generated using 1 mM FeCl2, 1 mM ascorbate, and 1 mM H2O2; and H2O2 was added directly to the bathing medium. Exposure to O2 −· or ·OH significantly decreased Fmax by 14.5% ( P < 0.05) and 43.9% ( P < 0.005), respectively. ·OH had no effect on Ca2+ sensitivity. Neither 10 nor 1,000 μM H2O2 significantly altered Fmax or Ca2+ sensitivity. We conclude that the diaphragm is susceptible to alterations induced by a direct effect of ·OH and O2 −·, but not H2O2, on the contractile proteins, which could, in part, be responsible for prolonged depression in contractility associated with respiratory muscle dysfunction in certain pathophysiological conditions.

scholarly journals Hydrogen peroxide induces 21-aminosteroid-inhibitable F2-isoprostane production and cytolysis in renal tubular epithelial cells.

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1300-1303
Author(s):  
A Salahudeen ◽  
K Badr ◽  
J Morrow ◽  
J Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Renal Injury ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Acute Renal Injury ◽  
Injury Models

F2-isoprostanes are the newly identified reactive oxygen species-catalyzed peroxidation products of arachidonate. The infusion of these prostaglandin F2-like prostanaoids into the rat kidney induces profound parallel reductions in RBF and GFR, suggesting that these metabolites may be partly responsible for the hemodynamic alterations seen in free radical-linked acute renal injury models. The present study examined directly in renal proximal tubular (LLC-PK1) cells whether hydrogen peroxide, a reactive oxygen species implicated in many models of acute renal injury, induces F2-isoprostane production and whether its production can be inhibited by the recently synthesized lipid peroxidation inhibitor 21-aminosteroid (lazaroid U-74389G). The incubation of LLC-PK1 cell layers with hydrogen peroxide for 3 h resulted in a dose-related six-fold increase in F2-isoprostane production, measured by the gas chromatographic-mass spectroscopic method. The preincubation of cells with 21-aminosteroid prevented hydrogen peroxide-induced F2-isoprostane production, a finding also demonstrable with other lipid peroxidation inhibitors, e.g., 2-methyl aminochroman (U-83836E) and diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine. Besides inhibiting isoprostane production, 21-aminosteroid reduced hydrogen peroxide-induced lipid degradation and peroxidation, and protected the cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced cytolysis. The novel finding that hydrogen peroxide induces 21-aminosteroid-inhibitable F2-isoprostane production in renal epithelial cells supports the in vivo report that its levels are elevated in reactive oxygen species-linked renal injury models such as ischemia-reperfusion. Besides direct cell injury, lipid peroxidation by generating F2-isoprostanes may further contribute to renal dysfunction through a vasoconstrictive mechanism. Thus, the inhibition of excess F2-isoprostane production may be one of the additional mechanisms, besides cytoprotection, by which antioxidants ameliorate renal dysfunction in experimental models of acute renal injury.

scholarly journals Fe-catalyzed sulfide oxidation in hydrothermal plumes is a source of reactive oxygen species to the ocean

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (40) ◽  
pp. e2026654118
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Shaw ◽  
George W. Luther ◽  
Richard Rosas ◽  
Véronique E. Oldham ◽  
Nicole R. Coffey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Bottom Water ◽  
Sulfide Oxidation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Fenton Chemistry ◽  
Hydrothermal Plumes

Historically, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the ocean has been attributed to photochemical and biochemical reactions. However, hydrothermal vents emit globally significant inventories of reduced Fe and S species that should react rapidly with oxygen in bottom water and serve as a heretofore unmeasured source of ROS. Here, we show that the Fe-catalyzed oxidation of reduced sulfur species in hydrothermal vent plumes in the deep oceans supported the abiotic formation of ROS at concentrations 20 to 100 times higher than the average for photoproduced ROS in surface waters. ROS (measured as hydrogen peroxide) were determined in hydrothermal plumes and seeps during a series of Alvin dives at the North East Pacific Rise. Hydrogen peroxide inventories in emerging plumes were maintained at levels proportional to the oxygen introduced by mixing with bottom water. Fenton chemistry predicts the production of hydroxyl radical under plume conditions through the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with the abundant reduced Fe in hydrothermal plumes. A model of the hydroxyl radical fate under plume conditions supports the role of plume ROS in the alteration of refractory organic molecules in seawater. The ocean’s volume circulates through hydrothermal plumes on timescales similar to the age of refractory dissolved organic carbon. Thus, plume-generated ROS can initiate reactions that may affect global ocean carbon inventories.

75 INFLUENCE OF CRYOPRESERVATION ON THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF GOAT SPERM AGAINST DIFFERENT REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. A. Góes ◽  
M. Nichi ◽  
R. O. C. Silva ◽  
E. G. A. Perez ◽  
A. Dalmazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical Scavengers

Semen quality after cryopreservation is one of the main limiting factors for the success of artificial insemination in goats. Previous studies indicate that cryo-injuries may be related to the oxidative stress which is caused by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and leads to structural and functional damages to the sperm. The understanding of sperm oxidative mechanisms in goats may provide information on possible treatments to improve semen quality post cryopreservation. The aim of the present study was to verify the resistance of cryopreserved goat spermatozoa to different reactive oxygen species. Semen samples from 5 adult goats were collected and cryopreserved (Botubov®, Biotech Ltda.). After thawing, samples were washed twice with PBS and incubated (1 h, 37°C) with 4 ROS inducer mechanisms: xanthine/xanthine oxidase (produces superoxide anion), hydrogen peroxide (4 mM), ascorbate and ferrous sulfate (4 mM; produces hydroxyl radical) with and without the addition of seminal plasma. Samples were analysed for motility using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA); the 3–3′ diaminobenzidine stain, as an index of mitochondrial activity; the eosin nigrosin stain, as an index of membrane integrity; the simple stain (Fast green/Bengal rose), as an index of acrosome integrity; sperm chromatin structure assay as an index of DNA fragmentation; and the measurement of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), an index of lipid peroxidation. Statistical analysis was performed using the SAS System for Windows (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA; least significant differences test and Spearman correlation; P < 0.05). Results showed that cryopreserved goat sperm after thawing is highly susceptible to the hydroxyl radical. No differences were found on CASA variables between the different ROS. On the other hand, lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation were higher for samples treated with hydroxyl radical when compared to samples treated with the other ROS. Furthermore, sperm showing low mitochondrial activity were lower also for samples treated with hydroxyl radical. Negative correlations were found between lipid peroxidation, and most of the variables evaluated by the CASA. A positive correlation was found between the percentage of sperm showing low mitochondrial potential and DNA fragmentation, indicating that impaired mitochondrial activity may be related to an increase on DNA fragmentation. Previous studies indicate that fresh goat semen is highly susceptible to the attack of hydrogen peroxide. We observed that after thawing there is a shift towards a higher susceptibility to the hydroxyl radical. This may indicate that seminal plasma in goats may be an important source of hydroxyl radical scavengers and that, due to the dilution of the seminal plasma with the extender, such antioxidant protection may be impaired. Therefore, an alternative to improve semen quality in cryopreserved goat semen would be the treatment with hydroxyl radical scavengers such as vitamins E and C, reduced glutathione, and other non-enzymatic antioxidants. Thanks to CAPES for financial support.

320 SUSCEPTIBILITY OF GOAT SPERM TO DIFFERENT REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
R. O. C. Silva ◽  
E. G. A. Perez ◽  
R. P. Cabral ◽  
D. G. Silva ◽  
C. H. C. Viana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Potential ◽  
Acrosome Integrity

Semen quality is one of the main limiting factors for the success of artificial insemination in goats. It is well known that reactive oxygen species (ROS) lead to structural and functional damages to sperm, impairing or avoiding fecundation. The understanding of sperm oxidative mechanisms in goats may provide information on possible treatments to improve semen quality and fertility rates. The aim of the present study was to verify the resistance of goat spermatozoa to different reactive oxygen species. Sperm samples from 4 goats were collected using an artificial vagina. Sperm samples were then incubated (1 h, 37°C) with 4 ROS inducer mechanisms: xanthine/xanthine oxidase (produces superoxide anion), hydrogen peroxide (4 mM), ascorbate/ferrous sulfate (4 mM; produces hydroxyl radical), and malondialdehyde (MDA, lipid peroxidation product). Samples were analyzed for mitochondrial activity using the 3,3′ diaminobenzidine stain, for membrane integrity using the eosin/nigrosin staining, for acrosome integrity using the simple stain (fast green/Bengal rose), and for lipid peroxidation by dosing thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Results showed that goat sperm is more sensitive to hydrogen peroxide, when compared to superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and MDA, when considering acrosome integrity, membrane integrity, and mitochondrial potential (Table 1). On the other hand, TBARS production was increased in samples submitted to hydroxyl radical incubation. Strong negative correlations were found between sperm samples showing impaired mitochondrial potential and both membrane and acrosome integrity (r = -0.97, P < 0.0001 and r = -0.91, P < 0.0001, respectively). The concentration of TBARS correlated negatively with the percentage of sperm showing intact membranes (r = -0.53, P = 0.06), and the later correlated negatively with sperm showing no mitochondrial activity (r = -0.78, P = 0.0006). Results of the present experiment suggest that goat sperm are extremely susceptible to the attack of hydrogen peroxide, being resistant to other ROS. Therefore, an alternative to improve the use of goat semen in reproductive biotechnologies would be the treatment with catalase or glutathione peroxidase, important hydrogen peroxide scavengers. Table 1.Effect of different ROS on goat sperm The authors thank Nutricell for the media used in this experiment.

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